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備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ) 糾錯(cuò)筆記系列 專題08 并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句(含解析)

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備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ) 糾錯(cuò)筆記系列 專題08 并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句(含解析)

專題08并列連詞和狀語(yǔ)從句易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 并列連詞之間的誤用1. Im sorry, _ I won't be able to come tonight. A. for B. and C. but D. then 【錯(cuò)因分析】容易誤選 A。學(xué)生誤認(rèn)為空格后的句子是用以說(shuō)明Im sorry的原因,便想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為要選for來(lái)表示原因。【試題解析】I'm sorry 后習(xí)慣上不接表示原因的連詞for,而接表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but(也可省略 but),用以委婉地提出一個(gè)使對(duì)方不快的事實(shí)。又如: Oh, sorry, but she's out. 哦,不好意思,她出去了?!緟⒖即鸢浮?C 2. In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, _ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.【錯(cuò)因分析】容易誤填or。有的學(xué)生沒有真正理解空格前后兩部分之間為并列關(guān)系,易誤填or。【試題解析】分析這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)及語(yǔ)境可知,Vietnam與空格前的China, Japan, Korea之間是并列關(guān)系,故填并列連詞and。【參考答案】and3. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, or their house of life is a hut. (單句改錯(cuò))【錯(cuò)因分析】前后句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,誤用了表示選擇的連詞or?!驹囶}解析】句意為:他們住在擁有太多房間的一所大房子里,然而他們精神生活的房子卻是一個(gè)小屋。前后句之間應(yīng)使用表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞yet/but?!緟⒖即鸢浮縪r改為yet/but4. Neither you nor I dont know the truth.(單句改錯(cuò))【錯(cuò)因分析】對(duì)“neithernor”的用法掌握不牢?!驹囶}解析】句意為:你和我都不知道真相?!皀eithernor”本身就表示全部否定,故不用否定詞,即不能加not?!緟⒖即鸢浮縿h去dont常見的并列連詞 1. and和or and的用法如下: (1) 表示另加:其意為“和”“又”“而且”。如: Let me have some toasts and a cup of coffee. 給我來(lái)幾片烤面包和一杯咖啡。 (2) 表示結(jié)果:意為“因此”,與so的用法比較接近。如: He fell heavily and broke his arm. 他摔得很重,手臂都摔斷了。 (3) 表示條件:相當(dāng)于ifthen,含有“如果那么”的意味。如: Do that again and Ill call a policeman. 你再這樣做我就要叫警察了。 (4) 表示連續(xù):既可表示一種連續(xù)不斷的狀態(tài),也可以表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作完成之后連續(xù)做另一個(gè)動(dòng)作。如: The train ran faster and faster. 火車開得越來(lái)越快。 He finished lunch and went shopping. 他吃完午飯而后去買東西。 (5) 表示對(duì)比:含有“盡管還”的意味。如: Toms 15 and still sucks his thumb. 湯姆15歲了,還嘬大拇指。 并列連詞or要比and用法簡(jiǎn)單此,它主要表示選擇,其意為“或”“還是”等。如: Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 寶寶真可愛,是男孩還是女孩? He speaks French, or perhaps he understands it. 他會(huì)講法語(yǔ),或者他懂法語(yǔ)。 另外,or還可以表示一種否定的條件,相當(dāng)于ifnot如: Be careful, or youll break that vase! 小心,否則你會(huì)把那花瓶打碎。 =If you dont be careful, youll break that vase. 2. 表對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞主要有but和yet(1) but的用法:其意為“但”“但是”“卻”。如: He looked around but could see nobody. 他向四周望望,卻沒看見什么人。 I know of the town but Ive never been there. 我知道有這座城市,但從未去過(guò)。 (2) yet的用法:其意也表示“但是”“卻”,與but用法相似,有時(shí)可換。如: It is strange yet true. 這很奇怪,卻是真實(shí)的。 I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失敗了,但我還要嘗試。3. 表因果關(guān)系連詞主要有for和so (1) for的用法:表示原因,意為“因?yàn)椤薄坝捎凇薄H纾?The days were short, for it was now December. 白天很短,因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是12月。注意: for表示原因時(shí),它引出的句子不能放在句首,如不能說(shuō):For it was now December, the days were short. (2) so的用法:表示結(jié)果,意為“所以”“因此”。如: Its very cold, so wear a heavy coat. 外邊很冷,因此穿一件厚大衣吧。 注意:漢語(yǔ)可以說(shuō)“因?yàn)樗浴?,但英語(yǔ)中表示結(jié)果的so不能與表示原因的because連用,如不能說(shuō):Because its very cold, so wear a heavy coat. 4. 其他并列連詞 除上面提到的并列連詞外,還有bothand, eitheror, neither.nor, not only.but also等并列連詞。如: (1) bothand的用法:意思是“不僅而且”“和”。如: He speaks both English and French. 他既說(shuō)英語(yǔ)也說(shuō)法語(yǔ)。 Both brother and sister are college students. 兄妹倆都是大學(xué)生。 (2) eitheror的用法:意思是“要么要么”“或是”。如: We can have either fish or beef. 我們可以吃魚或是牛肉。 We can either fly there or go by train. 我們可以坐飛機(jī)去也可坐火車去。 (3) neither.nor的用法:意思是“既不也不”。如:He neither drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒,也不抽煙。 She felt neither frightened nor sorry. 她既不感到害怕也不感到遺憾。 (4) not only.but also的用法:意思是“不僅而且”。如: Not only men but also women were chosen. 不僅僅是男的,女的也有被選中的。1.(2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語(yǔ)法填空)I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _67_ because I want to.”【解析】考查并列連詞。根據(jù)句意邏輯可知,此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,句意:我工作不是因?yàn)槲也坏貌蛔觯且驗(yàn)槲蚁胱?。此處用but與前文not 呼應(yīng),構(gòu)成“不是而是 ”之意,故填but?!敬鸢浮縝ut2.(2018·新課標(biāo)I卷·短文改錯(cuò))At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.【解析】考查并列連詞的用法。我計(jì)劃每?jī)赡昊貋?lái)一次,他同意了。此處是并列關(guān)系,故將but改成and。【答案】but改為and3. Dont turn off the computer befor closing all programs, _ you could have problems.(單句語(yǔ)法填空)【解析】句意:在關(guān)閉所有程序之前不要關(guān)閉電腦,否則你會(huì)遇到麻煩。or表示“否則”。【答案】 or【名師點(diǎn)睛】“祈使句and/or陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu) (1)祈使句+ and(then,and then)+陳述句 在這個(gè)句型中,前邊祈使句+ and(and then)相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件句。如:Come early,and youll catch the first bus. =If you come early,youll catch the first bus.來(lái)早點(diǎn),你就能趕上第一班汽車。 Use your head,then youll find a way.開動(dòng)腦筋,那么你就會(huì)找到辦法。 One more word,and I'll get angry with you如果你再說(shuō)一句話,我就生你的氣了。 Another week,and the railway station will be completed再有一周,火車站就完工了。 (2)祈使句+(or,or else,otherwise)+陳述句 在這個(gè)句型中,前邊祈使句+(or,or else,otherwise)相當(dāng)于unless引導(dǎo)的條件句。如: Work hard,otherwise,youll fail. = Unless you work hard,youll fail.努力干,要不,你會(huì)失敗的。 Use your head,or else you wont find a way.= Unless you use your head, you wont find a way. 開動(dòng)腦筋,否則,你就找不到辦法。 巧選and, or:選擇連接詞,只看陳述句,and叫人心歡暢,or的后果不好嘗3. It is downtown, but it is easy to go anywhere from the hotel by public transport. (單句改錯(cuò))【解析】句意:這里是市中心,所以從酒店乘公交去任何地方都很方便。前后分句為因果關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞so?!敬鸢浮縝ut改為so【名師點(diǎn)睛】so用作并列連詞時(shí)主要表示結(jié)果,意為“因此”“所以”。如:I was tired, so I went to bed earlier. 我累了所以早點(diǎn)睡了。He took my shoes, so I couldnt leave the house. 他把鞋拿走了,我出不了門。It was very cold, so we had to wear warm clothes. 天氣很冷,所以我們得穿暖和的衣服。按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,表示結(jié)果的so不能與表示原因的because套用,在使用時(shí)只能保留其中的一個(gè)。如:那是一個(gè)難題,所以我最后才回答。誤:Because that was a difficult question, so I answered it last.正:That was a difficult question, so I answered it last.正:Because that was a difficult question, I answered it last.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 but與although/though的混用1. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. (單句改錯(cuò))【錯(cuò)因分析】受漢語(yǔ)思維的影響認(rèn)為“雖然但是”可以連用,故發(fā)現(xiàn)不了錯(cuò)誤?!驹囶}解析】從屬連詞Though(雖然)不可與并列連詞but(但是)一起使用,故應(yīng)去掉but。【參考答案】去掉but2. Although he had only entered the contest for fun, _ he won first prize.A. butB. andC. evenD. 不填【錯(cuò)因分析】容易誤選 A,將漢語(yǔ)的“雖然但是”直譯為 although but【試題解析】although為從屬連詞,用以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,它表明整個(gè)句子為復(fù)合句;而 but在表示“但是”時(shí),它是并列連詞,用以連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句使之成為并列句。由于在同一句中既用了從屬連詞 although,又用了并列連詞 but,使得該句一半像復(fù)合句,一半像并列句,從而導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。正確的做法是,任意去掉 although和 but中的一個(gè),使之要么成為復(fù)合句,要么成為并列句?!緟⒖即鸢浮?D漢語(yǔ)中可說(shuō)“雖然但是”,但按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,通常不能說(shuō)althoughbut或thoughbut:雖然很危險(xiǎn),但我要試試。誤:Although it is dangerous, but I will try.正:Although it is dangerous, I will try. / It is dangerous, but I will try.不能將漢語(yǔ)的“雖然但是”直譯為(al)thoughbut,這是因?yàn)?#160;(al)though 為從屬連詞,用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;而but在表示“但是”時(shí),它是并列連詞,用以連接兩個(gè)句子使之成為并列句。由于在同一句中既用了從屬連詞(al)though,又用了并列連詞 but,使得句子一半像復(fù)合句,一半像并列句,從而導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。正確的做法是,任意去掉 (al)though 和 but 中的一個(gè),使之要么成為復(fù)合句,要么成為并列句。Though the boy came back to life, _ he was still weak.A.butB.yetC.howeverD.so【解析】本題考查連詞詞義辨析。句意為:盡管這個(gè)男孩已經(jīng)蘇醒,但是他仍然很虛弱。but“但是”,是表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞;yet“然而”,是表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的副詞,通常與not等連用;however“然而”, 是表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的副詞;so“所以”,是表示因果關(guān)系的連詞。根據(jù)句意以及句首的Though可知選B。句首有Though時(shí)不能與but或however連用。【答案】B易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3 時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的誤用1. With speech develops, the child starts to tie more words together.(單句改錯(cuò))【錯(cuò)因分析】對(duì)as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法掌握不?!驹囶}解析】句意:隨著語(yǔ)言能力不斷發(fā)展,這個(gè)孩子開始把更多的詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)。前后兩句表示兩個(gè)發(fā)展變化中的情況,表示在某事發(fā)生的過(guò)程中另一事也發(fā)生,as“一邊一邊;隨著”,故應(yīng)用As。with只是個(gè)介詞,只能跟名詞、代詞在一起?!緟⒖即鸢浮縒ith 改為As2. Im going to the post office. _ youre there, can you get me some stamps?A. AsB. WhileC. Because D. If【錯(cuò)因分析】容易誤選A?!驹囶}解析】盡管 as和 while均可用作從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”,但兩者有一個(gè)重要區(qū)別,就是這樣用的 as從句的謂語(yǔ)不能是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。【參考答案】B3. He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A. as B. untilC. whenD. while【錯(cuò)因分析】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。【試題解析】when意為“這時(shí)(突然)”,主要用于某一動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生于另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或剛要發(fā)生之時(shí)?!緟⒖即鸢浮緾4. John thinks it won't be long _ he is ready for his new job.A. whenB. sinceC. afterD. before【錯(cuò)因分析】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選?!驹囶}解析】此句是由before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,構(gòu)成“It wont be+時(shí)間段+狀語(yǔ)從句”,如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定式時(shí),意思是“沒過(guò)多久就”。【參考答案】D5. Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed.A. unlessB. sinceC. althoughD. when【錯(cuò)因分析】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選?!驹囶}解析】根據(jù)句意,此句是由when引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句, when相當(dāng)于if。句意是:如果需要,就不要害怕幫助。所以選D。【參考答案】D一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法歸納1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞很多,常見的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。2. 表示“當(dāng)時(shí)候”的 while, when, as 的用法區(qū)別是:while從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;表示 帶有規(guī)律性的“每當(dāng)”或當(dāng)主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后時(shí),只能用 when;當(dāng)表示“一邊一 邊”或“隨著”時(shí),只能用 as。另外,用于此義的 as 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)只能是動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞, 不能是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。3. until 在肯定句中通常只連用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示相應(yīng)動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)間;在否定句中通常連用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 表示相應(yīng)動(dòng)作開始的時(shí)間,意為“直到才”。如:If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你堅(jiān)持要走, 至少也要等雨停了再走。The letter passed from one to another until everyone had read it. 那封信逐一傳閱,直到每個(gè)人都看過(guò)為止。4. 表示“一就”除用 as soon as 外,還可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no soonerthan, hardlywhen 等。如:I came immediately you called. 你一來(lái)電話我就來(lái)了。Hardly had I opened the door when he told me. 我剛開開門,他就告訴了我。The moment I have finished I'll give you a call. 我一干完就給你打電話。5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 結(jié)尾的詞 語(yǔ)也可用作連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如:Last time I saw him, he looked ill. 上次我見到他時(shí),他好像有病。Every time I call on him, he is out. 我每次去訪問(wèn)他,他都不在。You can call me any time you want to. 你隨時(shí)都可以給我打電話。Next time youre in London come and visit us. 你下次來(lái)倫敦過(guò)來(lái)探望我們。注:其中的every time, each time, any time前不用冠詞,(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠詞可以省略,而the first time中的冠詞通常不能省略。6. before和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的句型有:it was notbefore 沒過(guò)多久就it will bebefore過(guò)了多久才since意為“自從”,可構(gòu)成:It is/was+一段時(shí)間+sincesince與終止性動(dòng)詞連用,表示“自以來(lái)已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”;since與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,表示“自從不做某事有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。從句中常用過(guò)去時(shí),主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。二、 條件狀語(yǔ)的用法歸納1. if 表示正面的條件, 意為“如果”; unless (=if not) 表示負(fù)面的條件, 意為“除非, 如果不”。如: If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你請(qǐng)求他, 他會(huì)幫助你。If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早來(lái)幾分鐘就碰到他了。He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business. 他一定會(huì)來(lái), 除非他有急事。2. in case, on condition that, providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等詞匯意思相近, 指“假如, 假使, 在條件下”(比if更為書面化)。如: In case he comes, let me know. 如果他來(lái)的話, 告訴我一聲。I shall give you my dictionary on condition that you return it tomorrow. 我將把我的字典給你, 如果你明天要還的話。 I will go, providing/provided (that) my expenses are paid. 只要我的費(fèi)用有人付, 我就去。 Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do? 他要是不來(lái), 我們?cè)撛趺崔k?3. as long as (=so long as) 表示充分必要條件, 引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈的條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 意為“只要”。如: I will cooperate as long as I am notified on time. 只要及時(shí)告訴我, 我就會(huì)合作。You may use the book so long as you will return it on time. 只要你準(zhǔn)時(shí)還, 你就可以借這本書。1. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again.A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. when【解析】句意:這項(xiàng)調(diào)查研究將要花Joan和Paul大約5個(gè)月的時(shí)間,我們還要一段時(shí)間才能再次見到他們。該題考查的是句型:It will/would be+時(shí)間段+before從句“還要過(guò)多久才”。故選B?!敬鸢浮緽2. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life_ weve actually had that lesson.A. until B. afterC. sinceD. when【解析】句意:在親身經(jīng)歷之前,我們很難去體味生活中的教訓(xùn)。所給選項(xiàng)只有until 符合句意?!敬鸢浮緼【名師點(diǎn)睛】until的用法歸納:unitl詞性釋義例句備注介詞(表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)的繼續(xù))為止,在之前I waited until three oclock. 我一直等到三點(diǎn)鐘。until與表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞連用,表示動(dòng)作及狀態(tài)繼續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻(用于否定句)到為止,直到才The noise didnt stop until midnight.噪音一直到午夜才停止。連詞(表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)的繼續(xù))直到(另一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)出現(xiàn))之前He lived with his parents until he got married. 他與父母住在一起直到結(jié)婚為止。(用于否定句)直到,直到才The children wont come home until it is dark. 孩子們不到天黑不回家。使用注意事項(xiàng): 注意事項(xiàng)一 until用于肯定句中,表示主句的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生或狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)時(shí)為止。一般可譯為“直到為止”。在這種用法中,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞(非瞬間動(dòng)詞),如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。 until用于否定句中,表示主句的動(dòng)作在從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前尚未發(fā)生,或者說(shuō)主句的動(dòng)作在從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之后才開始。一般可譯為“直到才”。 注意事項(xiàng)二 until后面的從句中不能用一般將來(lái)時(shí),應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。所謂的“主將從現(xiàn)”。 He will stay here until his mother comes back. They will study at the school until their parents come to take them home. 注意事項(xiàng)三 till和until的意思基本相同,用法也基本一樣,但until語(yǔ)氣較重,多用于較正式的文體里。 till多用于英式英語(yǔ), until多用于美式英語(yǔ); till不能用在句首,也不能用在not開頭的短語(yǔ)或從句里,而until可以。在這種情況下應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 Until he came home, we knew the news. 在他到家之前,我們不知道這消息。 Not until nine oclock yesterday evening did we finish the work. 直到昨晚九點(diǎn),我們才完成這項(xiàng)工作。3. _the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. Although【解析】句意:一旦農(nóng)田被毀壞,將需要許多年的時(shí)間才能得以恢復(fù)。A. until譯為到為止,直到才,在以前;B. unless譯為如果不,除非;C. once譯為一旦,一經(jīng)便;D. although譯為雖然,然而,盡管。結(jié)合句意,故選C?!敬鸢浮緾易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4 原因、目的、結(jié)果、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的誤用1. Tired _ he was, he continued his work.【錯(cuò)因分析】沒有掌握as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法?!驹囶}解析】句意:雖然他很累,但他繼續(xù)工作。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句放在主句之前,從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)部分的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形需提前置于句首;though也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,句子可倒裝也可不倒裝。【參考答案】 as/though2. So that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early. (單句改錯(cuò))【錯(cuò)因分析】誤將so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句放于句首。【試題解析】句意:為了能看到日出,我們很早就向山頂出發(fā)。由句意可知,從句為目的狀語(yǔ)從句,但so that 引導(dǎo)的從句不能置于句首,一般只能置于主句之后,故應(yīng)用in order that?!緟⒖即鸢浮縎o that改為In order that一、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有以下這些:though, although,while, as; even if, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑問(wèn)詞,疑問(wèn)詞-ever, regardless of+名詞/名詞短語(yǔ)/名詞從句,despite,in spite of。(1)though, although表示“雖然,縱然”之意。 這兩個(gè)連詞意思大致相同,在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語(yǔ)中,though較常使用,although比though正式,二者都可與yet, still或never,the less連用,但不能與but連用。 (2)as, though表示“雖然但是”,“縱使”之意。 as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形,though也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,但although不可以這樣用。 如: Object as you may, Ill go.(=Though/Although you may object, Ill go.) 縱使你反對(duì),我也要去。 (3)even if, even though 表示“即使”,“縱使”之意,含有一種假設(shè)。 這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同。它們?;Q使用,但意義有細(xì)微差別。even if引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性,可用來(lái)表示與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),但不能用來(lái)描述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事實(shí)。而even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),是以從句的內(nèi)容為先決條件的,即說(shuō)話人肯定了從句的事實(shí),表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事。 如: Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要作一次旅行。 (4)whether.or.表示“不論是否”,“不管是還是”之意。 由這一個(gè)復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句旨在說(shuō)明正反兩方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。 如: You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個(gè)典禮。 Whether you believe it or not, it's true.無(wú)論你是否相信,這都是真的。 (5)“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”或“疑問(wèn)詞-ever”的含義為“都;不管都” 它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以互換。 如: No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.) 無(wú)論發(fā)生了什么,他都不會(huì)介意的。 No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law. 不管你是誰(shuí),你都要遵紀(jì)守法。 但“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,而“疑問(wèn)詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。如: Whatever(=No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (Whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句) 無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么,我都不會(huì)相信你。 I'll eat whatever (no matter what) you give me. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)你給我吃什么,我就吃什么。 Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句) 不管誰(shuí)來(lái)都受到歡迎。 此外,有時(shí)while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,但一般要位于句首。如: While I like the colour, I don't like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色,但不喜歡那形狀。二、原因狀語(yǔ)從句的用法1. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有because, as, since, now that等;2. as 與since, now that 一樣表示雙方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)被強(qiáng)調(diào)。3. 當(dāng)表示直接的因果關(guān)系,回答why時(shí),或有only, just, all not ,but等修飾時(shí),或用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中都只能用 because。三、目的狀語(yǔ)從句的用法引目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有so(以便), that(以便), so that(以便,為了), in order that (為了,以便);in case(以防,以免), lest(免得,以防), for fear that(以免,惟恐)等。從句中一般含有can, could, may, might, will, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如: Bring it closer so (that) I can see it better. 拿近一點(diǎn)以便我看得更清楚。 Lets take the front seats that we may see more clearly. 咱們坐前排,以便看得清楚點(diǎn)。 I left at 6:00 so that/in order that I could catch the train. 為了趕上火車,我六點(diǎn)就出門了。 I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget. 我要把你的電話號(hào)碼寫下,以免忘了。 Take the raincoat in case it rains. 帶著雨衣,以防下雨。 Be careful lest you fall from that tree. 要當(dāng)心, 以免從樹上摔下來(lái)。 He walked fast for fear that he should be late. 他走得很快,以免遲到。 注:當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),可用不定式來(lái)表達(dá)相同的意思。如: 譯:為了通過(guò)考試,他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。正:He studies very hard so that(=in order that) he can pass the exam. 正:He studies very hard so as to (=in order to) pass the exam.1. _the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.A. WhileB. UnlessC. SinceD. Until【解析】考查連詞辨析。這里是一個(gè)while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。A. while盡管(引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句);B. unless除非(通常用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句);C. since自從(引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句);D. until直到才(通常用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中)。結(jié)合句意:盡管學(xué)生都來(lái)自不同的國(guó)家,他們?cè)谙牧顮I(yíng)里面都相處得很好。故選A【答案】A2. Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _ she could stay home and raise her family.   A. now that           B. as if                 C. only if             D. so that【分析】考查連詞。A.now that既然;B.as if好像;C.only if只要;D.so that以便。這里是so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句。句意:當(dāng)Cathy的兒子出生的時(shí)候,她就放棄了自己的工作,以便呆在家里照顧家人。根據(jù)句意故選D。【答案】D 區(qū)分while引導(dǎo)的并列句與狀語(yǔ)從句while 引導(dǎo)并列句時(shí),表示前后句之間的對(duì)比,意為“然而”。 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),表示“當(dāng)時(shí)” 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“雖然,盡管”He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home. 他出去散步了,而我卻呆在家里。 I like singing while she likes dancing. 我喜歡唱歌,而她喜歡跳舞。While I was watching TV, the bell rang. 我看電視時(shí),鈴響了。While it was late, he went on working. 雖然很晚了,但他還在繼續(xù)工作。as/when/while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別as 著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,as從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可是短暫性動(dòng)詞。when既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,又可以表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi),主語(yǔ)與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。while“當(dāng)時(shí);在期間”,從句中動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,并且while強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表示的動(dòng)作持續(xù)與從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)。sothat, suchthat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句sothat“如此以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu): 形容詞/副詞so many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) +that從句 much/little+不可數(shù)名詞 形容詞+a(n)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)suchthat“如此以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu): 形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)such 形容詞+不可數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) +that從句 a(n)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)注意:little意為“少”時(shí),構(gòu)成so little; 意為“小”時(shí),構(gòu)成such little。Such a little boy has so little difficulty in working out this problem that I admire him very much. 這樣小的一個(gè)男孩解這道題所遇到的困難是如此之少,以至于我很佩服他。where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1. where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí), where是關(guān)系副詞,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),其前面有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞, where引導(dǎo)的 從句修飾先行詞。如: The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.我買這本書的那個(gè)書店離這里不遠(yuǎn)。 This is the house where I lived two years ago.這就是我兩年前住的那個(gè)房子。 We will start at the point where we left off.我們將從上次停下來(lái)的地方開始。 2. where引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí), where是從屬連詞, where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, where前面沒有表示地 點(diǎn)的先行詞。如: Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet.武漢位于長(zhǎng)江和漢江匯合處。1.(2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·短文改錯(cuò))Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】 Suddenly (a) football fell just in front of me almost hit me.【解析】考查冠詞。名詞football為可數(shù)名詞,前邊需要有限定詞。這里football第一次出現(xiàn),故在football前加a;考查連詞。句意:突然一個(gè)足球落在我前邊并且差點(diǎn)打到我?!白闱蚵湎聛?lái)”與“打到我”兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是順承關(guān)系,不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將but改為and。2.(2018·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空)_ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. Although B. While C. If D. Until【答案】C【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意:如果我們不阻止氣候變化,那么世界上的很多動(dòng)植物將會(huì)消失。分析句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,動(dòng)植物不滅絕的前提條件是阻止氣候變化。although盡管;while當(dāng)時(shí)候,盡管;if如果;until直到。根據(jù)句意可知選C。3.(2018·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空)_ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.A. Once B. UnlessC. If D. When【答案】B【解析】考查連詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意:除非你睡得好,否則一兩個(gè)晚上之后,你會(huì)失去專注、計(jì)劃和保持動(dòng)力的能力。A. Once一旦;B. Unless除非;C. If如果;D. When當(dāng)時(shí)候。故選B。點(diǎn)睛:本題考查連詞辨析。解題時(shí)要區(qū)分清選擇項(xiàng)的含義與區(qū)別,再聯(lián)系句意進(jìn)行判斷,從而選出正確答案。4.(2017·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空)_ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because【答案】C【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。 前后兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選C。句意:雖然鳥兒用它們的羽毛來(lái)飛行, 但是有些羽毛也可用作其他用途。5.(2017·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空)If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _ you figure it out.A. because B. though C. until D. since【答案】C【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。 根據(jù)句意可知用until,表示“直到”。句意:如果你遇到不明白的東西,可以研究、學(xué)習(xí)、與人交流,直到你弄清楚。6.(2017·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空)Located _ the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.A. why B. when C. which D. where【答案】D【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。由located一詞可知此處缺少一個(gè)表示方位、地點(diǎn)的引導(dǎo)詞,故用where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。句意:位于“一帶一路”交匯處,江蘇將為“一帶一路”的建設(shè)做出更多的貢獻(xiàn)。7. Jogging is good exercise _ it doesn't pollute the air. A. thoughB. andC. butD. so【答案】B【解析】考查并列句。句意:慢跑是一種很好的運(yùn)動(dòng),并且它還不污染空氣。“Jogging is good exercise”和“it doesn't pollute the air”之間是并列關(guān)系,所以用and。though“然而”表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;but“但是”表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;so“因此”表示因果關(guān)系。故選B。8. It is sad enough that

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