人教版高一英語必修3 UNIT4知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

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1、- UNIT 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Words solar system planet circle astronomy origin religion widely theory universe atoms billion dust solid globe violent e*plode carbon vapor nitrogen prod

2、uce atmosphere appear surface unlike obvious fundamental presence dissolve harmful acids chain reaction e*tremely multiplied o*ygen encourage development shellfish insect amphibians reptiles hug

3、e dinosaurs e*ist rise mammal spread thus dio*ide remove puzzle presence chemistry planet gravity evidence satellite violent shocked gentle rude biology prove discovery physicist supply

4、 decrease species e*tinct climate concern disappear spaceship force escape pull lessen float weight painful frightening amazed increase e*hausting structure theory situation crash Phrases

5、: in all directions bine to settle into in time cool down fill....with as well as lay eggs remain a mystery give birth to in one’s turn prevent...from as a result of depend on no longer die out block out crash into

6、 dozens of fall back to cheer up twice as far as fall over now that get the hang of step forward break out pay attention to watch out be make up of be fundamental to begin with in all directions according to watch out for 密切注意；留神

7、；提防 Grammar: 1.What it was to bee was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid. (隨后〕它變成什么沒人知道，知道38~45億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成一個(gè)固體的球狀物。 be to do 1)"將要做*事〞指預(yù)先安排好的方案或約定 2)表示義務(wù)、命令、制止或可能性等，意思接近于should,must,have to 3)表示將來必然要發(fā)生的事，意為"注定......〞 (2021全國(guó)高考)The disco

8、very of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_________ A.is made B.would make C.was to be made D.had made 2. The earth bee so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球變得劇烈動(dòng)亂，不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。 句法分析：本句是So...that....句型，that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中又包含一個(gè)主語從

9、句，其中it是形式主語，whether the shape would last or not 是真正的主語。 violent:adj.暴力的；強(qiáng)暴的；猛烈的；劇烈的 拓展： a violent crime / behavior 暴力犯罪/行為 a violent storm 暴風(fēng)驟雨 do violent to...對(duì)....施暴；歪曲〔事實(shí)〕 take ....by violence 搶奪 with violence 強(qiáng)烈地，強(qiáng)有力地；用暴力 3.They were in time to produce carbon dio*ide, nitrogen,water vapo

10、r and other gases,which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.最終產(chǎn)生二氧化碳、氮?dú)?、水蒸氣和其他氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。 句法分析：which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為carbon dio*ide,nitrogen,water vapor and other gases. in time 1) 終于；遲早；最后 2) 及時(shí)，來得及〔用作此意是，in time后常跟for sth 或to do sth.) 拓展： at no time 任何時(shí)間都不 at a time 每次，一次 at one time曾

11、經(jīng)，一度 at the sane time 同時(shí)，然而 at times有時(shí)，時(shí)?！?sometimes=for time to time) in no time立刻 ahead of time提前 all the time 一直，始終 on time按時(shí)，準(zhǔn)時(shí) for the time being 暫時(shí) once upon a time從前 take one，time沉著進(jìn)展 kill time消磨時(shí)間 (2021高考)The manager wants to see changes in the pany,and I am s

12、ure he will ______________. A.in particular B.in turn C.in change D.in time (2021高考)---Thank God you’re safe! -----I stepped back,just ___________to avoid the racing car. 4. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水對(duì)生命的開展起關(guān)鍵作用，這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)

13、時(shí)并不明顯。 be fundamental to 對(duì)...必不可少/至關(guān)重要 fundamental adj.根本的，根底的 be similar to 與...相似 be harmful to對(duì)...有害 be important to 對(duì)...來說是重要的 翻譯： 有些專家認(rèn)為，閱讀是學(xué)校教育所依賴的根本技能。(2021 高考) 5. What many scientist believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acid

14、s into the oceans and seas.很多科學(xué)家相信；地球上長(zhǎng)期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。 be harmful to...對(duì)...有害〔=do harm to〕 harmless adj.無害的 be harmless to 對(duì)...無害 harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to 對(duì)...有害 harm n.傷害，損害 do harm to sb=do sb harm 對(duì)*人有害 學(xué)法點(diǎn)播：有些單詞其詞性的變化形式和harm類似，如：care→careful〔小心的〕→careless〔粗心的〕→care

15、lessness〔n粗心〕 hope→hopeful〔有希望的〕→hopeless〔沒有希望的〕→hopelessness(n絕望〕 help→helpful〔有幫助的〕→helpless〔無助的〕→helplessness〔n無可奈何〕 (2021高考)Many lifestyle patterns do such__________great harm to earth that they actually speed up__________weakening of the human body. A.a;/ B./;the C.a;the D./;/ 6. The

16、y multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with o*ygen ,which encourage the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.它們繁殖起來使得海洋充滿了氧氣，這為早期的貝類及各種魚類后來的進(jìn)化創(chuàng)造了條件。 multiply v.繁殖；成倍增加；迅速增加；乘；乘以 ： add v.加；增加；添加 plus prep.加上 subtract v.減；減去；扣除 minus prep.減去 2+2=4 Two plus/

17、added to two is four. 4-2=2 Four minus two is two. Two subtracted from four is two. 2×2=4 Two times/multiplied by two is four. 4÷2=2 Four divided by two is two. 7. Later when the plants grew into forests,reptiles appeared for the first time. 后來，當(dāng)這些植物長(zhǎng)成森林時(shí)，爬行動(dòng)物第一次出現(xiàn)了。 1) 句法分析：when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從

18、句；介詞短語for the first time 作狀語。Grow into sth不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 2) for the first time 第一次 拓展：This is/was the first ...time +that 從句，表示"這是*人第幾次做*事〞，從句常用完成時(shí)態(tài)。即：主語連系動(dòng)詞為is時(shí)，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，為was時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。 3) grow into sth 變成，變得習(xí)慣于〔不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)〕 grow away from sb 逐漸疏遠(yuǎn)*人 grow on sb 逐漸為*人所愛 grow out of sth 產(chǎn)生于；體型上太胖而穿不上

19、衣服 grow up 〔指人或物〕長(zhǎng)大；成長(zhǎng)；成熟 8. They laid eggs and e*isted on the earth for more than 140million years. 它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。 搭配：e*ist in存在于....中 e*ist on(=live on) 靠...為生/生存 單詞積累：e*istence n.存在，生存 e*isting adj.現(xiàn)存的，現(xiàn)行的 拓展：e into e*istence /being 形成，出現(xiàn) in e*istence 現(xiàn)存的；存在的 (2021高考)

20、The e*periment has ruled out the possibility of the _____________(e*ist) of any life on that plant,but it dose not mean there is no life on other plants. 9. These animals were different from all life forms in the past ,because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.這

21、些動(dòng)物不同于以往所有的生命形態(tài)，因?yàn)樗鼈儚捏w生產(chǎn)出幼崽并給幼崽哺乳。 give birth to 分娩；生孩子；產(chǎn)生；引起 ： at birth 在出生時(shí)，誕生時(shí) by birth 天生；生來；在血統(tǒng)上 be of good/noble birth 出生名門 bring...to birth 使....產(chǎn)生 10. Thus they have , in their turn , bee the most important animals on the plant. 于是，他們接著成為了這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物。 thus adv.因此，于是，所以，這樣，如此 In on

22、e’s turn 輪到*人;接著 拓展： by turns 輪流，依次 in turns 依次，反過來 take turns to do sth 輪流做*事 It’s one’s turn to do sth 輪到*人做*事 (2007高考) People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,and this ____________creates further problems. A. in short B.in case C.in doubt

23、 D.in turn 11.They are putting too much carbon dio*ide into the atmosphere,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他們把過多的二氧化碳排放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱量不能釋放到太空中去。 句法分析：which prevents ...space是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which指代前面的整個(gè)句子。 prevent...〔from〕doing 阻止....做 誤區(qū)警示： stop sb (from)doin

24、g sth 阻止*人做*事 keep sb from doing sth 阻止*人做*事 protect sb from/against sth 保護(hù)*人免遭*物〔傷害〕 defend sd from sth保衛(wèi)*人不受*物傷害 (2021高考) China recently tightened(加緊〕its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______________(attack)in the South China Sea. 12. How life b

25、egan on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientist found hard to solve. 生命終究是怎樣起源的是科學(xué)家們覺得最難解決的問題之一。 puzzle 1) n.難題；謎 搭配：be in a puzzle 不知如何是好；感到困惑 2) v.〔使〕迷惑；〔使〕為難 搭配：puzzle about /over苦苦思索 單詞積累： puzzled adj.感到困惑的，困惑的 puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 13. I cheered up immediately and floated wei

26、ghtlessly around in our spaceship cabin....我立刻快樂起來，由于失重，我在太空艙里飄來飄去... cheer up〔市〕快樂起來，〔使〕振作起來 ：cheer ....on為....加油/鼓勁 Cheers！〔祝酒時(shí)用〕干杯！ (**高考)---I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t pass this time. --___________! I’m sure you’ll make it. A.Go ahead B.Good luck C.No prob

27、lem D.Cheer up 14.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但當(dāng)我盡力向前邁步的時(shí)候，我覺察我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因此我摔倒了。 twice as ...as ......的兩倍....,這是一種倍數(shù)表示方法 英語里常見的倍數(shù)表示法有三種： A is+倍數(shù)+形容詞比較級(jí)+than B A is+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as B A is+倍數(shù)+the size/weight/heig

28、ht/length/width....+of B as .........as as +形容詞、副詞原級(jí)+as as +adj.+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+as as +adj.+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+as 拓展 as many /much as 多達(dá) as light as feather 輕如鴻毛 as soon as... 一...就... as/so far as 遠(yuǎn)到...;一直到.... as early as 早在 as strong as a horse 強(qiáng)壯如牛 as long as 長(zhǎng)達(dá) as well as 除.... 之外，還 as good as

29、與...幾乎一樣 as ....as possible 盡可能地.... (2021高考)1.It’s said that the power plant is now___________large as what it was. A.twice as B.as twice C.twice much D.much twice (2021高考)The new stadium being built for the ne*t Asian Games will be _________ ____________ ___________ ____________ ____

30、________(三倍大〕the present one. 15."Oh dear〞, I cried,"walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.〞"天哪〞，我大聲說，"重力改變了，看來走路確實(shí)需要練一練了。〞 句法分析：now that 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。動(dòng)名詞walking 作主語，并且用does來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞need。 now that既然〔引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句〕 (2021 高考)The team are working hard to analyze(分析〕the problem______

31、_______ they can find the best solution. 16. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. 我們驚奇地看到，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。 break out 突然開場(chǎng)，爆發(fā) break up 解散；破碎；完畢 break through 突破；沖垮 break away from....脫離.... break down出故障；坍塌

32、；〔精神，身體〕垮掉 break in進(jìn)入；插話 break into 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入〔*處〕；突然開場(chǎng)〔笑，歡呼等〕 (2021高考)1.He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead,because the air-conditioning system_____________. A.broke in B.broke up C.broke out D.broke down (2021 **高考)See, your puter has broken_______

33、___again! It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of puter just to save a few dollars. 17. In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun. system n.[C]系統(tǒng)，體系；體制，制度；[U]條理，秩序 the solar system 太陽系 a social system 社會(huì)制度 under the new/old system 在新/舊制度下 have system in one’s work 工

34、作有條理 18. Can you match the names with the planets" match v. 和....協(xié)調(diào)，搭配；與...匹敵，成為...的對(duì)手 n. 火柴；比賽；對(duì)手；配偶 match ...with 使...和...搭配 match up to 相當(dāng)，配得上 be a match for 與... 相匹配 find/meet one,s match 棋逢對(duì)手，遇上對(duì)手 match point 最后決定勝負(fù)的分；賽點(diǎn) 19. It e*ploded loudly with fire and rock. e*plode v.爆炸，爆

35、破；突然爆發(fā)；突增；破除；推翻 e*plosion n.爆炸；爆裂；突增 une*ploded adj.未爆炸的 e*plosive adj.易爆炸的，易爆發(fā)的；突增的 e*plosively adv. 爆炸地；突增地 e*plode a bomb =set off a bomb 使炸彈爆炸 e*plode a superstition 破除迷信 e*plode into wild laughter 突然大笑起來 the e*ploding world population 迅猛增長(zhǎng)的世界人口 20. As a result of this event,

36、a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight. block out 擋住，遮住〔光線，聲音等〕, 忘掉，抹去〔不愉快的事情〕 block out 〔用路障〕封鎖，堵住 block up 塞住，封住 block one’s way 擋住*人的去路 block sth.in/out 草擬，畫....的簡(jiǎn)單圖 21. We were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity. pull 拉〔力〕；拖；牽引力 pull down 拆毀 pull

37、 out (of) 駛出〔車站〕；抽出；取出 pull up 〔使車〕停下 pull through 恢復(fù)安康；〔使〕渡過難關(guān)/危機(jī) 語法精講〔名詞性從句----主語從句〕 主語從句通常由以下詞引導(dǎo)： 1〕附屬連詞that，whether,if等； 2〕連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom 等； 3) 連接副詞how，when，where，why 等。 that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞都在句中既保存自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)主語的成分。注：whom、who指人，what指物，whatever，wh

38、oever表示泛指意義。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。 有時(shí)為防止句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語

39、從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下： 〔1〕It be+ 名詞 + that從句 It's a great pity that they didn't get married.他們沒能結(jié)婚，真是令人惋惜。 It 's a good thing that you were insured.你保了險(xiǎn)，這可是件好事。 〔2〕It be + 形容詞 + that從句 It's splendid that you passed your e*am.你通過考試了，真棒。 It's strange that there are no l

40、ights on.真奇怪，沒有一盞燈是開著的。 〔3〕It be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+ 主語從句 It's said that he has been there many times.據(jù)說他去過那兒很屢次。 〔4〕It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句[1] 另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣"(should) +do〞，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed,

41、 desired, etc.) that… (5) it seems/happens+that 從句 眾所周知的幾種表達(dá)方式 〔1〕It is known to us that. 〔2〕As is known to us. 〔3〕what is known to us is that. it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句構(gòu)造：It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部+that/who+句子其它局部。 eg:My father did the e*periment in the lab yesterday evening. 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：It was my father who did the e*perime

42、nt in the lab yesterday evening. 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語：It was the e*periment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間：It was yesterday evening that my father did the e*periment in the lab.(注意不用when) 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)：It was in the lab that my father did the e*periment yesterday evening. (2021 高考)_______________w

43、e understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. A.Where B.How C.Why D.When (2021高考) It remains to be seen________________the newly formed mittee’s policy can be put into practice. A.that B.which C.what D.whether (2021 高考)_____________Li Bai , a great Chinese poet,was born is

44、 known to the public ,but some won,t accept it. A.What B.Why C.Where D.How (2021高考) It was never clear___________the man hadn〞t reported the accident sooner. A.that B.how C.when D.why (2021**高考) I think___________impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses. A.what

45、B.that C.which D.who (2021高考) The villagers have already known__________we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A.this B.that C.what D.which (2021高考) The limits of a person,s intelligence, generally speaking, are fi*ed at birth, but____________ he reaches these limits will depend

46、on his environment. A.where B.whether C.that D.why 語法選擇 1.It remains to be seen_______________this plan is practical enough to keep the project going. A. whether B. how C. where D. when 2.(2021高考)____________the delay flight will take off depends much on the weather.

47、 A.Why B.When C.That D.What 3.(2021全國(guó)高考) It is by no means clear_____________the president can do to end the strike. A.how B.which C.that D.what 4.(2021高考)___________Barbara Jones offers to he fans is honesty and happiness. A.Which B.What C.That D.Whom

48、 5. (2021高考)It suddenly occurred to him____________he had left his keys in the office. A.whether B.where C.which D.that 6. (2021高考)It doesn’t matter______________you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A.how B.whether C.what D.why 7.(2021高考) Everyone in the village is

49、very friendly. It doesn’t matter_________ you have lived there for a short time or a long time. A.why B.how C.whether D.that 8.____________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A:That B:Which C:Whether D:What 9.(2021大綱高考)E*actly___________th

50、e potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565. A.whether B.why C.when D.how 10.(2021高考)____________ the delay flight will take off depends much on the weather. A.Why B.When C.That D.What 11. (2021高考) Some people believe____________has happened befor

51、e or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however 12.(2021高考)______________struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. A.That B.It C.What D.Which 13. (2021高考) It doesn’t matter___________you pay by c

52、ash or credit card in this store. A.how B.whether C.what D.why 單詞變形 1. system n. ----____________________adj. 系統(tǒng)的 2. religion n. ----___________________adj. 的；虔誠(chéng)的 3. theory n. ----____________________adj. 理論上 4. globe n. ----____________________adj. 全球的；總體的 5. violent adj. ----_

53、_________________adv. 猛烈地；劇烈地----_______________n. 暴力；侵犯 6. in time___________________on time _________________ 7. unlike prep. 〔介詞〕----_________________prep. 像 8. harmful adj. ----__________________v./n. 傷害；損害----______________adj. 無害的；無惡意的 9. multiply-_________________multip

54、ly by 乘以 10. lay-_______________-______________-________________產(chǎn)卵；放置 11. e*ist v. ----_________________n. 存在；生存 12. puzzle v. ----______________adj. 感到困惑的----_____________adj. 令人困惑的 13. biology n. ----__________________n. 生物學(xué)家 14. gentle adj. ----______________________adv. 輕輕地；溫和地 15.

55、physicist n. ---__________________n. 物理學(xué) ----_____________adj. 身體的；物理的 ----________________n. 科醫(yī)生 16. lessen v. ---- _________________adj. /adv. 較少的;較少地 17.cheer v. 歡呼；使快樂；為…加油--- _________________adj. 快樂的，愉快的，快樂的 18. weightlessly adv. --- _________________n. 重量；重力 19. break –____________

56、_____- _________________打破；弄破；休息；中斷 20. _________________小心；堤防 _________________看守；監(jiān)視；看管 一、短語互譯 1.突發(fā)；爆發(fā)_____________________ 2.密切注意；留神；提防 ____________________ 3.輪到*人_____________________ 4.阻止；制止

57、_________________ 5.擋住〔光線〕 _______________________ 6.感到快樂；感到振奮 ____________________ 7.及時(shí)；終于_____________________ 8.既然_____________________

58、 9.solar system _____________________ 10.lay eggs _____________________ 11.give birth to_____________________ 12.carbon dio*ide _____________________ 13.get the hang

59、of _____________________ 14.in all directions _____________________ 15. 輪到*人；接著 16. 感到快樂，感到振奮 17. 密切注視；留神；堤防 18. be fundamental to_____________________ 二、填詞 1. Opport

60、unities________________(存在) in our pany for e*perienced engineers. 2. The______________(氣氛)of the meeting is very friendly. 3. Remember to put the_______________(鏈子〕on the door when you lock it. 4. Fresh air is______________(根底的) to good health,so we should make every effort to improve air qualit

61、y. 5. There are many_________________(理論) about how the universe came into e*istence. 6. Dave was always cautious. IT was a________________ (謎) why he took a chance this time. 7. He was broken the world record of 100m, ________________(因此〕winning this first gold medal. 8. The new government prom

62、ised to improve the present health care ___________ (體系〕. 9. The hot________________(氣候〕here doesn’t agree with her. 10. The car________________(碰撞〕straight into a tree. 11. He found something__________________(漂浮〕on the lake which frighted him. 12. Man can’t__________________(生存〕without water.

63、 13. The nurse 〔gentle〕mopped(擦) the blood from the wound with a soft cloth. 14. He worked very hard, 〔接著〕he succeeded will do the construction. 15. The sandstorm〔產(chǎn)生〕a chain reaction(連鎖反響) which ended in a serious train crash. 16. Roman Catholicism〔天主教〕is one of the biggest 〔religious〕in the wo

64、rld. 17. There were reports that some people had been 〔阻止〕voting in the election. frightened her. 18. When SARS ______________〔爆發(fā)〕, fear spread out quickly all over the country. 19. With a __________ 〔violence〕kick(踢), the robber broke into the old man's house. 三、詞匯運(yùn)用 第一組： give birth to, in ti

65、me, for the first time, lay eggs , in turn 1. My sister________________a lovely baby last night,which made us very happy. 2. He lost a game__________________in two years. 3. Not all the animals on the earth produce young by_______________. 4.We students clean the classroom every day

66、_________________. 5. Although we met with some difficulty, we successfully pleted the project _____________. 第二組：now that,block out,get the hang of,watch out for,break out,cheer up 1.The man has a bad habit of telling lies.Please_______________ him now and then. 2. You look sad.! Everything will be all right soon. 3.he has graduated from university,he should learn to earn his living. 4. A violent quarrelbetween them on how to bring up their only child. 5. Afte