2018年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)藝體生專練:專題13 語法填空(三)——從句復(fù)習(xí)

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2018年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)藝體生專練:專題13 語法填空(三)——從句復(fù)習(xí)_第1頁
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1、 專題13 語法填空(三)——從句復(fù)習(xí) 方法與知識(shí) 藝體生在進(jìn)行了基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)之后,把重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)到:1.熟悉高考題型;2.梳理正確的做題方法和技巧;3.精選難度適中的訓(xùn)練題。 定語從句 命題規(guī)律 定語從句是高考的熱點(diǎn),對(duì)于定語從句考綱要求掌握以下內(nèi)容:1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞;2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞;3.限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別;4.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法;5.不定代詞/數(shù)詞+of which/whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句及其該結(jié)構(gòu)與并列句的判斷;6.關(guān)系詞之間的異同現(xiàn)象及選用。 定語從句基本考點(diǎn): (1)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 ①who,whom

2、,that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,其中whom只能作賓語。 ②which,that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。 ③whose用來指人或物,在定語從句中只作定語。 (2)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 ①關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。 需要特別注意:a. 當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞,如:point,situation,case,stage等,如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語,常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句;如果不作狀語,則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。b

3、. 先行詞為occasions,當(dāng)“時(shí)機(jī)”講時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞when;當(dāng)“場(chǎng)合”講時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞where。 ②the way后面的定語從句的關(guān)系詞。 在定語從句中,the way是一個(gè)比較特殊的先行詞,當(dāng)它在從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語時(shí),其后的關(guān)系詞可以是in which,that或省略;但是當(dāng)它在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語成分時(shí),其后的關(guān)系詞就用that或which。 (3)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 ① “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中的關(guān)系代詞只有whom(指人),which(指物) 和whose三個(gè)。 ② “復(fù)合介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句常與先行詞用逗號(hào)分開,定語從句常用倒裝語序。

4、③ “of+which/whom”表示所屬關(guān)系。(表所屬關(guān)系也可用whose) 需要特別注意:該考點(diǎn)考查的重點(diǎn)在于“用不用介詞”和“用什么介詞”。因此在答題時(shí)我們必須注意解題思路。可采用“先行詞還原法”將先行詞還原到從句中來確定正確的介詞,具體做法是:a. 把先行詞放在從句中,從句子的意思來判斷用不用介詞和用什么介詞。b. 注意從句中動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配。 (4)as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句 ① as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句 關(guān)系代詞as,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別: a. as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有時(shí)還可插入主句中,而whic

5、h引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后。 b. 當(dāng)非限制性定語從句放在主句前面時(shí),只能用as。注意此時(shí)與名詞性從句的互換。 c. as意為“正如……”,后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report,announce等;which意為“這一點(diǎn)”。 (5)定語從句中的主謂一致 ①關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語時(shí),從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致,先行詞是句子時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 ②“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”位于關(guān)系代詞前作先行詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語,從句的動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù),但當(dāng)one前有the, the only, the ver

6、y等修飾時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。 名詞性從句 命題規(guī)律 名詞性從句是高考的熱點(diǎn),對(duì)于名詞性從句考綱要求掌握以下內(nèi)容:掌握主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句的基本用法,了解同位語從句的基本用法。要求考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考中應(yīng)該掌握名詞性從句的基本用法;一些易混引導(dǎo)詞的辨析;句子的語序、否定前移;名詞性從句和定語從句、狀語從句的辨析等。 名詞性從句基本考點(diǎn): (1)名詞性從句的連接詞 ①連接詞that,whether和if I. 這三個(gè)連詞在句中只起連接作用,不作句子成分,that本身無意義,有時(shí)可省略,whether和if本身有意義,均不能省略。that和whether可以連接所有的名詞性從

7、句,而if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句或不在句首的主語從句。 II. whether與if的用法比較 二者均可作“是否”講,都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以互換。 在下列情況下,常用whether,不用if:a. whether引導(dǎo)從句可以放于句首。b. whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句,if不可。c. whether可以作介詞賓語,if則不可。d. whether后可以加不定式,if不可。e. 可以用whether...or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“無論,不論”,if則不可。 ②連接代詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞有:who,whom,whose,what,whic

8、h,whatever,whichever,whoever。連接代詞在句中既起連接作用,同時(shí)又充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語等成分。 ③連接副詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接副詞有:when,where,how,why。連接副詞在句中既是連接詞,又作狀語。 (2)主語從句 ①主語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語,大多數(shù)主語從句都可以用it作形式主語而把主語從句置于句尾。 ②that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)可用it作形式主語,that不可?。粀hat引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“……的東西”時(shí),一般不用it作形式主語;whatever,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主語。 I. It+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞(

9、necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,normal等)+that從句 II. It+be+名詞(短語)(a pity,a shame,good news,a fact,an honour,a wonder,no wonder等)+that從句 III. It+be+過去分詞(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,well-known,

10、announced等)+that從句 IV. It+特殊動(dòng)詞(seem,appear,happen,matter)+that從句 注意:a. 在“It is necessary,important,strange,natural+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句常用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”形式。 b. 在“It+be+suggested,advised,ordered,requested,insisted,required+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,that從句應(yīng)用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。 (3)賓語從句 在句中起賓語作用的從句稱為賓語從句。賓語從句可分為三類:動(dòng)詞的賓語從句、介

11、詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。 ①動(dòng)詞的賓語從句 I. 大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞(hope,tell,say,know,think,consider,imagine,hear,expect,suppose,guess等)可以帶賓語從句。 注意:在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,有時(shí)謂語盡管是否定意義,卻不用否定形式,而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?,這一現(xiàn)象稱為否定前移。 II. 動(dòng)詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),則需要it作形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。 III. 有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語

12、從句時(shí)習(xí)慣上需要在賓語從句前加it。這類動(dòng)詞(詞組)有hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等。 ②一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 注意:a. where引導(dǎo)的從句有時(shí)也可用作介詞的賓語。 b. that引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞的賓語是很少有的,只有在except,in,but等介詞后偶爾可能用到。 ③sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等表示“情感”的形容詞后也可帶賓語從句。 (4)表語從句 在句中作表語的從句稱為表語從句。共分三類: ①主句的主語是idea,advice,suggesti

13、on,order,request,requirement等名詞時(shí),表語從句的謂語應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,即“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。 ②主語為名詞reason時(shí),表語從句中的連接詞要用that,而不用why或because。 ③because,as if,as though,as,like等連接詞也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。 (5)同位語從句 同位語從句是用以解釋說明某一名詞內(nèi)容和實(shí)質(zhì)的從句。 ①能接同位語從句的名詞有: belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,e

14、xplanation,information,thought等。 ②同位語從句一般用that引導(dǎo),但也可以用連接代詞(what,which,who)、連接副詞(when,where,why,how)或whether引導(dǎo)。 ③有時(shí)同位語從句不緊跟在它所說明的某個(gè)名詞后,而是被別的詞隔開。 (6)名詞性從句的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn) ①that通常不可省略的四種情況: I. 引導(dǎo)主語從句,that置于句首時(shí)不可省略。 II. 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí),引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略。 III. 在由it作形式賓語,that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,that也不可省略。 IV. 引

15、導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句時(shí),that也不可省略。 ②what與that的區(qū)別: what在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分并且具有特定含義“……的人(地方、東西)等”;that只起引導(dǎo)作用,在主語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分并且也沒有含義。 狀語從句 命題規(guī)律 考綱要求在復(fù)習(xí)狀語從句中掌握如下幾點(diǎn):1.全面掌握狀語從句的九大類別;2.根據(jù)歷年高考試題,對(duì)狀語從句的考點(diǎn)要進(jìn)行全面的歸納,在九大類別中的考查熱點(diǎn)中,重點(diǎn)把握在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步、比較、原因狀語從句的連詞運(yùn)用上;3.熟練運(yùn)用出現(xiàn)頻率較高讓步狀語從句和原因狀語從句;4.做好易混詞的辨析如:as, when, while等,時(shí)間狀語從句因?yàn)檫B接

16、詞容易出現(xiàn)在一些常用結(jié)構(gòu)里也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn);5. 掌握狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、省略;6.與其它從句、句型結(jié)合起來分析、辨析。 狀語從句基本考點(diǎn): (1)時(shí)間狀語從句 ① when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。 ② while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“與……同時(shí),在……期間”,從句常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 ③ as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“正當(dāng);一邊……一邊……;隨著”等意思,表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 ④ as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the

17、 instant,no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...和once這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,主句的動(dòng)作隨即就發(fā)生,常譯為“一……就……”。從句中用一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來時(shí)態(tài)。 注意:no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...的時(shí)態(tài)搭配:no sooner與hardly/scarcely后的句子謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),而than與when引導(dǎo)的句子謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。此外,當(dāng)把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時(shí),應(yīng)用倒裝語序。 ⑤before/sin

18、ce a. 表示“還未……就……;不到……就……;……才……;還沒來得及……就……”。 b. It will be+一段時(shí)間+before...“多久之后才……”。 c. since的常用句型:It is (has been) /was+一段時(shí)間+since(從句用一般過去時(shí)/過去完成時(shí)) ⑥until/till 主句為肯定句時(shí),謂語用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;主句為否定句時(shí),謂語用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 (2)地點(diǎn)狀語從句 ① 通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo),從句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。 ② 地點(diǎn)狀語從句在句首時(shí)常兼有抽象條件意味。 ③ where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句和定語從

19、句的區(qū)別。 where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句直接修飾動(dòng)詞,而在定語從句中where作為關(guān)系副詞要跟在表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞后面。 (3)條件狀語從句 ① 通常由if“如果”, unless“如果不;除非”,as (so) long as“只要”,in case (that) “結(jié)果,萬一”,once“一旦”,when“既然”等連詞引導(dǎo)。 ②由on condition (that),provided (that),providing (that) “倘若;假使”, supposing (that),in case“如果”等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。 (4)讓步狀語從句 ① 讓步狀語從句可由alth

20、ough,though,as,while,even if (though),whatever (wherever,whoever...),whether...or...,no matter who (when,what...) 等引導(dǎo)。 ② while作“盡管”講,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),往往放在句首。 (5)原因狀語從句和方式狀語從句 ① 原因狀語從句通常由because,since,as,now that,seeing (that),considering that等引導(dǎo)。 ② 方式狀語從句用來表示主句謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式,常由as“像……一樣”, as if (though) “似乎,

21、好像”等引導(dǎo)。 (6)目的狀語從句 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞主要有in order that,so that,for fear that “害怕,擔(dān)心發(fā)生某事”, in case “以防”等。從句中常用may,might,can,could,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 特殊句式 命題規(guī)律 從近幾年高考試題來看,特殊句式主要考查倒裝句、省略句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法。特殊句式比較雜亂,掌握起來有一定的難度。其中倒裝句是高考的熱點(diǎn),強(qiáng)調(diào)句是高考的難點(diǎn)。同時(shí),祈使句與陳述句的區(qū)別、省略與替代的合理運(yùn)用也是高考考查的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。近三年的高考題更加注重考查知識(shí)之間的交叉現(xiàn)象,如在考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的同時(shí)考查定語從句,

22、把省略、強(qiáng)調(diào)句與時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句的考查等融合在一起,考查考生綜合把握語言知識(shí)的能力。 特殊句式基本考點(diǎn): (1)倒裝句 ① 完全倒裝 a. 表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等置于句首時(shí),句子用完全倒裝。 b. 表語位于句首時(shí),其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+連系動(dòng)詞+主語”。 ② 部分倒裝 a. only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句,且放在句首時(shí)。 b. 否定副詞never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcel

23、y,rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首時(shí)。 c. 當(dāng)so/neither/nor位于句首時(shí),可將其后的部分謂語置于主語之前,構(gòu)成部分倒裝。 d. hardly...when...,no sooner...than...,not only...but also...等連接兩個(gè)句子且hardly,no sooner,not only位于句首時(shí),前一個(gè)句子用部分倒裝,后一個(gè)句子不倒裝。 e. 在so...that...和such...t

24、hat...句式中,如果so或such引導(dǎo)的部分位于句首時(shí),主句中的主語和謂語需要部分倒裝。 f. as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),可將表語、狀語或謂語動(dòng)詞提前,構(gòu)成倒裝。句式為:表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形+as/though+主語+其他。(though引導(dǎo)的從句也可用正常語序) (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 ① 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型是“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who+其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。 ② 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句只需將is/was提前;特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問詞+is/was+it+that從句”。 ③ 如果原句中含有“not...until”,在

25、強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語時(shí),將主句中的否定詞not連同狀語一起提前。 ④ do/does/did強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:do/does/did只能對(duì)謂語進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),且只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的肯定句中。 (3)省略 ①在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,若謂語部分含有be動(dòng)詞,而主語又與主句主語相同或主語是it時(shí),從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞常被省略。 ②I'm afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句,后面跟so與not分別等于肯定或否定,賓語從句可省去。 ③

26、不定式省略,單獨(dú)使用不定式符號(hào)to。 注意:用來代替動(dòng)詞不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞,常在be afraid/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后邊,但be動(dòng)詞后有助動(dòng)詞be 和 have時(shí),be 和 have不能省略。 【考例分析】 【例1】 He was very tired from?doing this for a whole day, ______?he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”? highe

27、r. 【解析】but 句中very happy與very tired是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,兩句間是逗號(hào)且沒有連詞,故填連詞but。 【例2】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too little.” 【解析】nor 并列連詞“neither…nor…”表示“既不…也不…”。 【例3】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-

28、year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop ______ sat at a table. 【解析】and 句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主語發(fā)出的兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作。 【例4】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ____

29、__ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. 【解析】who 引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中做主語,指人。 【例5】 One day, he came up with an idea ______?he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 【例6】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy

30、 would do. 【解析】what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中作do的賓語。 【例7】Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display. 【解析】where 句子+句子,中間必填連接詞;后句修飾前句,關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。 【例8】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ______ had been his teacher. 【解析】who/t

31、hat 代替an elder,引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中做主語。 【例9】Behind him were other people to ______ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. 【解析】whom 還原talk to sb.可知,用whom引導(dǎo)定語從句。 【例10】We understand this lesson best ______ we receive gifts of love from children. 【

32、解析】when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。 【例11】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ______ the bus arrived. 【解析】until/till 表示“一直到……”。 【例12】______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. 【解析】If 表?xiàng)l件。he thought…與he was wrong是兩個(gè)句子,沒有連詞。 【方法總結(jié)】如何判斷空格處應(yīng)填連接詞?

33、 (1) 并列連詞:如果空格在兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語之間,那么就可能填連詞。 (2) 主從復(fù)合句的連接詞:如果兩個(gè)句子之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào),那么一定是填引導(dǎo)從句的連接詞。 體驗(yàn)高考 [2016·四川卷] 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 The giant panda 1.________ (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 2.________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda wit

34、h a newborn baby.She was a very 3.________ (care) mother.For 25 days, she never left her baby,not even to find something 4.________ (eat)!She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 5.________ (enemy) that would try

35、to eat the little panda.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 6.________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 7.________ more than two years.By that time,the panda no longer neede

36、d 8.________ (it) mother for food.However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then, after two and a half years,the mother 9.________ (drive) the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby,10.________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent. [解

37、析] 1. is loved 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。大熊貓被全世界人們所喜愛。故此處使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 2. recently 考查副詞。根據(jù)句子意思以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)使用副詞recently表示“最近”。 3. caring/careful 考查形容詞。修飾名詞mother應(yīng)用形容詞;而care的形容詞可以是caring(體貼的)或careful(小心的)。 4. to eat 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處為動(dòng)詞不定式作不定代詞something的后置定語,指“可以吃的東西”。 5. enemies 考查名詞。natural enemies“天敵”,且此處應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 6.

38、When/If 考查連詞。當(dāng)/如果它哭……。 7. for 考查介詞。此處for表示一段時(shí)間。 8. its 考查代詞。此處表示“它的母親”,故使用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞mother。 9. drove 考查時(shí)態(tài)。此處敘述過去的事情,故用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。 10. and  考查并列連詞。此處兩個(gè)分句之間為并列關(guān)系,故使用and。 模擬新題精選 1. 【黑龍江省佳木斯市第一中學(xué)2018屆高三上學(xué)期第五次調(diào)研】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Peking Opera is being introduced to primary and

39、middle school students in an effort ___41___(promote) the traditional art to the younger generation in our country. Textbooks about Peking Opera were firstly compiled and published by People's Education Press in 2015. The textbooks for ___42___ (option) courses have been put on trial use in junior m

40、iddle schools in the Fengtai district and ___43___ (use) in middle schools across the city in the future. The textbooks ___44___ primary schools also will be rolled out. Since 2008, Beijing ___45___ (start) a program to provide opera training at dozens of primary schools. Peking Opera arose d

41、uring ___46___ rule of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. It flourished for decades in China and ___47___ its fame spread, it drew audiences in other countries, ___48___ (include) the United States and Japan. Yet over the years, its ___49___ (popular) faded away. While a significant number of peo

42、ple listened to radio productions of Peking Opera before the 1980s, generations ___50___ (bear) after that pursued pop culture over the traditional arts. 【答案】41. to promote 42. optional 43. used 44. for 45. has started 46. the 47. as 48. including 49. popular

43、ity 50. born 【解析】京劇是中國的國粹,然而,近年來,它的熱度開始消退。為了使年輕一代更好的傳承中國傳統(tǒng)文化,北京市將大力推進(jìn)京劇進(jìn)校園,京劇正在被引入中小學(xué)課堂。 42. 句意:目前這套初中版的京劇選修教材已在豐臺(tái)區(qū)初中階段試用,將在全市推廣。形容詞修飾名詞,答案為optional。 43. 句意:目前這套初中版的京劇選修教材已在豐臺(tái)區(qū)初中階段試用,將在全市推廣。根據(jù)句意可知答案為used。 44. 句意:同時(shí)小學(xué)版京劇教材也將適時(shí)推出。根據(jù)句意可知答案為for。 45. 根據(jù)Since 2008,可知句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),句子主語是Beijing,所以答案

44、為has started。 46. 句意:京劇形成于清朝(1644-1911)乾隆皇帝統(tǒng)治時(shí)期,隨著其聲名鵲起。此處表示特指,答案為the。 47. 句意:隨著其聲名鵲起,數(shù)十年來在中國盛極一時(shí),甚至吸引了不少來自美國、日本的外國觀眾。根據(jù)句意可知此處是as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,答案為as。 49. 句意:然而,近年來,它的熱度開始消退。its是形容詞性物主代詞,修飾名詞,答案為popularity。 50. 句意:出生于80年前的老一輩人中,有相當(dāng)一部分只能去聽一些京劇的音像制品,而80年以后的人們都漸漸只對(duì)流行文化感興趣,摒棄了傳統(tǒng)文化。此處是過去分詞做后置定語,答案為bo

45、rn。 2. 【重慶市南開中學(xué)2017屆高三上學(xué)期期中】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 A man walked into a bank in New York and asked for the loan(借貸)officer.He said he was going to Europe ___41___ business for two weeks and needed to borrow $5,000.The bank officer said the bank would need some kind of ___42___ (secure

46、) for such a loan.So the man ___43___ (hand) over the keys to a Rolls Royce parked on the street in front of the bank.Everything checked out,and the bank agreed ___44___ (accept) the car as guarantee for the loan.An employee drove the Rolls Royce into the bank’s underground garage and parked it ther

47、e. Two weeks ___45___ , the man returned,and repaid the$5,000 and the interest,which came to$15.41. The loan officer said,“We are very happy to ___46___ (have) your business,and this business has worked out very ___47___ (nice),but we are a little puzzled.While you were away, we checked you out an

48、d found that you are a multimillionaire.___48___ puzzles us is why you would bother to borrow $5,000 ? ” ___49___ (1augh),the man replied,“___50___ else in New York can I park my car for two weeks for about$15 ? ” 【答案】41. on/for 42. security 43. handed 44. to accept 45. later

49、46. have had 47. nicely 48. What 49. Laughing 50. Where 【解析】文章講述了一個(gè)聰明的富豪到銀行借了5000美元,而把車進(jìn)行抵押,這一舉動(dòng)引起了銀行的疑問,通過銀行的詢問才知道原來富豪是為了找到一個(gè)便宜的停車位才到銀行借錢的故事。 41. on/for考查固定搭配。句意:他說他要去歐洲出差要借5000美元。出差on/for business,故填on/for。 42. security考查名詞。句意:銀行的工作人員說對(duì)于這樣的貸款銀行需要某種擔(dān)保。擔(dān)保security。介詞of后邊用名詞,故

50、填security。 43. handed考查時(shí)態(tài)。文章是發(fā)生在過去的事情,用一般過去時(shí),故填handed。 44. to accept考查固定搭配。同意做某事agree to do something,是固定搭配,故填to accept。 45. later句意:兩周以后,在…之后later,故填later。 46. have had考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我們很高興有你的業(yè)務(wù)。業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),故填have had。 47. nicely考查副詞。句意:這項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)非常好。Nicely副詞作狀語,故填nicely。 49. Laughing考查動(dòng)詞i

51、ng形式。句意:男人笑著回答說:“在紐約別的什么地方我能把車停兩周而只需15美元呢?”動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語,故填Laughing。 50. Where考查疑問副詞。句意:男人笑著回答說:“在紐約別的什么地方我能把車停兩周而只需15美元呢?”where引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句,在句子中作地點(diǎn)狀語。故填Where。 3. 【安徽省皖西南名校2018年高三階段性檢測(cè)聯(lián)考】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a getting. It was not until i

52、n my later thirties____41____ I made this important discovery: giving away things ____42____ (make) life so much more exciting. One discovery I made about giving away is that it is almost ____43____ (possibility) to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return o

53、ften comes in ____44____ unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered a letter to my home, though it ____45____ (address) to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of ____46____ (appreciate). More than a year later I needed a post office box for a new business I was s

54、tarting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes ____47____ (leave), and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us a letter a year ago about ____48__

55、__ (deliver) a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you are ____49____ (certain) going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know ____50____ a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints. 【答案】41. that 42. makes 43.

56、impossible 44. an 45. was addressed 46. appreciation 47. left 48. delivering 49. certainly 50. what 【解析】文章主要講述了作者通過一件事明白了給予事物讓生活更令人興奮。 41. 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意:直到我三十多歲的時(shí)候,我才發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。It was not until…that…直到...才...根據(jù)題意,故填that。 42. 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:給予事物讓生活更令人興奮?!癵iving away things”動(dòng)名詞

57、作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)。根據(jù)題意,故填makes。 44. 考查不定冠詞。句意:我的一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是,在這個(gè)世界上,如果沒有回報(bào),幾乎不可能放棄任何東西。根據(jù)題意,故填an。 45. 考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:一個(gè)星期日的早晨,當(dāng)?shù)剜]局給我的家發(fā)了一封信,盡管那封信地址是我的辦公室。be addressed to在(信封和包裹)上寫姓名地址;致(函)。根據(jù)題意,故填was addressed。 46. 考查名詞。句意:我寫了一封感謝信給郵局局長(zhǎng)。介詞of后使用名詞。根據(jù)題意,故填appreciation。 47. 考查過去分詞作定語。句意:在窗口我被告知沒有箱子了。boxes與lea

58、ve之間處于被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故使用過去分詞作定語。根據(jù)題意,故填left。 48. 考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:是不是你一年前給我們寫了一封信,遞送到你家?介詞about后使用動(dòng)名詞。根據(jù)題意,故填delivering。 50. 考查賓語從句。句意:你不知道那封信對(duì)我們意味著什么。由what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。根據(jù)題意,故填what。 4. 【浙江省七彩聯(lián)盟2018屆高三上學(xué)期期中】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Memories of past events provide us with a wide range of thoughts, feelings

59、and emotions. Childhood memories often open ___36___ window to laugh and cry. In the smiling summer nights of my childhood, I often lay ___37___ (anxious) awaiting the early hours of morning to arrive. When the first rooster made its rumble (喧鬧聲), I woke up and went out with a torch in my hand to al

60、l the mango orchards in my neighborhood ___38___ (pick) up the ripe mangoes that had fallen the previous night. The last stop of this joyful gathering would be my home. ___39___ a basketful of mangoes of the night and a heart of contentment, I would return and make a ___40___ (pride) display of my g

61、athering before my ___41___ (sister) as they woke up. It hardly ___42___ (matter) whether we ate any mango. The mango picking had more fun than ___43___ (eat) the mangoes. Often the mangoes rotted in the basket. I have often thought ___44___ many little luxuries (奢侈) we make in life have something

62、to do with this mango picking. Many desired purchases now lie as ruined possessions in my home coated in dirt and dust. The desire for ___45___ (they) has disappeared with the attainment of it. 【答案】36. a 37. anxiously 38. to pick 39. With 40. proud 41. sisters 42. mattered

63、 43. eating 44. that 45. them 【解析】作者回憶了自己兒時(shí)去采摘芒果的經(jīng)歷,感悟生活中有許多事情像采摘芒果一樣,得到后就失去了對(duì)它們的渴望。 36. 考查冠詞。童年回憶打開了一扇或哭或笑的窗戶。泛指“一扇窗戶”,且window的首字母發(fā)音是輔音,所以填不定冠詞a。 37. 考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞awaiting,用副詞,所以填anxiously。 38. 考查不定式。表示目的“為了采摘熟透的芒果”,所以用不定式,填to pick。 39. 考查介詞。表示“帶著一籃子芒果和滿心的滿足”,所以填with。 40. 考查形容詞。修飾名詞d

64、isplay,用形容詞,所以填proud。 41. 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。由they可判斷出是復(fù)數(shù)意義,所以用名詞復(fù)數(shù),填sisters。 42. 考查時(shí)態(tài)。表示發(fā)生在過去的事情,用一般過去時(shí),所以填mattered。 43. 考查v+ing形式。由前面的picking,可判斷出這里也用v+ing形式,所以填eating。 45. 考查賓格。介詞后面跟人稱賓格,所以填them。 5. 【湖北省荊州市2018屆高三上學(xué)期第一次質(zhì)量檢查】閱讀下面的材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Mobile Payments in China A foreigner s

65、cans the QR code to pay for snacks at a shop in Hangzhou on April 14, 2017. All vendors (小販) support mobile payments, and consumers can scan QR codes to pay through WeChat Wallet or Alipay. Using mobile payments is not forced by the market regulator, but done ___41___ (voluntary). “All use, and if y

66、ou do not, it means a ___42___ (lose).” A vendor said. The popularity of mobile payments in China also shocked neighboring nation Japan, when an online post stated a beggar even had to use the mobile payment QR code in China. It ___43___ (grow) into a lifestyle choice of Chinese following the rapid development of mobile payment services ___44___ (lead) by third-party payment companies so far. Mobile payments have not only become popular in large cities and urban areas, but also in the country’

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