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1、Unit 3 Language in use 一般過(guò)去時(shí)(二)一般過(guò)去時(shí)(二) 在上個(gè)模塊中,我們學(xué)過(guò)了be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式為was/were,那么行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是如何構(gòu)成的呢?帶有行為動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí),沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。請(qǐng)觀察下面兩個(gè)例句:Goldilocks picked some flowers.金鳳花姑娘摘了些花。She decided to go for a walk in the park with her basket. 她決定帶著她的籃子到公園里散步。例句中畫(huà)線的單詞都是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式形式。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式構(gòu)成方法各不相同,如下表: 1. 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)律
2、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)律變化規(guī)律動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式一般動(dòng)詞詞尾加-edlisten, clean,finishlistened, cleaned, finished 2. 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成之后的讀音規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成之后的讀音從上面我們可以看出規(guī)則動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成過(guò)去式之后都是以-ed結(jié)尾,但ed的讀音是不同的,分別有三種情況,即/t/,/d/,/Id/。以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-dlive, decide,arrive, movelived,decided,arrived,moved以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,y變?yōu)閕,再加-edcarry,hurry,worrycarried, hurried, wor
3、ried以元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母,再加-edstop, step,planstopped,stepped,planned(1)動(dòng)詞是由清輔音音素結(jié)尾的,加-ed之后,應(yīng)在原來(lái)的音標(biāo)之后加/t/。如:like/laIk/liked/laIkt/look/luk/looked/lukt/(2)動(dòng)詞是由濁輔音音素或元音音素結(jié)尾的,加-ed之后,ed應(yīng)讀/d/。如:clean/kli:n/cleaned/kli:nd/play/pleI/played/pleId/(1)動(dòng)詞是由清輔音音素結(jié)尾的,加-ed之后,應(yīng)在原來(lái)的音標(biāo)之后加/t/。如:like/laIk/li
4、ked/laIkt/look/luk/looked/lukt/(2)動(dòng)詞是由濁輔音音素或元音音素結(jié)尾的,加-ed之后,ed應(yīng)讀/d/。如:clean/kli:n/cleaned/kli:nd/play/pleI/played/pleId/(3)動(dòng)詞是由音素/t/或/d/結(jié)尾的,加-ed之后,ed應(yīng)讀/Id/。如:need/ni:d/needed/ni:dId/want/wnt/wanted/wntId/ 3. 行為動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句構(gòu)成行為動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句構(gòu)成如果要表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有做某事,則要用行為動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定形式。根據(jù)行為動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)律,可以判斷,行為動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)
5、的否定形式也要加助動(dòng)詞來(lái)構(gòu)成。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ)+didnt/did not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如:I didnt do the housework yesterday.昨天我沒(méi)有做家務(wù)。They didnt do their homework yesterday evening.昨天晚上他們沒(méi)有做他們的家庭作業(yè)。He didnt eat breakfast this morning.今天早上他沒(méi)有吃早飯。注意:助動(dòng)詞didnt(=did not)沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,適用于所有的人稱,后跟動(dòng)詞原形。帶有行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定形式與帶有行為動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定形式有所不同,前者的否定句有兩種情況
6、:(1)主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí):主語(yǔ)+dont/do not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。(2)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí):主語(yǔ)+doesnt/does not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。 4. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句(1)構(gòu)成帶有行為動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)變一般疑問(wèn)句同一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的一樣,也是通過(guò)在句首加助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。不同的是,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞用do/does,一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞用did。然后把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由過(guò)去式還原成動(dòng)詞原形,并在句末加問(wèn)號(hào)。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)及其肯定與否定回答:Did+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主語(yǔ)+did.否定回答:No, 主語(yǔ)+didnt.如:I did
7、 my homework at home yesterday evening.昨天晚上我在家里做我的家庭作業(yè)。Did you do your homework at home yesterday evening?昨天晚上你在家里做你的家庭作業(yè)嗎?回答:Yes, I did./No, I didnt.是,我做了。/不,我沒(méi)做。【話題呈現(xiàn)】【話題呈現(xiàn)】 本模塊以“故事”為話題,這一話題是學(xué)生們非常感興趣的話題,本模塊的內(nèi)容旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力和想象力,并在學(xué)習(xí)中學(xué)會(huì)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。本話題也是模塊測(cè)試和中考??嫉脑掝}作文之一?!炯丫渌C萃】【佳句薈萃】We
8、went to the museum yesterday.昨天我們?nèi)チ瞬┪镳^。Lucy went to school without having break-fast. 露西沒(méi)吃早餐就去上學(xué)了。I was almost lost in the forest yesterday.我昨天差點(diǎn)就在森林迷了路。The man looked around and then left in a hurry.那個(gè)人向四周看了看,然后匆匆離開(kāi)了。Once upon a time, there was a little girl called Goldilocks.從前有一個(gè)名叫金鳳花的小女孩。She liv
9、ed near a big forest. 她住在一片大森林附近。Then she noticed a little house, so she hurried towards it, and knocked on the door.然后她注意到了一所小房子,于是就急匆匆地朝房子走去,并敲了敲門。Goldilocks entered the house and looked into a small room.金鳳花進(jìn)入房子,并往一個(gè)小房間里面看了看。Finally, she tried the small chair.最后,她試了試那把小椅子。They didnt notice Goldil
10、ocks at first.開(kāi)始的時(shí)候他們沒(méi)注意到金鳳花。Goldilocks jumped out of bed and hurried out of the house without her basket.金鳳花從床上跳下來(lái),沒(méi)拿籃子就匆匆沖出了屋子。【寫(xiě)作任務(wù)】【寫(xiě)作任務(wù)】 請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列表格提示的信息,用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文,講述Lingling上周末的活動(dòng)。 要求:(1)語(yǔ)句通順,語(yǔ)意連貫,內(nèi)容完整;(2)文章必須包含以上表格所有提示信息,可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮;(3)詞數(shù):60詞左右;(4)文章開(kāi)頭部分已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 SaturdaySundayMorning Do her homeworkS
11、tudy for the English testAfternoonHelp her mother wash clothesPlay badminton with her friendsEveningRead a storybookPlay computer gamesLingling was busy last weekend. . . . . .【范文展示】Lingling was busy last weekend. . . . . . . . . . On Saturday morning she did her homework. In the afternoon she helpe
12、d her mother wash clothes. She felt a little tired. In the evening, she read a storybook. She likes reading very much. On Sunday morning she got up early and studied for the English test. Then she played badminton with her friends in the afternoon. She had a great time. In the evening she played computer games. She was very happy on the weekend.【升格點(diǎn)撥】 本文作者寫(xiě)作時(shí)按照如下思路進(jìn)行:1. 開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)題:玲玲上周末很忙;2. 具體敘述周末所做的事情。作者按照時(shí)間順序,逐條敘述;3. 作者在敘述事情時(shí)還適當(dāng)增加了細(xì)節(jié),以充實(shí)文章內(nèi)容。