高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第四部分 寫作訓(xùn)練 專題三 概要寫作課件

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1、專題三概要寫作專題三概要寫作怎么考概要寫作主要包含閱讀和寫作兩個(gè)過程，要求考生在閱讀過程中，準(zhǔn)確地把握文章大意，弄清不同體裁的文章內(nèi)部之間的邏輯關(guān)系，提取文章要點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵詞或詞組。英語概要寫作的寫作過程是建立在閱讀原材料基礎(chǔ)之上的，其寫作過程要根據(jù)閱讀時(shí)列出的提綱，清晰、準(zhǔn)確、簡潔地呈現(xiàn)原文的主旨。怎么學(xué) 考生除了平時(shí)要積極閱讀，特別是一些議論文或說明文文體的300詞左右的英語文章并練習(xí)概要寫作之外，還需要儲(chǔ)備一些常用的英語表達(dá)和英語句式。如開頭句式?？梢圆捎萌缦戮涫剑篢his study/paper/article is aimed at/conveys the message that/ma

2、inly deals with the fact that/focuses on the topic that.等；可以用來表達(dá)結(jié)尾的句式有The result shows that/The writer found that/It was concluded that/We can draw the conclusion that/At last，we can know that.等?？傊?，考生需要平時(shí)積累一些常規(guī)的議論文或者說明文的豐富多彩的句式，以備不時(shí)之需。怎么寫在具體的寫作過程中，盡管所給文章的文體不同，但一般的概要寫作都有如下幾個(gè)步驟：1.閱讀。首先要通讀全文，對文章的體裁和大意有

3、所了解。閱讀時(shí)要快速地找到主題句，以便抓住中心，理解全文。有的文章主題句出現(xiàn)在開頭或結(jié)尾，很容易找到。有的文章中沒有主題句，考生要根據(jù)各段落的大意自己去總結(jié)?？忌€需根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容列出一個(gè)簡單的提綱，以便在寫作過程中不會(huì)遺漏要點(diǎn)，總結(jié)全面。2.寫出初稿。在寫作過程中，考生要注意詞數(shù)要求，不要對文章進(jìn)行復(fù)述或復(fù)寫，而是要使用精煉的句子概括文章的要點(diǎn)，可以引用所給閱讀材料中的重要詞語，但不可過多，否則便失去了概要的意義；考生還需謹(jǐn)記：概要應(yīng)該遵循所給閱讀材料的邏輯順序和結(jié)構(gòu)，必須全面、清晰地表達(dá)所給閱讀材料的信息，客觀、準(zhǔn)確地反映所給閱讀材料的真實(shí)意圖，不可隨意添加或增減內(nèi)容，也不可加入自己的觀點(diǎn)。

4、3.修正初稿。初稿完成后，要將其與所給閱讀材料核對一遍，看原材料中的要點(diǎn)是否在概要中都得到了體現(xiàn)，同時(shí)還需檢查句子是否有錯(cuò)誤，時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的使用是否正確，標(biāo)點(diǎn)、格式、大小寫是否有誤等。通過細(xì)致的修正與調(diào)整，力爭使文章在各個(gè)方面都萬無一失。下面以新考試說明中的樣題為例，分析概要寫作的題型特點(diǎn)。該題型要求考生基于所提供的一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。閱卷時(shí)將主要考慮以下內(nèi)容：1.對原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；2.應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性；3.上下文的連貫性；4.對各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Getting rid of dirt，

5、in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A

6、 particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry ，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learn

7、ing that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit(好處) of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt

8、is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War .Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Has

9、the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫學(xué)家)，encourages children to

10、 play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter(后者) position is gaining some ground._【寫作指導(dǎo)】本題要求考生寫出一篇英語短文的內(nèi)容概要?？忌紫葢?yīng)當(dāng)仔細(xì)閱讀原文，明確文體；再根據(jù)文體特征和寫作特點(diǎn)明確文章主題和要點(diǎn)。通讀全文可知，本文是一篇議論文，每段對應(yīng)一個(gè)要點(diǎn)。文章第一段提出論點(diǎn)：對于如何對待皮膚上的灰塵，人們有著不同的觀點(diǎn)；第二段對應(yīng)第二個(gè)要點(diǎn)：一些歐洲人相信皮膚上的灰塵有保護(hù)人體健康的作用；第三段對應(yīng)第三個(gè)要點(diǎn)：200年前，人們改變了觀念，認(rèn)為洗掉皮膚上的灰塵有

11、益于健康；最后一段對應(yīng)第四個(gè)要點(diǎn)：免疫學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)灰塵有益于健康。寫作時(shí)，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)全面呈現(xiàn)這些要點(diǎn)，確保不遺漏。在遣詞造句上，考生應(yīng)盡量使用較復(fù)雜句型和高級詞匯，還應(yīng)注意合理使用連接成分，以增強(qiáng)文章的邏輯性。此外，應(yīng)注意詞數(shù)，不要少于40詞或多于80詞。【參考范文】People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.(要點(diǎn)1)For a long time in history，people of some European countries，such as France，believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.(要點(diǎn)2) However，people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.(要點(diǎn)3)However，some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.(要點(diǎn)4)