高中英語必修2 unit5music 導(dǎo)學(xué)案

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1、Unit5 MusicPeriod 1 Warming up, Pre reading,Reading &Comprehending主編：林玉鳳 審核： 包科領(lǐng)導(dǎo):Name: Group: Class: Date：學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1.深入理解課文，培養(yǎng)快速閱讀，整體理解的能力。2.自主學(xué)習(xí)，合作探究:通過對(duì)“門基樂隊(duì)”發(fā)展歷史的學(xué)習(xí)，增加對(duì)閱讀文章的理解。3.通過學(xué)習(xí)文章了解更多的音樂種類和樂隊(duì)類型，激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)音樂更加濃厚的興趣。重點(diǎn)：獲取The Monkees 組合發(fā)展歷程的信息?？焖匍喿x找出各段主題句和精讀課文完成表格填空等。 難點(diǎn):通過閱讀更好地發(fā)展各種閱讀技巧。訓(xùn)練用英語獲取信息、處理信息、

2、分析問題和解決問題的能力。 預(yù)習(xí)案使用說明&方法指導(dǎo) 1. 在預(yù)習(xí)時(shí)把課文通讀兩遍，第一遍通讀課文完成限時(shí)閱讀表層理解題，第二遍通讀全文并勾畫文章中的重難點(diǎn)。完成時(shí)間30分鐘。背景展現(xiàn)1、 Different types of music:Folk music: It has been passed down from one generation to another. These songs were about the country life, the seasons, animals and plants, and about love and sadness in peoples

3、lives.Pop music: It is a kind of modern music with a strong beat and not of lasting interest, especially just favored for a short time by younger people.RocknRoll: It is also called rock and roll, a kind of modern music with strong beat, played loudly on electrical instruments, in which the singer r

4、epeats the same few simple words.Jazz: Jazz was born in the USA around 1890. It came from work songs sung by black people and had its roots in Africa. Jazz started developing in the 1920s in the southern states. Soon it was played by white musicians too, and reached other parts of the USA. 2、 The in

5、troduction of the band the MonkeesThe Monkees was a four-person band that appeared in an American television series of the same name, which ran on NBC from 1966 to 1968. The Monkees was formed in 1965 in Los Angels, California and disbanded in 1970. At their peak they were one of the most popular mu

6、sical acts of their time. The Monkees last worked together for a brief period in 2001. 教材助讀一、一輪閱讀做題目限時(shí)閱讀，完成表層理解題Read the passage and finish the following exercises.1. In the authors opinion, many people want to be part of a band because_.A. they want to sing or play musicB. they like famous musician

7、s C. they want to become rich and famousD. they know a band plays an important part in society2. Many musicians like to write and play their own music so they_.A. join a club B. form a bandC. live together D. sing in the streets3. At first the musicians sing in the streets in order to _.A. make them

8、selves sng better B. thank the passers-byC. become millionaires D. make some extra money4. What did the Monkees do on the TV show?A. They played jokes on each other and music.B. They told the people stories.C. They sang and danced.D. They taught the people music.5. How many years didnt the Monkees w

9、ork together after the band broke up?A. About 10 years. B. About 15 years. C. About 20 years. D. About 25 years.二、二輪閱讀找難點(diǎn)（一）、單詞1.音樂家 n. 2.假裝，假扮 Vt. 3、系上，附上v. 4.賺，掙得v 5.額外的 adj 6. folk adj 7.form adj 8.passer-by n 9.studio n 10.廣播 n&v （二）、短語1.夢(mèng)見，夢(mèng)想 _ 2.說實(shí)在的，實(shí)話說_3. 認(rèn)為有（重要意義），附上，系上_ 4. 用現(xiàn)金_5. break up_

10、 6. play jokes on _7. rely on_ 8. or so _探究篇質(zhì)疑探究-質(zhì)疑解題、合作探究探究點(diǎn)一 語片探究1.Complete the forms1）How do people get to form a band?Members_ studentsReasonsThey like to _ and _ music.PlacesThey practice their music in someones home.FormsThey may play to _ in the street or subway.ResultsThey can _some money. T

11、hey may also have a chance to dream of becoming famous. 2)How was the Monkees formed and became a real band?Beginning of the band It began as a _Style of the performanceThey played jokes as well as played music.First music and jokesMost of them were based loosely on the band called_Development of th

12、e bandThey started to play their own _and write their own songs like a real band. They _their own records and started touring and playing their own music.Changes of the bandThe band _ in about 1970, but _in the mid-1980s.2. 課文縮寫 There was a band that started _ quite a different way. It becomes as a

13、TV show. The musicians _ the band was formed played jokes _ others as well as _(play) music. Their music and jokes were based loosely _ the band _(call) “ The Beatles.” Their attractive performances were copied by other groups and their fans supported them fiercely. Each week the group called “ the

14、Monkees” would play a song or two_(write) by other musicians. Later on “ the Monkees” started to produce their own records, and began touring and _(play) their own music. They became even more popular than “ the Beatles”. _, the band broke _ in about 1970, but reunited in the mid-1980s. Period 2 Lea

15、rning about language主編 林玉鳳 審核 包科領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Name Group Class Date學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1.扎實(shí)掌握詞匯、句型與語法，提升自己的理解力、記憶力。2.自主學(xué)習(xí)，合作探究。學(xué)會(huì)分析與總結(jié)的方法，并能學(xué)以致用。3.激情投入，瘋狂記憶，體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)的快樂。重點(diǎn)：dream of, attach, form, rely on, familiar難點(diǎn)：長(zhǎng)難句分析使用說明&學(xué)法指導(dǎo) 1.借助詞匯精粹及長(zhǎng)難句分析，理解例句并嘗試總結(jié)知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu) 2.完成時(shí)間30分鐘重點(diǎn)詞匯 1. pretend vt.假裝pretend+n. 假裝、pretend to do sth.假裝做某事pre

16、tend that從句 假裝、pretend to be doing 假裝在做He pretended to know how to play the piano.她假裝知道怎樣彈鋼琴。He pretended to be doing homework when his mother came in.母親進(jìn)來時(shí)，他假裝在做作業(yè)。2.attach vt &vi .附上；系上；貼上；attach常與介詞to連用，構(gòu)成attachto附上；連接上; 認(rèn)為、有重要性Attach a recent photograph to your application form. 申請(qǐng)表上請(qǐng)貼一張近照。They

17、have attached a number of conditions to the agreement. 他們?cè)趨f(xié)議上附加了一些條件。Parents attach much importance to education. 父母都十分重視教育。3、form n.形狀，形態(tài)，外形；表格，形式 vt. (使)組成；形成；構(gòu)成；排列A plan began to form in his mind.一個(gè)計(jì)劃開始在他的腦海中形成。To apply for a job，you must fill in/out a form.申請(qǐng)工作要填表。He has formed the habit of gett

18、ing up early.他已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了早起的習(xí)慣。Japan is formed of four large islands.日本是由四個(gè)大島組成的。4. earn vt.賺；掙得；獲得（1）Do you know how much he earns a month?你知道他一個(gè)月賺多少錢嗎？（2）His achievement earned him respect and admiration. 5. to be honest (with you) 坦白說；老實(shí)告訴你(通常置于句首)be honest with sb.對(duì)某人說老實(shí)話；對(duì)某人坦誠It is honest of sb.to do

19、 sth.某人做某事是誠實(shí)的honestly/honestly speaking說實(shí)在的，說真的To be honest with you(=honestly speaking)，I dont agree with you. 對(duì)你說實(shí)話，我不同意你的看法。6. rely on依靠；信賴；指望Now that you are grown up，you should not rely on your parents.既然你長(zhǎng)大了，就不應(yīng)該依靠你的父母。The success of this project relies on everyone making an effort.本項(xiàng)目的成功有賴于諸

20、位一起努力。7. familiar adj.熟悉的；常見的；親近的（1）be familiar with 熟悉，通曉。其主語一般是指人的名詞，with的賓語是主語通曉的事情。Are you familiar with Chinese ancient history?你對(duì)中國古代史熟悉嗎？（2）be familiar to 為、所熟悉。其主語一般是人們所通曉的事物，to的賓語通常是指人的名詞。The voice on the phone sounded familiar to me.電話里的聲音我聽起來很熟悉。重點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)難句分析1. Have you ever dreamed of playing

21、in front of thousands people at a concert at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?你是否曾經(jīng)夢(mèng)想過在音樂會(huì)上面對(duì)成千上萬的觀眾演唱，觀眾欣賞你的歌唱為你鼓掌呢？(1) dream of 夢(mèng)見；夢(mèng)想；設(shè)想The girl dreamed of a handsome prince.那個(gè)女孩夢(mèng)見了一位英俊的王子。 That man never dreamed the boy to be his nephew.那個(gè)人做夢(mèng)也沒想到那個(gè)男孩是他的外甥。 (2) “at which”是“介詞

22、+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句?！敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，介詞的賓語只能用which(指物)和whom（指人），即：介詞+whichwhom，且關(guān)系代詞不可省略。2.They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practicing their music in someones house is the first step to fame. 他們開始可能是一群中的學(xué)生，對(duì)他們來說，在某個(gè)人家里排練音樂是成名的第一步。（1）practicing their music in someones house是動(dòng)名詞的形

23、式，在for whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作主語，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Being able to read in English gives you much more choices. 會(huì)讀英語給你更多選擇。（2）動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)，通常表示泛指的、經(jīng)常性的、抽象的動(dòng)作；而動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí)，多表示特指的、一次性的具體動(dòng)作。Being praised again and again in public made him feel embarrassed.在公共場(chǎng)合一次又一次被表揚(yáng)令他很不好意思。Its necessary to prepare for a job interview.工

24、作面試準(zhǔn)備很有必要。3. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music，most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. 音樂家們組成樂隊(duì)演奏音樂，還彼此打趣逗笑。這些玩笑和音樂大多都在模仿“甲殼蟲”樂隊(duì)。（1）【句法分析】most of which是“名詞/代詞介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)定語從句。此類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有：some/several/a few/a little/many/more/mostof which/whom等形式。There is a room

25、，the window of which faces the river.那兒有一間房子，窗戶朝著這條河。（2）play jokes on戲弄Who likes being played jokes on? 誰喜歡被戲弄呢？4. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.后來，他們可能在酒吧或者俱樂部里演出，這樣他們可以得到現(xiàn)金。performance n. 表演，演奏How wonderful the performance is! 這次演奏實(shí)在太精彩了。perform

26、 v 履行；表演；執(zhí)行They always perform their duties faithfully. 他們總是忠實(shí)地履行自己的職責(zé)。 Our team performed very well in the match yesterday.in cash 用現(xiàn)金；有現(xiàn)錢Id like to pay in cash. 我愿意用現(xiàn)金付賬。5. The band broke up about 1970，but happily they reunited in the mid1980s.樂隊(duì)在1970年左右解散了，但令人高興的是，他們?cè)?0年代中期又重組起來了。break up打碎；散開；解體

27、；結(jié)束；放假；分裂The meeting broke up at eleven oclock.會(huì)議在十一點(diǎn)散會(huì)。She has just broken up with her boyfriend.她剛剛和男朋友分手。He broke up under the stress.6. Above all，just have fun! 最重要的是一定要開心！Children need many things，but above all they need love. 孩子們需要很多東西，但最重要的是他們需要關(guān)愛。All in all, we had a good time.總的說來，我們玩的很痛快。O

28、f course I admire himafter all，he is a great writer.我當(dāng)然欽佩他畢竟他是一位偉大的作家。He helped me a lot but I didnt know him at all. 他幫了我很多忙，可我根本不認(rèn)識(shí)他。合作探究總結(jié)用法1. pretend 后帶的動(dòng)詞有不同的形式:pretend to _假裝在做pretend to _假裝做了 2. attached aadj. 依戀；附屬于be attached to附屬于；依戀 辨析attach joinconnectattach把小的東西附著于大的東西上join表示兩樣?xùn)|西連接在一起co

29、nnect把相對(duì)獨(dú)立的東西連接在一起 _ the printer to the computer.把打印機(jī)連在電腦上。We _ hands and danced.我們手牽手跳舞。3.form短語歸納：form the habit oftake the form ofin goodgreat formout of form 4.歸納：（2）句中earn的意思是：_earn sb sth 使某人掙得某物,獲得某物_=make ones living謀生6. rely用法歸納：rely on/upon sb./sth.指望某人/某事rely on sb. to do sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人

30、會(huì)做某事rely on ones doing sth.指望某人做某事，相信某人會(huì)做某事rely on it that.相信，指望1. 歸納：dream的過去式和過去分詞相同，既可以是_,也可以是_.dream 接_,_,_等作賓語，也可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語?；仡櫋瓣P(guān)系副詞和介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句中perform的意思是:_歸納拓展：perform an operation_put ongive a performance_perform ones promise_4. 句中break up的含義是：_ break 短語歸納：break away_break down_brea

31、k into_break off_break out_all 用法歸納：after all_in all _at all_first of all_all in all_. 課后學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)1. 牢記本節(jié)課所學(xué)的詞匯、用法及其例句2. 完成訓(xùn)練案Period 3 Using language主編 林玉鳳 審核 包科領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Name Group Class Date學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1.扎實(shí)掌握寫作的要領(lǐng)，學(xué)會(huì)寫表示提供建議的英文郵件。2.自主學(xué)習(xí)，合作探究。學(xué)會(huì)分析與總結(jié)的方法，并能學(xué)以致用。3.體驗(yàn)寫作的快樂。重點(diǎn)：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 難點(diǎn)：寫作的完成使用說明&學(xué)法指導(dǎo) 1.復(fù)習(xí)所有學(xué)過的定語

32、從句的類型，并加深鞏固“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。 2.總結(jié)歸納難點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)一、 語法聚焦“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句是我們學(xué)習(xí)定語從句的重點(diǎn)，也是高考的常考點(diǎn)。使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意的問題：1. 關(guān)系代詞的選用：在介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞一般只用which（指物）和whom（指人）。 The person to _I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2.介詞的位置：介詞一般放在關(guān)系代詞which和whom之前，但也可以放在原來的位置上。 This is the man from whom I learne

33、d the news.=This is the man (_) I learned the news from.3.介詞的選擇：介詞的選擇通常由以下幾個(gè)方面所決定。（1）動(dòng)詞短語 The man _ whom our teacher shook hands just now is Mr. Zhang.該句中shake hands with sb是固定短語，意思是“同、握手”。（2）先行詞 This is the way _ which we worked out the problem. the way作先行詞，意為“方法”，和介詞_連用。（3）句意The desk _ which I put

34、 my bag is made of wood.我放書包的那張桌子是木制的。根據(jù)句子的意思“放在桌子上”，所以用介詞_，如表示“放在桌子里面”，則應(yīng)用介詞_。自主檢測(cè)1.（2010.上海卷）Wind power is an ancient source of energy_ we may return in the near future.A. on which B by which C. to which D. from which2. The house _ I grew up has been take down and replaced by an office building.A

35、in it B in C in that D in which3.（2011浙江杭州期末）We went through a period_ communications were very difficult in the countryside.A which B in which C whose D with which4. （2011福建福州期末）There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A the larger B the larger of which C the larger one that D t

36、he larger of them5. （2011甘肅蘭煉期末）We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy.A that B which C what D whom6.The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see what was going on inside the house.A on which B at which C through which D in which 7. There are more than 50

37、students in each class, _ are girls.A half of them B half of which C half of whom D and half of whom8.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _ there wont be much work.A were B that C by which D without which9. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _New York is

38、 an example.A for which B in which C of which D from which 10The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D.for which11. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real n

39、ameB. what his real nameC. his real nameD. whose real name 12. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. ItB. As C. ThatD. What13The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. Ain thatBfor tha

40、tCin whichDfor which14What surprised me was not what he said but he said it. Athe way Bin the way that Cin the way Dthe way which 15. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. A. from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this探究案一、寫作探究假設(shè)你叫李華，欲與來自本校不同班級(jí)的另外4名同學(xué)組建一支樂隊(duì)，但缺乏經(jīng)

41、驗(yàn)，請(qǐng)就以下情況或問題給知名音樂人卡曾斯（Cousins）先生發(fā)一封電子郵件，以尋求幫助。 1. 成員中有三名男生和兩名女生，均喜歡流行音樂與現(xiàn)代舞蹈； 2. 每周周末排練是否足夠？初期演唱的音樂宜多元化還是一種風(fēng)格？ 3. 怎樣獲得較多的表演機(jī)會(huì)？ 4. 希望他能為樂隊(duì)取個(gè)名字。注意：1. 詞數(shù)：100左右；2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫；3. e-mail的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Dear Mr. Cousins,Since you are a well-known musician,._ _ Best wishes! Yours sincerely, Li Hua必修2 U

42、nit5 Music 導(dǎo)學(xué)案 Period4 Revision主編：林玉鳳 審核： 包科領(lǐng)導(dǎo):Name: Group: Class: Date：學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):1.扎實(shí)掌握本單元的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),提升自己的理解力、運(yùn)用能力.2.自主學(xué)習(xí),合作探究;學(xué)會(huì)循環(huán)復(fù)習(xí),牢固掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí).3.小組學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)會(huì)不同音樂類型的英語表達(dá)，增強(qiáng)興趣。重點(diǎn):本單元的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)及“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句用法難點(diǎn):1.本單元的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)及定語從句的熟練運(yùn)用。 2.如何做到激情投入,高效學(xué)習(xí)并體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)的樂趣.一、重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展1._(vt&vi) 滾動(dòng)；（使）搖擺 2_(adj)民間的 3._（vt）假裝 4._(n)音樂家5.

43、_（vt）組成，形成 6._(v)系上，縛上，連接7._ (n)工具；樂器 8._ (n)過路人；行人9._ (adj)幽默的；詼諧的 10._ (adj)額外的；外加的11. _ (adj)敏感的；易受傷害的12. _(n)工作室13. _ (adj)吸引人的 14. _(adj)熟悉的；常見的15. _(n)音樂_ (adj)音樂的；有關(guān)音樂的16. _（vt）吸引_(n)魅力；吸引人之事物17. _（vt）賺；掙得_(n)所得；收入工資18. _(n)男演員；行動(dòng)者_(dá)(n)女演員19. _（vt& vi）表演；履行；執(zhí)行_(n)表演者；行為者二、 重點(diǎn)短語1._of(about)夢(mèng)想；夢(mèng)

44、見 2.play _ on戲弄；搞惡作劇3.in _用現(xiàn)金 4._ on依賴；依靠5.to be _老實(shí)說；說實(shí)話 6. or _大約；在、左右7._ all 最重要；尤其 8.in _ 另外；也9._ out加以分類 10.beget _ with熟悉11._ up 分解；驅(qū)散；破裂 12._.to認(rèn)為有（重要性；意義）三、 重點(diǎn)句子（根據(jù)中文，完成下列句子，一空一詞）1.文 - 漢語漢字 編輯詞條文，wen，從玄從爻。天地萬物的信息產(chǎn)生出來的現(xiàn)象、紋路、軌跡，描繪出了陰陽二氣在事物中的運(yùn)行軌跡和原理。故文即為符。上古之時(shí)，符文一體。古者伏羲氏之王天下也，始畫八卦，造書契，以代結(jié)繩(爻)之政

45、，由是文籍生焉。-尚書序依類象形，故謂之文。其后形聲相益，即謂之字。-說文序倉頡造書，形立謂之文，聲具謂之字。-古今通論(1) 象形。甲骨文此字象紋理縱橫交錯(cuò)形。文是漢字的一個(gè)部首。本義:花紋;紋理。(2) 同本義 figure;veins文，英語念為:text、article等，從字面意思上就可以理解為文章、文字，與古今中外的各個(gè)文學(xué)著作中出現(xiàn)的各種文字字形密不可分。古有甲骨文、金文、小篆等，今有宋體、楷體等，都在這一方面突出了文的重要性。古今中外，人們對(duì)于文都有自己不同的認(rèn)知，從大的方面來講，它可以用于表示一個(gè)民族的文化歷史，從小的方面來說它可用于用于表示單獨(dú)的一個(gè)文字，可用于表示一段話，

46、也可用于人物的姓氏。折疊編輯本段基本字義1事物錯(cuò)綜所造成的紋理或形象：燦若錦。2.刺畫花紋：身。3記錄語言的符號(hào)：字。盲。以害辭。4用文字記下來以及與之有關(guān)的：憑。藝。體。典。苑。獻(xiàn)（指有歷史價(jià)值和參考價(jià)值的圖書資料）。采（a文辭、文藝方面的才華；b錯(cuò)雜艷麗的色彩）。5人類勞動(dòng)成果的總結(jié)：化。物。6自然界的某些現(xiàn)象：天。水。7舊時(shí)指禮節(jié)儀式：虛。繁縟節(jié)（過多的禮節(jié)儀式）。8文華辭采，與“質(zhì)”、“情”相對(duì)：質(zhì)彬彬。9溫和：火。靜。雅。10指非軍事的：職。治武功（指禮樂教化和軍事功績(jī)）。11指以古漢語為基礎(chǔ)的書面語：552言。白間雜。12專指社會(huì)科學(xué)：科。13掩飾：過飾非。14量詞，指舊時(shí)小銅錢：

47、一不名。15姓。16 皇帝謚號(hào)，經(jīng)緯天地曰文；道德博聞曰文；慈惠愛民曰文；愍民惠禮曰文；賜民爵位曰文；勤學(xué)好問曰文；博聞多見曰文；忠信接禮曰文；能定典禮曰文；經(jīng)邦定譽(yù)曰文；敏而好學(xué)曰文；施而中禮曰文；修德來遠(yuǎn)曰文；剛?cè)嵯酀?jì)曰文；修治班制曰文；德美才秀曰文；萬邦為憲、帝德運(yùn)廣曰文；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不暴曰文；徽柔懿恭曰文；圣謨丕顯曰文；化成天下曰文；純穆不已曰文；克嗣徽音曰文；敬直慈惠曰文；與賢同升曰文；紹修圣緒曰文；聲教四訖曰文。如漢文帝。折疊編輯本段字源字形字源演變與字形比較折疊編輯本段詳細(xì)字義名1右圖是“文”字的甲骨文圖片，資料來源：徐無聞主編：甲金篆隸大字典，四川辭書出版社。1991年7月第一版。“文

48、”字的甲骨文字繪畫的像一個(gè)正面的“大人”，寓意“大象有形”、“象形”；特別放大了胸部，并在胸部畫了“心”，含義是“外界客體在心里面的整體影像、整體寫真、整體素描、整體速寫”。許慎說文解字把“文”解釋為“錯(cuò)畫也”，意思是“對(duì)事物形象進(jìn)行整體素描，筆畫交錯(cuò)，相聯(lián)相絡(luò)，不可解構(gòu)”，這與他說的獨(dú)體為文、合體為字的話的意思是一致的?！罢f文解字”這個(gè)書名就表示了“文”只能“說”，而“字”則可“解”的意思?！拔摹笔强陀^事物外在形象的速寫，是人類進(jìn)一步了解事物內(nèi)在性質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)，所以它是“字”的父母，“字”是“文”的孩子。“文”生“字”舉例（以“哲”為例）：先對(duì)人手摩畫，其文為“手”；又對(duì)斧子摩畫，其文為“斤”。

49、以手、斤為父母，結(jié)合、生子，其子就是“折”（手和斤各代表父母的基因）。這個(gè)“折”就是許慎所謂的“字”。“字”從宀從子，“宀”表示“獨(dú)立的房子”，子在其中，有“自立門戶”的意思。故“字”還能與“文”或其他“字”結(jié)合，生出新“字”來。在本例，作為字的“折”與作為文的“口”結(jié)合，就生出了新的字“哲”。2同本義 figure;veins文，錯(cuò)畫也。象交文。今字作紋。東漢許慎說文五章以奉五色。春秋左丘明左傳昭公二十五年。注：“青與赤謂之文，赤與白謂之章，白與黑謂之黼，黑與青謂之黻?！泵烙陧腠胛恼?。荀子非相茵席雕文。韓非子十過織文鳥章，白旆央央。詩小雅六月斑文小魚。明 劉基誠意伯劉文成公文集3又如：文駕（

50、彩車）；文斑（雜色的斑紋）；文旆（有文彩的旗幟）；文繡（繡有彩色花紋的絲織品；刺花圖案）；文織（有彩色花紋的絲織品）；文鱗（魚鱗形花紋）。4字，文字（“文”，在先秦時(shí)期就有文字的意思，“字”，到了秦朝才有此意。分別講，“文”指獨(dú)體字；“字”指合體字?；\統(tǒng)地說，都泛指文字。） character飾以篆文。南朝宋范曄后漢書張衡傳分文析字。東漢班固漢書劉歆傳夫文，止戈為武。左傳宣公十二年距洞數(shù)百步，有碑仆道，其文漫滅。王安石游褒禪山記文曰“天啟壬戌秋日”。明 魏學(xué)洢核舟記文曰“初平山尺”。5又如：甲骨文；金文；漢文；英文；文跡（文字所記載的事跡）；文書爻（有關(guān)文字、文憑之類的卦象）；文異（文字相異）

51、；文軌（文字和車軌）；文獄（文字獄）；文錢（錢。因錢有文字，故稱）；文狀（字據(jù)，軍令狀）；文引（通行證；路憑）；文定（定婚）。6文章（遣造的詞句叫做“文”，結(jié)構(gòu)段落叫做 “章”。） literary composition故說詩者不以文害辭。孟子萬章上好古文。唐 韓愈師說屬予作文以記之。宋 范仲淹岳陽樓記能述以文。宋 歐陽修醉翁亭記摘其詩文。清 紀(jì)昀閱微草堂筆記7又如：文價(jià)（文章的聲譽(yù)）；文魔（書呆子）；文會(huì)（舊時(shí)讀書人為了準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)試，在一起寫文章、互相觀摩的集會(huì)）；文移（舊時(shí)官府文書的代稱）；文雄（擅長(zhǎng)寫文章的大作家）；文意（文章的旨趣）；文義（文章的義理）；文情（文章的詞句和情思）；本文（所

52、指的這篇文章）；作文（寫文章；學(xué)習(xí)練習(xí)所寫的文章）；文魁（文章魁首）；文價(jià)（文章的聲價(jià)）；文什（文章與詩篇）。8美德；文德 virtue圣云繼之神，神乃用文治。杜牧感懷詩一首9又如：文丈（對(duì)才高德韶的老者的敬稱）；文母（文德之母）；文武（文德與武功）；文命（文德教命）；文惠（文德恩惠）；文德（寫文章的道德）；文薄（謂文德淺?。?；文昭（文德昭著）。10.文才；才華。亦謂有文才，有才華 literary talent而文采不表于后世也。漢 司馬遷報(bào)任安書11又如：文業(yè)（才學(xué)）；文英（文才出眾的人）；文采風(fēng)流（橫溢的才華與瀟灑的風(fēng)度）；文郎（有才華的青少年）；文彥（有文才德行的人）；文通殘錦（比喻剩下不多的才華）。12文獻(xiàn)，經(jīng)典；韻文 document;classics;verse儒以文亂法。韓非子五蠹言必遵修舊文而不穿鑿。說文解字?jǐn)?3辭詞句。亦指文字記載 writings;record。如：文幾（舊時(shí)書信中開