高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀與理解 語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)課件 牛津譯林版

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1、閱讀與理解閱讀與理解(7)(7)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)人們?cè)谏鐣?huì)上生活離不開(kāi)語(yǔ)言，語(yǔ)言是人們交流的最主要的工具之一，語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)是新課標(biāo)教學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容，也是高考的重點(diǎn)話題之一，如2013陜西卷閱讀理解D篇。Language is a way of enjoying a culture.All languages have unusual features special to the culture and by learning them you can enjoy the culture better because of your knowledge of the language.A person ca

2、n know a language technically and perfectly，but he or she would need to be able to speak like a native to truly enjoy the culture.Language is an important part at the mealtimeone only has to think of the word“cheers”to understand this.The word does not really mean anything as suchit has lost its ori

3、ginal meaning of wishing one good luck，and is now s i m p l y a c o m m o n p h r a s e t o h e l p t h e celebration.And although there are some phrases in most languages that are often not literal translations，the word itself is important，which helps a visitor to enjoy the culture rather than to w

4、atch from the outside.In many languages，the names of foods are also interesting to translate literally.And visitors should know these dish names and why they are called such，because if they do not and try to translate them literally，they may end up very confused indeed.For example，the Turkish dish I

5、mam Bayildi literally means the priest(牧師)fainted(暈倒)One idea to the origin of the name says the priest fainted upon tasting the food，and another is upon seeing the price of the olive oil that had been used.But one thing is for surea foreigner would need to know what the dish was as well as its lite

6、ral translation.Involving yourself in the culture and the language will help you enjoy the culture of the place you are visiting.Language is such a good means of communication that it can deliver all kinds of ideas, which are impossible to understand without a shared language.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】通過(guò)分析與論證，本文向讀者闡述了語(yǔ)

7、言學(xué)習(xí)和文化欣賞的重要關(guān)系，并通過(guò)一些例子論證了自己的觀點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)言是欣賞文化的重要途徑。一、閱讀與積累1攻克疑難詞匯feature n特征literal adj.字面的as well as也；又；和involve oneself in 積極參與The US has so far been extremely unwilling to involve itself in the civil war of Syria.直到現(xiàn)在美國(guó)仍然極不愿意卷入敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中。2攻克疑難句One idea to the origin of the name says the priest fainted upon t

8、asting the food，and another is upon seeing the price of the olive oil that had been used.結(jié)構(gòu)分析本句是并列復(fù)合句。句中says后為省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句；another相當(dāng)于another idea to the origin of the name，與one idea.相對(duì)應(yīng)，引出另一種說(shuō)法；upon seeing the price.前省略了與上文相同的the priest fainted；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞olive oil。嘗試翻譯關(guān)于這個(gè)名字的來(lái)源，一種說(shuō)法是牧師品嘗了這種

9、食物后暈了過(guò)去，另一種說(shuō)法是牧師看到這種食物所使用的橄欖油的價(jià)錢后暈了過(guò)去。二、理解與嘗試命題1理解文章主旨The passage mainly tells us the relationship between language learning and enjoying culture.2閱讀理解嘗試命題請(qǐng)你根據(jù)閱讀理解推理判斷題的特點(diǎn)，給下列試題寫(xiě)出干擾項(xiàng)，然后叫你同桌試做一下。We can infer from the passage that_.Alanguage is very important for understanding a cultureB_C_D_參考答案Blang

10、uage and culture are two different and separated partsCknowing languages technically and perfectly is enough for culture enjoyingDphrases nonliterally translated are not helpful for enjoying the culture3解題技巧點(diǎn)撥閱讀理解推理判斷題解題技法之二：綜合性推理判斷題綜合性推理判斷題通常圍繞文章的若干個(gè)段落或整個(gè)文章提出，如果單純只看文章中的某一個(gè)句子或段落都很難得出全面而準(zhǔn)確的答案，因此要綜合考慮

11、。在所給的選項(xiàng)中，有的是閱讀材料中的細(xì)節(jié)，并非推理；而有的推理，雖然在文章中可以找到依據(jù)，但只是從某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)或段落得出的內(nèi)容，而不能概括整篇的內(nèi)容要求，因此解答這類題目時(shí)一定要把所有的信息都綜合起來(lái)考慮，與整篇文章相吻合，而不只是與一個(gè)點(diǎn)相吻合。真 題 典 例(2012全國(guó)卷)At one point along an open road，I came to a crossing with a traffic light.I was alone on the road by now，but as I drove near the light，it turned red and I made a

12、stop.I looked left，right and behind me.Nothing.Not a car，no suggestion of car lamps，but there I sat，waiting for the light to change，the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.I started wondering why I refused to run the light.I was not afraid of being caught，because there was clearly

13、no policeman around，and there certainly would have been no danger in going thorough it. I was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night. Why was the author proud of himself? AHe kept his promise. BHe held back his anger. CHe followed his inclination. DHe made a right decision.答案D由

14、第二、三段作者在無(wú)人的十字路口的左顧右盼及后來(lái)的所思所想，再結(jié)合最后一段可知，作者在無(wú)人的十字路口遵守了交通規(guī)則，沒(méi)有闖紅燈，這個(gè)決定是正確的，因此，作者為此深感自豪。 學(xué) 以 致 用Seals may be able to detect fish up to 100m away using only their whiskers(須)，say scientists.Researchers used an artificial fish in their experiment, to create a“trail” in the water that a seal could detect.T

15、hey described how a trained seal，named Henry，was able to indicate whether the fish moved to the right or to the left.The study was led by Wolf Hanke of the Marine Science Center at the University of Rostock，Germany.He explained how the seal wore a blindfold (眼罩)and headphones during the experiment t

16、o ensure that it could only pick up waves created by the fish with its whiskers.“We had a small box in the pool to achieve calm water conditions，”he explained.“The seal stayed in the box.”Inside the box，the scientists created a trail with their artificial fish，which was actually a rubber fin(鰭)on a

17、stick that created a trail similar to the swimming motion of a real fish.They operated the fin from outside the box，moving it from left to right or from right to left.The seal responded to the movement by turning its head in the direction that the fin had moved.The seal was able to sense and indicat

18、e the direction in which the fin traveled up to 35 seconds after the movement had stopped.Dr Hanke believes that seals may also be able to“analyze”the structure of a trail to“work out”more about its source.He and his colleagues used different shapes of fin to create different water disturbances.“The

19、y seem to be able to find differences between different shapes，which might even mean they can make out different species of fish.We had a surprising result from an experiment with one seal following another，”he said.“The trail left by the first seal was two meters wide，and the second，following seal was able to stay right in the middle of it，so it seems they can analyze the internal structure of a trail.”We can draw a conclusion that seal whiskers are very _.Adull BsensitiveCsharp Dpoisonous答案B推理判斷題。結(jié)合第一段和最后兩段可推知，海豹的胡須非常靈敏。