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1、Module 6 Unit 1Grammar and usage Overview of tenses 1This_(be) our school. It_(lie) in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province. It_(build) since seven years ago.We_ (study) in this school for about one and a half years. We _(have) an English class now.islieshas been builthave been studyingare havingsimple pr
2、esentsimple presentpresent present perfectperfectpresent perfectpresent perfect continuous continuouspresent continuouspresent continuous presentpresentpresent present present present present present - TENSES RELATED TO PRESENT1.simple present 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 2.present continuous 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時 3.present per
3、fect 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 4.present perfect continuous 現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時 Overview of tenses 1:present tenses1.THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE1) Form構(gòu)成： do;does (am/is/are)2) Usage用法：We use it to talk about things that are true now.(現(xiàn)在情況現(xiàn)在情況) things that are always true.(客觀真理客觀真理)things that occur regularly.(經(jīng)常發(fā)生經(jīng)常發(fā)生)Fu
4、ture actions that are in an adverbial clause (在時間在時間,條件條件,讓步狀語從句中表示將來的動作讓步狀語從句中表示將來的動作)Future actions that are scheduled( 按按時刻表時刻表,日程表日程表 ) 3)與一般現(xiàn)在時連用的時間狀語：與一般現(xiàn)在時連用的時間狀語：often, usually, always, seldom, sometimes,every day, once a week, twice a week J J J J 一般現(xiàn)在時表不受時間限制的動作或狀態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時表不受時間限制的動作或狀態(tài).主要指自然規(guī)
5、主要指自然規(guī)律律,客觀真理客觀真理,格言或警句等。格言或警句等。eg. The teacher told us that light _(travel)faster than sound.例如：例如：Columbus proved that the earth _(be)round. is travelseg. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧熟能生巧 Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗驕者必敗此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 1.
6、My mother loves classical music. 2. My father visits his parents once a week. 3. When I was very young, my granny told me the earth is round and most rivers flow into seas and oceans. a.現(xiàn)在情況現(xiàn)在情況b.客觀真理客觀真理c.經(jīng)常發(fā)生經(jīng)常發(fā)生Please match:FOCUS ON:The exhibition _on May 1st and _ at the end of June. (open; clos
7、e)The plane _at 11:30 and _ in Shanghai at 1:20. (take off; arrive)_there a film on tonight? (be)在口語中，一般現(xiàn)在時常可表示按規(guī)定、在口語中，一般現(xiàn)在時?？杀硎景匆?guī)定、時間表、時間表、日程表日程表計劃或安排要發(fā)生的事情，常有一個表示計劃或安排要發(fā)生的事情，常有一個表示未來的時間狀語未來的時間狀語.多用于表示起始或移動意義的動多用于表示起始或移動意義的動詞。詞。begin, come, leave, start, arrive, go,open,close,take off, etc.openscl
8、osestakes offarrivesIs no matter what happensin case you get into difficultyTranslation :Ill give her the notebook_.Tell me_.He will keep the work _ _.當(dāng)她來時當(dāng)她來時when she comes在時間狀語從句中、條件狀語從句中、在時間狀語從句中、條件狀語從句中、讓步狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示讓步狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。將來發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。萬一你有麻煩萬一你有麻煩不管發(fā)生什么不管發(fā)生什么2.THE PRESENT C
9、ONTINUOUS TENSE1) Form構(gòu)成： am/is/are doing2) Usage用法：We use it to talk about actions that are happening or in progress now.(此刻此刻/現(xiàn)階段現(xiàn)階段)future actions that are already planned. （按按說話人說話人計劃或安排計劃或安排） repeated actions ,used with“always, constantly ,forever”usu.with a negative connotation.(與與always等連用表感情
10、色彩等連用表感情色彩) now, at present ,this weekJ J 注意注意She is leaving Shanghai for Guangzhou next weekThey are going abroad for holidays.leave, go, come, arrive, start, move，stop ,spend，stay etc.表示按說話人計劃安排打算將要發(fā)生的動作。多表示按說話人計劃安排打算將要發(fā)生的動作。多用于一些表示起始和移動等意義的動詞。例如：用于一些表示起始和移動等意義的動詞。例如：Translation:下周她將離開上海去廣州下周她將離開上
11、海去廣州他們將出國度假他們將出國度假表示滿意，稱贊，關(guān)切，抱怨，不滿等情表示滿意，稱贊，關(guān)切，抱怨，不滿等情感。常與感。常與always, forever, constantly 等詞連用。等詞連用。厭煩厭煩贊揚贊揚 抱怨抱怨/不滿不滿She is constantly changing her mindHe is forever complaining about his salaryHe is always helping people.Please match:3.THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE1) Form構(gòu)成 has/have done2) Usage用法：We
12、use it to talk about experiences that are repeated. (主語的經(jīng)歷主語的經(jīng)歷) things that happened in the past, but have an effect on the present.(過去發(fā)生影響現(xiàn)在過去發(fā)生影響現(xiàn)在 ) things that started in the past and are still happening now (過去發(fā)生延續(xù)至今過去發(fā)生延續(xù)至今)ever,never,twice,already, notyet, just,lately, recently, in recent ye
13、ars, since, for two years, during/in the past/last few years, from then on, so far, up to/till now3)現(xiàn)在完成時常與下列時間狀語連用：J J J 注意注意表示動作在過去完成，構(gòu)成主語的經(jīng)歷。表示動作在過去完成，構(gòu)成主語的經(jīng)歷。eg.I have been to the Great Wall three times. eg.This is the fourth time that I have seen the film. I like it very much.It/That/this is th
14、etime that S+have/has+donehave/has+done Thats the third time he has phoned her this morning.那是今天早上他第三次給她打電話那是今天早上他第三次給她打電話. . Its the first gold medal Ive had for ages. 這是多年來我獲得的第一塊金牌這是多年來我獲得的第一塊金牌.表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在的情況表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在的情況產(chǎn)生影響。產(chǎn)生影響。eg.Thank you. I have had my supper.eg.I have seen the film
15、. Have they found the missing child yet ?表示發(fā)生在過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。表示發(fā)生在過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。eg.The conference has lasted for five days.eg.We have known each other since we were children.*瞬間動作的肯定式一般不可與表示一段時間的狀瞬間動作的肯定式一般不可與表示一段時間的狀語一起用于現(xiàn)在完成時。瞬間動詞的否定式可以語一起用于現(xiàn)在完成時。瞬間動詞的否定式可以與表示一段時間狀語一起用于現(xiàn)在完成時。與表示一段時間狀語一起用于現(xiàn)在完成時。He has
16、 come here for two days. He has been here for two days. He has not come here for two days. 翻譯翻譯:你的車好漂亮你的車好漂亮.買多久了買多久了?Your new car is very smart. How long have you had it? He has been a soldier for two years. He has joined the army for two years.4.THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE1) Form構(gòu)成： has/h
17、ave been doing2) Usage用法：We use it to talk about actions that started in the past, have lasted up to now and will probably continue to happen.(過去發(fā)生過去發(fā)生,延續(xù)至今延續(xù)至今,還將繼續(xù)還將繼續(xù)) all day, the whole morning, for two weeks,3) 常與下列時間狀語連用:PRACTICE:All these years we _(設(shè)法設(shè)法) to get in touch with you.All along we
18、 _ (考慮考慮) coming to see you.have been tryinghave been thinking ofShe is very tired. She_(工作工作) all morning.has been working3.3.現(xiàn)在完成進行時比較生動，有時含有明顯的感情色彩，現(xiàn)在完成進行時比較生動，有時含有明顯的感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時往往只說明一個事實而現(xiàn)在完成時往往只說明一個事實, ,結(jié)果或影響，平鋪直結(jié)果或影響，平鋪直敘，沒有什么感情色彩可言敘，沒有什么感情色彩可言 （a） I have been wanting to meet you for long. （b）
19、 I have long wanted to meet you. （a）句比（）句比（b）句更親切，更有禮貌。）句更親切，更有禮貌。2.2.現(xiàn)在完成進行時往往表示動作在重復(fù)，現(xiàn)在完成時則現(xiàn)在完成進行時往往表示動作在重復(fù)，現(xiàn)在完成時則常常不帶重復(fù)性常常不帶重復(fù)性 . .Have you been meeting her lately？Have you met her lately？1.1.現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作延續(xù)現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作延續(xù), ,現(xiàn)在完成時側(cè)重最后結(jié)果現(xiàn)在完成時側(cè)重最后結(jié)果 They have been widening the road. They have widened t
20、he road.區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時 他們加寬了道路他們加寬了道路他們一直在加寬道路他們一直在加寬道路2006高考試題鏈接高考試題鏈接1. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more.A. hasnt lived B. didnt liveC. hadnt lived D. doesnt live2. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ rising these days.A. was keeping B. keepC. keep
21、s D. were keeping3. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage.A. will be repaired B. is repairedC. is being repaired D. has been repaired 4. The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is going B. goC. goes D. are going
22、5. -I dont suppose the police know who did it.- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now.A. has been questionedB. is being questionedC. is questioningD. has questioned6. My friend, who _ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.A. served B. is
23、servingC. had served D. has served7. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _.A. takes off B. is taking offC. has taken off D. took off8.I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _ on it for more than an hour.A. has been working B. will have workedC. wil
24、l have been working D. had worked9.Although the causes of cancer _, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.A. are being uncoveredB. have been uncoveringC. are uncoveringD. have uncovered10. The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now _ the matter.A. seeing t
25、hroughB. working outC. looking intoD. watching overCHECK THE ANSWERS(PAGE9 A):(1)am(2)have been writing(3)am looking(4)is(5)have been imagining (6)is(7)is making(8)has been planning(9)have designed(10)are printing(11)are going(12)is(13)hope(14)opensWho is he?He is Zhao BenshanWhat does he do?He is a
26、 comedian.What is he doing?He is performing. Make sentencesWhats this?Its the Great Wall in Beijing.Have you ever visited the Great wall?Yes, I have. I have visited it twice.No, I havent, but I have been looking forward to visiting it.Make sentencesDo you want to study in this university?Yes, we hav
27、e been expecting to study there for ages.Have you ever stood on this stage?No,but I have been looking forward to that day.Make sentencesCHECK THE ANSWERS(P9 B):I am performing at the Comedy Club tonight.I have been practising my jokes in front of the mirror for the last three hours.My family is coming to watch my show.I am nervous about the show.HOMEWORK 1. Review grammar and usage.2. Finish grammar-related exercises in workbook P102.
高中英語 M6 U1 grammar課件 牛津版選修6
