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1、語氣語氣英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助的語氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。句法形式）來表示。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣的概念 一、一、虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事事實
2、相反的實相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)與與過去過去相相反的假設(shè)反的假設(shè)與與將來將來相相反的假設(shè)反的假設(shè)If+主語主語+動詞的過去式動詞的過去式（動詞（動詞be用用were)主語主語+should,would,might,could動詞動詞原形原形If+主語主語+had +過去分詞過去分詞主語主語should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主語主語+動詞過去式動詞過去式2、If+主語主語+were to+ 動詞原形動詞原形3、If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原形主語主語should, would might, could動詞動詞原形原形EG:IF I HAD T
3、IME, I WOULD ATTEND THE MEETING. IF HE HAD HURRIED ,HE COULD HAVE CAUGHT THE TRAIN. IF I WERE TO GO ABROAD ,I WOULD GO TO AMERICA.如果我是你，我就會努力學(xué)習(xí)如果我是你，我就會努力學(xué)習(xí)如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就給他打電話了如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就給他打電話了如果明天下雨的話，我們會取消比賽如果明天下雨的話，我們會取消比賽If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.If I had known his tele
4、phone number, I would have called him.If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.More practice:使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點：使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點：當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為：所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為：錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句“，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整If you had followed my advice , you
5、 would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會痊愈了如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會痊愈了如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學(xué)生如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學(xué)生了了省略句省略句 在條件句中，可省略在條件句中，可省略 if，把，把were ,had, should 提到提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school a
6、gain, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運用二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運用（1）用于賓語從句）用于賓語從句、wish wish 后面的賓語從句中。后面的賓語從句中。
7、一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂其謂語動詞形式為：語動詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過去時表現(xiàn)在過去時表過去過去完成時表過去過去完成時表將來表將來would, might, could動詞原形動詞原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.2. 2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist, order, command,
8、 suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“講時，講時，insist 表示表示”堅持認為堅持認為“之意時，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。之意時，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied wi
9、th our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.他臉上的表情表明他對我們的工作很滿意他臉上的表情表明他對我們的工作很滿意那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢 在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用要用“should動詞原形動詞原形”should可以省略可以省略（2）用于表語從句和同位語從句）用于表語從句和同位語從句My idea is that we (sh
10、ould ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.A.在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：用： should + 動詞原形動
11、詞原形 1. 我們有必要出去散散步。我們有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 她這樣做是很自然的。她這樣做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. （3）虛擬語氣在）虛擬語氣在 在主語從句中在主語從句中B. 在在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.tha
12、t-clause句型中句型中從句用從句用(should )+動詞原型動詞原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中句型中從從句也常用句也常用(should )+動詞原型動詞原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 1. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或語動詞用過去式或should動詞原形，動詞原形，should不能省略不能省
13、略三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài) If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!3. would rather + 從句動詞用過去式或過去完成時從句動詞用過去式或過去完成時I would rath
14、er you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. 4. as if ( as though) 看起來看起來常用虛擬形式，即常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反用過去完成式用過去完成式 (had done).He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it5. even if ( even t
15、hough)即使即使Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.四四 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ have donecould have done 本來可以本來可以- - -might have done 本來可能本來可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本來應(yīng)該做本來應(yīng)該做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做本不該做 - - 你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。
16、你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做本不必做 - - - 比較：比較：didnt need to do 沒必要做也沒有做沒必要做也沒有做 - - - 我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本來會去做本來會去做-我沒有足夠的錢否則我會買那本書的我沒有足夠的錢否則我會買那本書的I didnt have enough money, otherwi
17、se I would have bought that book.Choose the best answer:1. It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished3.He _ you more help,even though he was
18、 very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China. A.would be B. has been C. should be D.wasCAAA5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A.had been B. has been C. was D. has gone6. The young man insisted that he _ n
19、othing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now.A.are B. were C. would be D. would have been8. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have BBcA
四川省攀枝花市米易中學(xué)高中英語 語法復(fù)習(xí) 虛擬語氣講解課件
