2011高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 題型突破 閱讀理解3

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1、閱讀理解突破(三) ——推理判斷題 1．推理判斷題的提問(wèn)方式 (1)Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat________. (2)Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage? (3)Inwhichofthefollowingpublications(出版物)wouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted? (4)Thepassageimplies,butdoesn’tdirectlystatethat________.

2、(5)Thewritersuggeststhat________. (6)Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat________. (7)Theauthorusestheexampleof...toshowthat________. (8)What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward...? 2．推理判斷題的解題策略 (1)嚴(yán)格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進(jìn)行推理,千萬(wàn)不要摻雜自己的主觀想法或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 (2)如果某選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù),那它就不是推論,也就不是正確答案。 (3)如果某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合,文中卻沒(méi)有涉及,那它屬于主觀

3、臆斷的結(jié)論,也不是正確答案。 (4)如果某個(gè)選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到,但很片面或很不完整,那也不是正確答案。 (5)文中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(should,must,may,etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音,這有助于我們確定正確答案。 (6)注意作者在文章中的措辭,比如作者在形容詞前用了too,excessively,rather等,則常帶有否定的口氣。 (7)某些過(guò)渡詞如however,but,onthecontrary,whatismore等后面所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往能反映作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。 3．推理判斷題類型及應(yīng)對(duì)措施 (1)數(shù)據(jù)推理 解答此類題,關(guān)鍵是要善于捕捉有關(guān)數(shù)字

4、信息,然后在透徹理解原文的字面意思和題意的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用自己的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí),對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析、推理,從而得出正確答案。 (2)知識(shí)推理 知識(shí)推理題是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié),運(yùn)用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲,從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。解答此類題,不僅需要我們有一定的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),而且還需要對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識(shí)有一個(gè)充分的理解。 (3)邏輯推理 邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理,從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論,而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解文章的內(nèi)容。解答這類題的前提是首先獲得短文的主題思想或列舉的具體事實(shí),然后按題意的要求進(jìn)行

5、推斷。 1 Most children,even the youngest children,are delighted to be around cats and dogs.But these pets carry plenty of germs and allergens (過(guò)敏原),prompting researchers to ask：Are cats and dogs really safe for children? A study finds that,contrary to many parents’ fears,owning cats or dogs does

6、 not increase a child’s risk of developing allergies,and in fact,may actually protect them.The study’s lead author,Dr.Dennis Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia,said that even he was “very surprised” by the results.Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7,com

7、paring those exposed to cats and dogs during their first years of life to those who were not. By using skin-prick tests for detecting common allergies,the researchers found that,contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years,children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk. Even

8、 more remarkable,children who had two or more dogs or cats had an even greater reduction,up to 77 percent,in risk of allergies.Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats.Exposing young children to these bacteri

9、a helps “exercise” their immune systems early in life so that they’re better able to resist allergic diseases later. “There’s something very important in the first years of life when the immune system is developing that we can retrain it away from an allergic response,” saidDr.William Davis. And w

10、hile researchers are not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats just to reduce a child’s allergy risk,they say if a family already has one or more animals,there’s no need to get rid of them. 1．Whydotheresearchersfeel“verysurprised”bytheresultsofthestudy? A．Becausetheresultsarecontrarytotheirexp

11、ectation. B．Becausesomanychildrenareplayingwithcatsanddogs. C．Becauseparentsaresomuchworriedabouttheirchildren. D．Becausechildrenwithanimalsmaydevelopallergieseasily. 答案A 解析此題較易,文中第二段中的“contrarytomanyparents’fears”為關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ),反 映出結(jié)果與第一段中人們的一般認(rèn)識(shí)相反,因此研究者感到驚奇,故選A項(xiàng)；選D的 原因是因?yàn)楦揪蜎](méi)有讀懂文章,而把意思弄反了。 2．Compar

12、edwithchildrenwhohavepets,thosewhohaven’t________. A．willlosethechancetodevelopimmunesystem B．maysufferallergicdiseasesmoreoften C．willreducetheharmfrombacteria D．cankeepdoctorsaway 答案B 解析本文主要是圍繞接觸帶有過(guò)敏原的寵物是否安全展開的,由第二段“...,andin fact,mayactuallyprotectthem.”和第三段“...werenotatgreaterrisk.”可知,應(yīng)是接

13、觸 寵物的孩子患這種疾病的可能性較小,即不接觸寵物的孩子患這種疾病的可能性較大, 故選B項(xiàng)；誤選A項(xiàng)是由于錯(cuò)誤理解了倒數(shù)第二段；誤選C項(xiàng)是由于沒(méi)有正確理解全 文,而是根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)識(shí),即開頭的觀點(diǎn)作出的判斷。 3．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________. A．petsareill-treatedbytheirowners B．lessfamilieswouldliketoowncatsanddogs C．keepingpetsisagoodwaytokeepchildrenhealthy D．theresultsofthestudycan

14、makefamilieswithpetsfeelatease 答案D 解析推理判斷題。該研究結(jié)果告訴人們小孩在早期與貓狗等動(dòng)物接觸不會(huì)影響他們的 健康,從而使很多父母可以放心。 2 (2009·全國(guó)Ⅰ,C) We have met the enemy,and he is ours.We bought him at a pet shop.When monkey-pox,a disease usually found in the African rain forest,suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest,it’s

15、 hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings.“Most of the infections(感染) we think of as human infections started in other animals,”says Stephen Morse,director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University. It’s not just that w

16、e’re going to where the animals are；we’re also bringing them closer to us.Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country.A strange illness killed Isaksen’s pets,and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea.“I don’t think it’s fair to have them as petswhenwehavesu

17、chalimitedknowledgeofthem,”saysIsaksen. “Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchanging,”saysPeterSchantz.Monkey-poxmaybethewake-upcall.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug(病菌)maybekindatfirst

18、.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful(有害的)．Monkey-poxdoesn’tlooklikeamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson. 1．WelearnfromParagraph1thatthepetsoldattheshopmay________. A．comefromColumbia B．preventusfrombeinginfected C．enjoybeingwithchildren D．sufferfrommonk

19、ey-pox 答案D 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段可知寵物店主的寵物感染了一種病毒,故選D。 2．WhydidIsaksenadvisepeoplenottohaveforeignpets? A．Theyattackhumanbeings. B．Weneedtostudynativeanimals. C．Theycan’tliveoutoftherainforest. D．Wedonotknowmuchaboutthemyet. 答案D 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段Isaksen說(shuō)的話可知,她認(rèn)為目前人們對(duì)國(guó)外的寵物了解 得太少。 3．Whatdoesthephrase“thew

20、ake-upcall”inParagraph3mostprobablymean? A．a(chǎn)newdisease B．a(chǎn)clearwarning C．a(chǎn)dangerousanimal D．a(chǎn)morningcall 答案B 解析詞義猜測(cè)題。由本句主語(yǔ)monkey-pox知,這可能是一種新的天花病毒,而不是 一種病,故排除A、C、D。 4．Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe________. A．mayhavetofightagainstmorenewdiseases B．mayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogs

21、C．shouldnotbeallowedtohavepets D．shouldstopbuyingpetsfromAfrica 答案A 解析推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知,這種病毒的出現(xiàn)只是一個(gè)警告。未來(lái)可能會(huì) 出現(xiàn)更多的新的疾病。 3 TheChinaDailynewspapergroupislookingforEnglish-languageseniorbusinesseditors,seniorcopyeditors,copyeditorsandgraphicdesignerstostrengthenitsinternationalteam.Weofferacompetiti

22、vesalarypackage,freeaccommodationwithutilitiespaidfor,90percentmedicalreimbursement,aseven-daypaidleave,eleven-daypublicholidaysandareturntickettothecountryofresidence. SeniorBusinessEditor Youmust： assistthebusinesseditorinsettinggoalsandworkingonachievingthem； beanexcellentteampersonwhocangene

23、rateideasandthinkcreativelyandbeabletorewritetotallyifneededandmentorjuniorstaff； ideallyhavebeenworkingorhaveworkedinapositionofresponsibilityandunderstandwhatleadershipentails； havehadatleastfiveyears’editingexperienceworkingoneditingtheBusinessDeskandbefamiliarwithindustrysoftware. SeniorCopyE

24、ditor Youmust： workonshiftsintheBusinessDeskandusuallyhavethelastwordbeforethepageissenttoprint； editorrewritecopyandgivesnappyheadlinesandcaptions； havehadatleasttwoyears’editingexperienceworkingoneditingdesksandbefamiliarwithindustrysoftware. CopyEditor Youmust： begoodateditingorrewritingco

25、pyandwritingsnappyheadlinesandcaptions； beabletoworkonshiftsfordifferentpages,andusuallyhavethelastwordbeforethepageissenttoprint； havetwoyearsofeditingexperienceworkingoncopydesks,andbefamiliarwithindustrysoftware. GraphicDesigner Youmust： haveexcellentskillsininformationgraphics； begoodatill

26、ustrationsandfreehanddrawings； beexperiencedinnewspaperormagazinelayouts； haveagoodsenseoftypography； havegoodnewsjudgment； bewell-versedwithMacintoshsoftware,includingInDesign,IllustratorandPhotoshop； befluentinEnglish. Forenquiriesortoapply,writetojob@. 1．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage? A．T

27、odescribethepositionsoftheChinaDailynewspapergroup. B．TodescribetheworkingconditionsoftheChinaDailynewspapergroup. C．Toadvertiseforrecruitingsomegoodemployees. D．Totellyouhowtobecomepartofthisgroup. 答案C 解析推理判斷題。縱觀全文,尤其是文章的第一段可以看出,這是一則廣告,其目的 就是向社會(huì)公開招聘English-languageseniorbusinesseditors,senior

28、copyeditors,copy editorsandgraphicdesigners4個(gè)崗位上的員工。由此可以判斷,答案是C項(xiàng)。 2．WhatisnotrequiredaboutGraphicDesigner? A．Bewell-versedwithPhotoshop. B．Haveexcellentskillsininformationgraphics. C．Havingagoodsenseoftypography. D．Writingsnappyheadlinesandcaptions. 答案D 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由GraphicDesigner的招聘要求可以看出：Writ

29、ingsnappyheadlines andcaptions并非GraphicDesigner所要求具備的。 3．Howmanypositionsneededitingexperience? A．2.B．1.C．3.D．4. 答案C 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。前三個(gè)職位的敘述中都提到了對(duì)“editingexperience”的要求,只 有最后一個(gè)崗位沒(méi)有這方面的要求,故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。 4．Whichcanbethetitleoftheadvertisement? A．ChinaDaily：NewEmployeesWanted B．ChinaDaily：Newspaper C．Chi

30、naDaily：AnInternationalTeam D．ChinaDaily：TheBestWorkingCondition 答案A 解析標(biāo)題判斷題。文章第一段已點(diǎn)明了文章的主旨與目的,就是要招聘人員,所以A 項(xiàng)所說(shuō)的“中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)社招聘員工”最能概括全文的大意,故可排除其他三項(xiàng)。 5．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage? A．Freeaccommodationsareavailabletotheworkers. B．Theworkerstherecanenjoyaseven-dayleavewithoutpay. C．

31、Theemployeeshavetherighttoenjoyeleven-daypublicholidays. D．Theseniorbusinesseditor’sonlyjobistohelpthebusinesseditortosetgoals. 答案C 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的敘述可以看出,員工可以“享受11天的公共假期”。 其他三項(xiàng)都不符合原文的敘述。故C為正確答案。 內(nèi)容總結(jié) （1）閱讀理解突破(三) ——推理判斷題 1．推理判斷題的提問(wèn)方式 (1)Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat________. (2)Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage