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1、單項選擇題解題技巧 單項選擇題是考查學(xué)生對句子的層次,對語法規(guī)則、詞匯等掌握的情況,通過設(shè)定語境,詞語或某些成分的位置變化等將考查知識與能力結(jié)合起來,突出語言的交際性、靈活性,實現(xiàn)知識與能力相結(jié)合的目標(biāo)。有些題看起來似乎很難,很復(fù)雜,但只要學(xué)會掌握正確的分析問題的方法,那么,一切難題都是可以解答的。 要做好單項選擇題,首先必須熟練掌握句型、固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法、語法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識。還應(yīng)該了解一些解題技巧,提高解題的綜合能力。下面從單項選擇題的特點和解題技巧兩大方面來分析:一、單項選擇題的特點 單項選擇題(multiple choice)是各種語言測試中最為流行的一種命題形式,中考英語試題也不例
2、外。它是由題干(stem)、正確答案(key)、干擾項(distracters)組成。單項選擇題是中考英語試題的必考題型,它融會了詞法、句法、習(xí)慣用法、交際用語、常識于一體。涉及知識面廣泛,考查內(nèi)容多樣全面。 近幾年來中考英語單項選擇題的命題內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)一些新的趨勢和熱點。 (一)關(guān)注當(dāng)時社會時事熱點、體現(xiàn)了時代特色,增添了鮮明的時代氣息。 ( ) 1.Internet bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody _bad thing. (2004 上海) A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watches
3、 ( )2. _ chickens were killed because of bird flu (禽流感). (2004 昆明) A. A large number of B. The number of C. Much D. Thousand of (二)適應(yīng)英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理念,體現(xiàn)學(xué)科之間的滲透和綜合意識。 ( ) 1. China lies _ the east of Asia and _ the north of Australia. (天津市) A. to, to B. in, to C. to, in D. in, on ( )2. Paper is mostly made o
4、f _. (2004 濟(jì)南) A. metal B. glass C. wood D. silk (三)圖表試題的出現(xiàn)有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察理解能力。 e.g. From the chart we know the average temperature (平均氣溫) of _ is the same as that of _. (2004 哈爾濱) A. July, August B. June, July C. February, March D. June, September 二、單項選擇題的解題方法和技巧 (一)直接選擇法:適合于考查固定搭配或習(xí)慣用法的題目。 在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中要求學(xué)生注意
5、積累一些常見的固定句式、動詞與副詞的搭配、名詞與形容詞的搭配等等,對做題十分有利。 ( )1. We are now short _ fresh water. Something must be done to stop people _ polluting it. (2004 南通) A. for, to B. for, from C. of, to D. of. From 解析:根據(jù)be short of和stop. from doing something這兩個固定結(jié)構(gòu),就可以選出正確答案D. ( )2. The children enjoyed _ very much last nig
6、ht. (2004 鎮(zhèn)江) A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs 解析:由enjoy oneself 這一用法可知,正確答案選C。 ( )3. Mrs. Gao asked these boys _ so much noise. (2004 無錫) A. do not make B. not to make C. not making D. not to make 解析:由ask sb. not to do sth. 這一 固定形式可知,正確答案選D。 (二)排除法當(dāng)我們是遇到十分熟悉的所謂固定搭配時,要從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上或者句子意義上仔細(xì)分析,然后看清楚幾
7、個選項的細(xì)微差別,以免步入命題人設(shè)計的陷阱。對于貌合神離的4個選項,如不能快速選擇答案,就采取各個擊破,逐一排除原則,縮小選擇范圍。 ( )1. Could you tell me _ the bike without any help this morning? (南京) A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend 解析:根據(jù)賓語從句用陳述語序先將A,D排除,再根據(jù)句中時間狀語this morning 判斷,應(yīng)使用一般過去時態(tài)排除B,正確答案為C。 ( )2. The Spring Festi
8、val is the most important holiday for Chinese people. It is like _ in the west. (2004 常州) A. May Day B. Thanksgiving Day C. Fathers Day D. Christmas Day 解析: 這4個選項從語法上都可以選擇,但根據(jù)常識( Christmas is as important as the Spring Festival), 應(yīng)當(dāng)排除A,B,C,正確答案是D。 (三)分析比較法 適用于語法、句法較為復(fù)雜的題目,從時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語義、非謂語形式及同義詞組等角度進(jìn)行綜合
9、分析比較。 ( )1. The boy _ in the teachers office was found _ yesterday. A. standing, smoke B. standing, smoking C. stood, smoke D. stood, smoking 解析: 根據(jù)句意(站在教師辦公室里的那個男孩昨天發(fā)現(xiàn)在抽煙)standing in the teachers office 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語,在句中做定語用來修飾前面的the boy,有主動關(guān)系。The boy 與find 之間有被動關(guān)系,根據(jù)詞組find sb. do / doing sth.的區(qū)別,通過分析比較,
10、正確答案為B。 ( )2. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer _ for half an hour. (2004 陜西) A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. went 解析:因 for half an hour是表示延續(xù)的狀語,謂語時態(tài)要用現(xiàn)在完成時,選D 不正確。has left 和has gone雖然是現(xiàn)在完成時,但leave, go 是短暫性動詞,后面不能跟表示一段時間的狀語,正確答案是C。 (四)關(guān)鍵詞法 有些題目中的某個詞對于快捷、準(zhǔn)確選擇起非常關(guān)鍵的作用,善
11、于抓住關(guān)鍵詞(key word)才能找到做題突破口。 ( )1. Janes mother was ill yesterday, so she had to look _ her. (2004 南通) A. at B. for C. after D. out of 解析:該題中ill 是關(guān)鍵詞,問題迎刃而解,正確答案是C。 ( )2. -Whats wrong with my sons _? - He cant see things clearly. (北京市) A. eyes B. ears C. mouth D. nose 解析:依據(jù)題中關(guān)鍵詞see, 就可以直接選出正確答案A。 (五)前
12、后呼應(yīng)法 此法適用于情景對話題中,對于對話所展示的情景,認(rèn)真理解,聯(lián)系上下文,前后呼應(yīng),選出符合英語習(xí)慣的答案,同時避免受漢語思維的影響和干擾。 ( )1. - Im taking my computer test tomorrow. - _. (2004 揚州) A. Come on B. Congratulations. C. Well done D. good luck. 解析:根據(jù)上文明天進(jìn)行計算機(jī)測試 A. 加油 B.祝賀你 C.干得不錯 D.祝你好運 顯然正確答案是D。 ( )2. -By the way, have you got _ e- mail address? - Oh,
13、 yes. His is Hongsion . A. Jims B. an C. a D. / 解析:根據(jù)下文his 這個物主代詞,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)正確答案是A。(六)利用對稱法就是在做題過程中要善于利用and, but等并列連詞。若前面是個句子,后面也必定是個句子,反之亦然;若連接的是幾個動詞,這幾個動詞也必定是同一時態(tài)或同一形式。例如:English has large vocabulary, hasnt it?Yes._ more words and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. know B. knowing C. to
14、 know D. known(七)適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換句式法 有時將題干的句式轉(zhuǎn)換成自己更熟悉的句式,就很容易選出正確答案。比如將疑問句、強調(diào)句、感嘆句或倒裝句改為陳述句,將被動句改為主動句,無序句調(diào)整為正常句。例如:Mr. Wang, whom would you rather_ the important meeting? A. have attend B. have attended C. having attend D. have to attend (八)補全省略成分法口語中常常會使用一些省略句,做題時若將被省略的成分補充完整,答案就會一目了然。例如:What do you think made
15、 Mary so upset?_her new bike. A. as she lost B. lost C. losing D. because of losing(九)注意標(biāo)點符號 標(biāo)點有時對我們做題有提示作用,不同的標(biāo)點可能導(dǎo)致不同的答案,要求學(xué)生在做題時,一定要小心。例如:Her house ,_ was built a hundred years ago ,stood still in the earthquake. A. which B. that C. this D. it做單項選擇題,利用以上所提供的九大解題技巧之外,還要要求學(xué)生平時多注意積累,有些比較不明顯的短語搭配,在有限的時間里,要能夠快速找出來;讀多了,積累多了,才能培養(yǎng)做題的題感:當(dāng)沒有熟悉的單詞及用法時,在已經(jīng)排除之后,剩下的幾項里,代入法,多讀幾遍。 2014年10月13日