《被動語態(tài)》課件（語法復習）

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1、1語法復習課語法復習課（Revision of the Passive Voice)2 單詞接力賽單詞接力賽 3任務 復習重點復習重點: 41.被動語態(tài)的結構為被動語態(tài)的結構為“助動詞助動詞be及物動詞及物動詞 的過去的過去分詞（分詞（pp）”。(不及物動詞或不及物短語動詞不可用于被動語態(tài)不及物動詞或不及物短語動詞不可用于被動語態(tài) 這類動詞有：這類動詞有：happen（發(fā)生）（發(fā)生）, take place（發(fā)生）（發(fā)生） , break out（爆發(fā)）（爆發(fā)）, die（死亡）（死亡）, become（成為）（成為）, appear（出現(xiàn)）（出現(xiàn)）, disappear（消失）（消失）, l

2、ast（持續(xù)）（持續(xù)）, set out（出發(fā)）等。（出發(fā)）等。)A.熟記結構熟記結構口訣口訣:被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)be字變字變, 過去分詞跟后面過去分詞跟后面.Be動詞的五種變化形式：原 形 be現(xiàn)在時 am ,is ,are 過去時 was , were現(xiàn)在分詞 being過去分詞 been52.各種時態(tài)結構各種時態(tài)結構被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過be的時態(tài)變化的時態(tài)變化來表示的，其人來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應與主語保持一致。其具體變化為：稱和數(shù)方面應與主語保持一致。其具體變化為： 一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時： am / is / aream / is / are done d

3、one一般過去時：一般過去時： was / werewas / were done done現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在進行時： am / is / are am / is / are beingbeing done done過去進行時：過去進行時： was / were was / were beingbeing done done現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時： have / has have / has beenbeen done done過去完成時：過去完成時： had had beenbeen done done一般將來時：一般將來時： shall / will shall / will bebe do

4、ne ; be going to done ; be going to bebe done done當句中含有情態(tài)動詞時，句子結構為當句中含有情態(tài)動詞時，句子結構為 can / must / can / must / have tohave tobebe done done He said the factory had been opened . 他說這家工廠已經開張。他說這家工廠已經開張。The pen has been used for several years. 這支鋼筆已經用了幾年。這支鋼筆已經用了幾年。He told us the cat was being washed whe

5、n we called him. 他告訴我們打電話時他正在給貓洗澡。他告訴我們打電話時他正在給貓洗澡。The work will be finished in three hours. 工作將于三小時后完成。工作將于三小時后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 這孩子必須被好好照顧。這孩子必須被好好照顧。This book was written in 1969. 這本書是這本書是1969年寫成的。年寫成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。He is r

6、egarded as a brilliant. 他被認為很有才氣。他被認為很有才氣。63.例如：例如： Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken The boy _ to get supper ready after school last night Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be CHas Dhave

7、 （選（選D?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)）?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)）（選（選C?？疾橐话氵^去時的被動語態(tài)）?？疾橐话氵^去時的被動語態(tài)）（選（選B?？疾楹閼B(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)?？疾楹閼B(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài))7B明確用法明確用法 被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況：被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況： 1 1不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者；的執(zhí)行者； 2 2強調動作的承受者。例如：強調動作的承受者。例如： 這棵樹是那個男孩砍斷的。這棵樹是那個男孩砍斷的。 The tree _ _ by that boy 歌歌訣訣：誰誰做的做的動動作不知道，作不知

8、道，說說出出誰誰做的做的沒沒有必要；有必要； 動動作承受者需強作承受者需強調調，被，被動語態(tài)運動語態(tài)運用到。用到。was cut8主動句主動句 The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.被動句被動句The window was broken by the naughty boy yesterday.主語謂語主語狀語賓語謂語狀語介賓123步驟二步驟一步驟三原賓變主主格變。原賓變主主格變。被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)be字變字變,過去分詞跟后面過去分詞跟后面.謂語動詞謂語動詞break改為被動形式：改為被動形式：be + 過去分詞。過去分詞。原主變賓原主變賓by后見

9、后見（有時（有時by短語可以省略）。短語可以省略）。C C C熟練轉換熟練轉換熟練轉換熟練轉換熟練轉換熟練轉換9教你一招教你一招賓變主，賓變主，主變賓，主變賓，by短語后面跟。短語后面跟。 謂語動詞變被動，謂語動詞變被動，be后后“過分過分”來使用來使用常見語態(tài)轉換常見語態(tài)轉換（一）一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。（一）一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。引入練習引入練習1。請將下列主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。請將下列主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)1.Lucy bought some fruit. Some fruit _ _ _ Lucy.2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers ev

10、ery day. The flowers _ _ _ Uncle Wang every day.3.Did they build the bridge in 1998? _ the bridge _ in 1998?4.When did Lu Xun write these books?When _these books _ _ Lu Xun?5.The farmers dont grow apples on the farm.Apples _ _ on the farm.6.They didnt clean the classroom yesterday.The classroom _ _

11、yesterday.小結：小結：1、被動語態(tài)的轉換，在、被動語態(tài)的轉換，在be+過去分詞中，確定過去分詞中，確定_ 是關鍵，是關鍵，_永不永不變。變。2、Be的時態(tài)由的時態(tài)由_確定；確定；be的單的單/復數(shù)由復數(shù)由_確定。確定。3、問句提前、問句提前_; 否定否定_后加后加not.was bought by are watered byWasbuiltwere written by arent grownwasnt cleanedbe 形形過去分詞過去分詞主動時態(tài)主動時態(tài) 被動主語被動主語be動詞動詞be(二）一般現(xiàn)在時帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。二）一般現(xiàn)在時帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。引入練習引入練習

12、2。請將下列主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。請將下列主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。1.You can do the work all by yourself. The work _ _ _ all by yourself.2.We must plant more trees. More trees _ _ _.3.We should dig a large hole. A large hole _ _ _.4.Can we put our bikes here? _ our bikes _ _ here?5.You mustnt throw rubbish here. Rubbish _ _ _ here.6.

13、We cant see many stars. Many stars _ _ _ . 小結：小結：1.含情態(tài)動詞的被動結構：含情態(tài)動詞的被動結構： _ .2.疑問句提前疑問句提前_; 否定句：否定句：_+not.can be donemust be plantedshould be dugCanbe putmustnt be thrown cant be seen 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be (永遠是原形)+過去分詞過去分詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞12(sb)(sth)13提示提示(必背必背)a. 把直接賓語把直接賓語(sth)變?yōu)橹髡Z后，間接賓變?yōu)橹髡Z后，間接賓語語(sb)前通常要加上介

14、詞前通常要加上介詞to的有：的有：write ,pass,give,lend,sell,show,hand等。等。 b.把直接賓語把直接賓語(sth)變?yōu)橹髡Z后，間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z后，間接賓語(sb)前通常要加上介詞前通常要加上介詞for的有：有的有：有make,buy,find,draw等。等。14練習練習例：例： 1.Her mother gave her a new pen1.Her mother gave her a new pen A new pen _ _ _ her by her motherA new pen _ _ _ her by her mother 2.She 2.She

15、 wrotewrote us a letter. us a letter. 3.She 3.She mademade her son a pair of new shoes. her son a pair of new shoes.4.He 4.He foundfound Jim a seat. Jim a seat.5. He bought me a computer.5. He bought me a computer.A letter was writtento us.was given toA pair of new shoes was made for her son by her.

16、A seat was found for Jim.A computer was bought for me.152短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸欢陶Z動詞的被動語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要將短語動詞視為一個整動語態(tài)時，要將短語動詞視為一個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如：如： This dictionary mustnt _ from the library Atake away Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away She will take good care of the children（變被動語態(tài)）（變被動

17、語態(tài)） The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her） be taken good care of16動詞短語的被動語態(tài)。動詞短語的被動語態(tài)。改正下列轉換中的錯誤：改正下列轉換中的錯誤：1.People often talk about the film. 誤：誤：The film is often talked. 正：正：2.Lily looked after the baby. 誤：誤：The baby was looked by Lily. 正：正：3.We shouldnt give up the work. 誤：誤：The work shouldnt be

18、given . 正：正：4.We cant work out the problem. 誤：誤：The problem cant be worked. 正：正： The film is often talked about.The baby was looked after by Lily. The work shouldnt be given up.The problem cant be worked out.練習4175.We must take good care of young trees. 誤：誤：Young trees must be taken good care. 正：正：6

19、.We must write to him. 誤：誤：He must be written. 正：正： 小結：動詞短語在轉換成被動語態(tài)時，小結：動詞短語在轉換成被動語態(tài)時， 不能丟掉其中的不能丟掉其中的_。Young trees must be taken good care of.He must be written to.介詞或副詞介詞或副詞 183含有復合賓語的主動結構變被動結構時，通含有復合賓語的主動結構變被動結構時，通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而賓語補足語就常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。注意：成為主語補足語。注意：省略省略to的不定式作賓的不定式作賓補時，不

20、定式符號補時，不定式符號to必須補上必須補上。例如：。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（變被動語態(tài)）（變被動語態(tài)） He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday 4不定式的被動結構：動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)不定式的被動結構：動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)為為“to be 過去分詞過去分詞”。例如：。例如： The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt C was seen

21、 to19請將下列主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。請將下列主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。引入練習引入練習5。 1.The farmer made the horses work the whole day. The horses_ _ _ _ the whole day.2.Mum asks the twins not to swim in the lake. The twins _ _ _ _ _ in the lake.3.I saw a mouse run into the room. A mouse _ _ _ _ into the room.4.I often hear him sing Englis

22、h songs. He _ often _ _ _ English songs.5.I saw Lucy playing in the park just now. Lucy _ _ _ in the park just now.6.They watched the children sing that morning. The children _ _ _ _ that morning.小結小結:1.主動語態(tài)中省略主動語態(tài)中省略to的賓補在被動中應的賓補在被動中應_.如以如以上上 _題題.2.其它形式的賓補在被動中其它形式的賓補在被動中_.如以上如以上_題。題。 were made to w

23、orkare asked not to swim was seen to runisheard to singwas seen playingwere watched to sing補上補上to1、3、4、6不變不變2、520了解了解* 5以疑問代詞開頭以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉換成被動句時要注的疑問句轉換成被動句時要注意詞序：應將主動句中的疑問意詞序：應將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞代詞改為介詞by的賓語，但仍的賓語，但仍然放在句子開頭。例如：然放在句子開頭。例如： Who has broken the cup？By whom has the cup been broken？ 21了解了解* 6

24、有的動詞的主動形式有的動詞的主動形式可以表示被動意義可以表示被動意義1）感官動詞 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主動形式表示被動。 How sweet the music sounds ! Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth .2） write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主動形式表被動意義。尤其是有副詞 well, easily時。 The book sells well . ( 這本書銷路很好。 ) T

25、he door will not open . ( 這扇門就是打不開。 ) This dress washes better . ( 這衣服較好洗。 ) The sign reads as follows . ( 這牌子告示如下。 ) 22了解了解* E注意區(qū)別注意區(qū)別 被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別：被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別： 1）含義不同：被動語態(tài)強調動作，重點說明動作由）含義不同：被動語態(tài)強調動作，重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成；而過去分詞作表語通常用來描誰完成、怎樣完成；而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。

26、試比較：較： The window is broken窗子破了。（系表結構）窗子破了。（系表結構） The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。窗子被他打破了。（被動語態(tài)）（被動語態(tài)） 2）用法不同：過去分詞作表語時可以被）用法不同：過去分詞作表語時可以被 so，very，too等程度副詞修飾，而被動語態(tài)則不能用等程度副詞修飾，而被動語態(tài)則不能用so，very，too修飾，而需用修飾，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修飾。試比較：修飾。試比較： He was very interested in science他對科學有他對科學有極

27、大興趣。（系表結構）極大興趣。（系表結構） I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do我被那種場面搞得大吃我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。（被動語態(tài)）一驚，不知所措。（被動語態(tài)） 23了解了解* F相關句型相關句型 初中教材中與被動語態(tài)相關的句型有：初中教材中與被動語態(tài)相關的句型有： 1be covered with被被覆蓋覆蓋 2be made of由由制作（發(fā)生物理變化）制作（發(fā)生物理變化） be made from由由制作（發(fā)生化學變化）制作（發(fā)生化學變化） be made in由（某地）制造由（

28、某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造被（某人）制造 3be used for被用來被用來 be used as被當作（作為）被當作（作為）來使用來使用 be used to do sth被用來做某事被用來做某事 4It is said that據說據說 It is hoped that希望希望 It is well known that眾所周知眾所周知24例如：例如： Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？ YesIts _ Shanghai Amade of；made by Bmade of；made in Cmade for；made by Dma

29、de for；made in This machine is used _ the room wet Afor keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping 據說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。據說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。 _ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in NanjingBAIt is saidanotherbuiltbridge251.到了初三隨著英語單詞量的不斷增加，難度到了初三隨著英語單詞量的不斷增加，難度的不斷提高，有些學生對英語漸漸失去了學習的不斷提高，有些學生對英語漸漸失去了學習的

30、興趣。以四人小組為單位用被動語態(tài)列舉學的興趣。以四人小組為單位用被動語態(tài)列舉學習英語的重要性，讓他們好好學習。然后派代習英語的重要性，讓他們好好學習。然后派代表說出討論結果。并用被動語態(tài)寫出一篇有知表說出討論結果。并用被動語態(tài)寫出一篇有知英語的重要性的作文英語的重要性的作文.下面是一組學生的匯報：下面是一組學生的匯報： English is used as an international language. English is the most widely spoken. English is widely used for business. Half the worlds telep

31、hone calls are made in English.262把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍泳? 1.They asked me to come a little later. I _ _ to come a little later. 2.Women often talk about food and clothes. Food and clothes _ often _ about by women. 3.Do they make this kind of truck in Nanjing? _this kind of truck _ in Nanjing? 4.We must clean ou

32、r teeth twice a day. Our teeth must _ _ twice a day. 5.Can I answer this question in simple English? _this question _ _ in simple English? 6.You may clean the room after work. The room may _ _ after work. 7.We use brooms for sweeping the floor. Brooms_ _for sweeping the floor. 8. They built quite a

33、few tall buildings in their hometown last year. Quite a few tall buildings _ _ in their hometown last year.9. You must not put the bike there. The bike _ _ _there. 10. Can you see the stars in the daytime? Can the stars _ _in the daytime? 27be3.Fill in the missing words according to the passage. Sev

34、eral days ago a large tiger escaped from the zoo because it (1)_fed well. One morning the tiger was seen (2)_run into a small forest near the city (3)_Some people. The people (4)_the police about it at once. They said that the tiger was very strong ,but the animals around it (5)_not hit. The police

35、warned people not to go out during the night. Tom was made not（6）_ go to school that day. The police(7)_ asked to find out the tiger quickly and kill it. But the police said the tiger should(8) _ protected and well looked after if it was found out. In the evening a big net was put around the Forest

36、by the police. Some sheep (9)_tied to the trees behind the net. When the sheep were heard (10)_ bleat , the hungry tiger ran out to catch them. At last the tiger was caught and it was (11)_back to the zoo. Now the tiger (12)_ taken good care (13)_. It must (14)_given the most food because it is the

37、largest.wasnttobytoldweretowerebeweretotakenisofbe28在下列情況下要使用被動語態(tài)：在下列情況下要使用被動語態(tài)：1. 行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。如：如：Football is played all over the world.2. 不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的執(zhí)行者時。如：不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的執(zhí)行者時。如：我的自行車被盜了。我的自行車被盜了。3. 漢語中含有漢語中含有“據說、據悉、有人說、大家說據說、據悉、有人說、大家說”等時。如：等時。如：據說，有一

38、天他爬到一所房子的頂上，往煙囪下面扔了一些錢。據說，有一天他爬到一所房子的頂上，往煙囪下面扔了一些錢。4. 漢語中含有漢語中含有“被、由被、由”等詞時。如：等詞時。如：魏華是被林濤叫來的。魏華是被林濤叫來的。It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and dropped some money down a chimney.Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.My bike was stolen.295. 漢語中沒有漢語中沒有“被、由被、由”等詞，而在原句中試加這類詞且句等詞，而在原句中

39、試加這類詞且句意通順時。如：意通順時。如：這些歌曲通常是男生唱的。（在這些歌曲通常是男生唱的。（在“是是”后面可以加上后面可以加上“由由”） 6. 某些句子習慣某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。如：上用被動語態(tài)。如：He was born in October， 1989.7. 表示禮貌時。如：表示禮貌時。如：敬請您明天晚上敬請您明天晚上8：00光臨我們的英語晚會。光臨我們的英語晚會。These songs are usually sung by boys.You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00 p.m. tomorr

40、ow.30在以下在以下10種情況下均不能使用被動語態(tài)：種情況下均不能使用被動語態(tài)：1. 不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。如：不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。如：正：正：誤：誤：The story was happened in London.2. 表示狀態(tài)的動詞，如表示狀態(tài)的動詞，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被動語態(tài)。如：等往往不能用于被動語態(tài)。如：正：正：誤：誤：He is fitted very well by the shirt.3. 某些某些“不及物動詞介詞不及物動詞介詞”構成的短語動詞，如構成的短語動詞，如listen to，walk

41、into，fall off等，往往不使用被動語態(tài)。等，往往不使用被動語態(tài)。如：如：正：正：誤：誤：The room was walked into by him.4. 祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài)。如：祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài)。如：正：正：誤：誤：The blackboard is looked at by you.5. 賓語和主語所指的對象相同時不能用于被動語態(tài)。賓語和主語所指的對象相同時不能用于被動語態(tài)。如：如：正：正：誤：誤：Each other must be helped by us.The story happened in London.The shirt fits him very w

42、ell.He walked into the room.Look at the blackboard， please.We must help each other.31 6. 某些及物動詞的賓語表示處所、地點、組織時不能用于被動語態(tài)。某些及物動詞的賓語表示處所、地點、組織時不能用于被動語態(tài)。如：正：如：正：誤：誤：The League was joined by him in 1998.7. 動詞不定式或動詞動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式作賓語時不能用于被動語態(tài)。如：形式作賓語時不能用于被動語態(tài)。如：正：正：誤：誤：To watch TV is liked by them.正：正：誤：誤：Li

43、stening to the radio is enjoyed by him.8. 主動句中有表示數(shù)量、長度、大小或程度的單詞或短語作賓語時主動句中有表示數(shù)量、長度、大小或程度的單詞或短語作賓語時往往不使用被動語態(tài)。如：往往不使用被動語態(tài)。如：正：正：誤：誤：Three yuan is paid for these tomatoes by her.9. 由由“動詞名詞動詞名詞”構成的英語習語（如構成的英語習語（如make faces，make friends，take place等）一般不可改為被動語態(tài)。如：等）一般不可改為被動語態(tài)。如：正：正：誤：誤：Faces are made by the boy in class.10. 反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態(tài)。如：反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態(tài)。如：正：正：誤：誤：Yourself must be looked after.He joined the League in 1998.They like to watch TV.He enjoys listening to the radio.She pays three yuan for the tomatoes.The boy make faces in class.You must look after yourself.32