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1、microscopicmess7 衛(wèi)生c閱讀押題 本課其它級別最好也聽聽！因為本文在下列國家教材中同時出現(xiàn)。第16篇Eat to Live 衛(wèi)生C新增文章(押題)第25篇 理工B第39篇 綜合A孫老師特別提示：衛(wèi)生c今年閱讀沒有新增文章，押題也就變成了猜題，極不靠普，請大家做好無原題或押不中的準備！共1篇文章 第十六篇Eat to Live衛(wèi)生C新增文章(押題) 第13課 (補充練習(xí))理解課文 Late-night Drinking 衛(wèi)生c閱讀押題 Eat to Live機會只給有準備的人。Opportunities are only for the prepared person. 共1篇文
2、章 Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much funand it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age. Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riversi
3、de have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of tox
4、ins. Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years. The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 ge
5、nes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical productionprobably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like
6、young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes. “This is the first indication that thee effects kick in pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington,
7、D. C. No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, bus Spindler is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says. If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, out bodies ar
8、e less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective. But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they live longer but theyre hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a die
9、t does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: I can only eat half of that.” Spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.練習(xí)：1. According to the passage, which of the following
10、 is NOT true?A. Eating less than usual might make us live longer.B. If we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.C. Dieting might not be needed.D. We have to begin dieting from childhood.2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?A. To describe the influence of old age on mic
11、e.B. To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.C. To tell us how mices liver genes behave. D. To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.3. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?A. They will not experience free radical production.B. They will e
12、xperience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.C. They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.D. They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?A. The mice that started dieting in old age.B. 27
13、of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.C. Calorie restriction that works in people.D. Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.5. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes thatA. calorie restriction is very important to young peopleB. seeing the effect of a
14、diet, people will eat less than normal.C. dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.D. drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction. Eat to Live 為生存而食 本文中心：A meager不足的 diet節(jié)食A meager不足的diet節(jié)食may give you health and long life, but its not much fun娛樂 and it might not even be
15、 necessary. We may be able to hang on to保持住most of that youthful vigor活力 even if we dont start to diet until old age.粗茶淡飯或許能給你健康和長壽，但這并不有趣-很有可能也沒必要。即便在年老以后才 開始節(jié)食我們也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mou
16、ses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting限制 its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.加州大學(xué)Riverside分校的斯蒂芬o斯潘德爾及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要連續(xù)
17、四周限制一些衰老的老 鼠進食，它們的肝臟基因就會變得和衰老前一樣充滿活力。雖然老鼠的肝部基因恢復(fù)活力不會逆 轉(zhuǎn)它們在其他方面的老化，但是卻有助于這些老鼠的肝臟對藥物的新陳代謝和清除毒素。Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations3. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were34 months
18、 oldequivalent to about 70 human years.斯潘德爾的隊員們一直給其中的三只老鼠正常量的飼料，而給另外三只老鼠正常量飼料的一半，給三只34個月大的老鼠（相當(dāng)于人類年齡的70歲）喂了一個月的半量飼料，之前這三只老鼠 的飼料量是正常的。The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated wi
19、th things like inflammation炎癥 and free radical production4probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited
20、from 70 per cent of these gene changes.研究者們檢查了這些老鼠肝臟的11,000種基因的活性，發(fā)現(xiàn)正常飼養(yǎng)的老鼠有46種基因隨年齡的改變而改變。這些改變都與炎癥和體內(nèi)自由基的產(chǎn)生有關(guān)-這對老鼠的健康來說不是什么好消息。而對于那些終身都在節(jié)食的老鼠來說，那46種基因中的27種仍然繼續(xù)保持著青春活力。但 是最令人吃驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)卻是那些只是在老年時期節(jié)食的老鼠們受益于70%的基因變異。 “This is the first indication that these effects kick in5 pretty quickly,” says Huber Warne
21、r from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D.C.這只是第一個這些效果迅速起作用的暗示，來自華盛頓特區(qū)周邊的國家老年學(xué)學(xué)院的哈勃o華納說。No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says.至今仍然沒有人清楚卡路里的控制對
22、人類來說是否如同對老鼠那樣有效，但是斯潘德爾對此 充滿了希望：有足以引人注意的證據(jù)表明這同樣有效。If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug
23、 is effective.如果這確實也對人類有效，我們有理由相信肝臟也可能恢復(fù)活力。舉個例子，隨著我們一天天衰老，我們的身體對藥物的新陳代謝越來越?jīng)]有效率。短時期內(nèi)的節(jié)食，斯潘德爾說到，完全足以保證藥效。But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off 交易 is worth it, 6 “The mice get less disease, they live longer, but theyre hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant
24、 and say” I can only eat half of that.”但是斯潘德爾并不確定這個方法值得嘗試。老鼠患病少了，壽命延長了，但是它們很饑餓，他說，即使能清楚地認識到節(jié)食的功效，人們?nèi)匀缓茈y在餐館中說自己只能吃一半的食物。Spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.斯潘德爾希望我們根本就不用節(jié)食。他的公
25、司，加利福尼亞州的壽命遺傳學(xué)公司，正在尋找有限制卡路里效能的藥物練習(xí)：1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?根據(jù)文章，下面哪個選項是不真實的？A) Eating less than usual might make us live longer.B) If we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.C) Dieting might not be needed.2. We have to begin dieting from childhood.3. Why
26、 does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph2?文章第二段中，作者為什么會提到上了年紀的老鼠？A) To describe the influence of old age on mice.B) To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.C) To tell us how mices liver genes behave.4. To inform us of the process of metabolizing使發(fā)生新陳代謝 drugs.5. What can be infe
27、rred推斷 about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?什么可以推斷出本文提到的完全正常喂養(yǎng)的老鼠？A) They will not experience free radical production.B) They will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.C) They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.D) They are more likely to suf
28、fer from inflammation. 發(fā)炎4. 注意： (1) 絕對原則：答案中有all, every, only always等絕對詞一般為不正確，如被否定除外，原文中也有這些詞除外)！絕對原則主要用于 5. 對錯選擇 NOT true, true6. (2) 相對原則：有may, might, can could, likely， sometimes， probably some。7. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?根據(jù)作者觀點，下列哪一項最能引起調(diào)查者
29、的興趣？A) The mice that started dieting in old age. B) 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.C) Calorie restriction that works in people.D) Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.出現(xiàn)多個數(shù)字，特別是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字時，須非常小心！8. According to the last two paragraphs. Spindler believes that根據(jù)文章
30、最后兩段的內(nèi)容，Spindler相信：A) calorie restriction is very important to young people.B) Seeing the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal.C) Dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life.Drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction.四. 閱讀題型四大原則： 此項特別重要 1. 圍著中心轉(zhuǎn)（先讀有中心詞的選項.
31、一般就是答案）。 2. 先讀容易的選項（讀的懂的）,先讀短的。 孫老師特別提示：我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，決定成敗勝負的，不一定是一個人的技術(shù)水平，而是一個人的心態(tài)。當(dāng)我們患得患失時，當(dāng)我們心有所慮時，你所有的經(jīng)驗和技巧都不可能得到最好的發(fā)揮。“夫至人者，上窺青天，下潛黃泉，揮斥八極，神氣不變。”人世間真正高明的人，向上可以看透蒼天，向下可以看清黃泉，世事萬象了然于心，在任何時刻都可以神氣不變，氣定神閑。答案與題解：1. D 第一段第一句講“節(jié)食可能不是非做不可的事”， 第二句講“即使上了年紀再節(jié)食，我們?nèi)匀挥锌赡茉诤艽蟪潭壬媳３智啻夯盍Α?，因此，“我們必須從小就開始節(jié)食”是錯誤的，D是答案。2. B 第二
32、段提及“一只高齡老鼠”的時候，作者談到 “只要連續(xù)四周限制它進食，它的肝臟基因就會變得和衰老前一樣充滿活力” 據(jù)此，“為了描述節(jié)食對老鼠所產(chǎn)中的影響”最好地回答了題干中的問題。3. D 第四段提到，“正常飼養(yǎng)的老鼠隨著年齡的增長有46條肝臟基因會發(fā)生變化，這種變化與炎癥和有機體組織無限激增有關(guān)”因此，D正確。4. A 第四段最后一個句子講“但最驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)是那些上了年紀才開始節(jié)食的老鼠也能從70%的基因變化中受益”?！白铙@人的”自然是“最令研究人員感興趣的”。C 文章的最后兩段談及Spindler對節(jié)食的看法。首先，他不能肯定節(jié)食是否值得。其次，他希望在不久的將來，我們不必節(jié)食。所以我們可以推知
33、，他認為節(jié)食不是得以健康長壽的好辦法。孫老師特別提示：機會只給有準備的人。Opportunities are only for the prepared person. 專業(yè)第25課 衛(wèi)生c閱讀重點文章孫老師特別提示：您有25分鐘完成一篇，不必著急。衛(wèi)生c閱讀重點文章第三篇 Cooking Oil Fumes 廚房油煙Cause引起 Tumor腫瘤（衛(wèi)生C） 廚房油煙可致癌 The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to dev
34、elop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study. Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local resident
35、s die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate. An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer, said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He foll
36、owed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,433 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the dis
37、ease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of womens bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen. However, local women were surprised
38、 to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods. Unless my family and I dont eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook, said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I hea
39、rd that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less. Doctors said womens lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with He. Smoking
40、 is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men, said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan Universitys Medical College. Its true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women. Hes research also warned people not to stand near
41、 of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said.練習(xí)：1. What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer tha
42、n women.B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males.D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 2. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai? A Heart disease. B B
43、reast cancer. C Infectious diseases. D Lung cancer. 3. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes? A Irritated eyes and throat.B Severe pain in both lungs.C Continuous cough and headache.D Difficulty in breathing. 4. What w
44、as the local womens reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer? A Happy. B Surprised. C Angry. D Careless. 5. Which of the following has relatively little connection with womens lung cancer? A Family cancer history.B Unhealthy dietary habits.C Weak immune systems.D Person
45、al health and physical condition.第三篇 Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor（衛(wèi)生C） 廚房油煙可致癌 The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study. Doctors announced the r
46、esults yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incid
47、ence rate. An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer, said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,433 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cas
48、es among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and
49、throat. About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of womens bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen. However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods. Unle
50、ss my family and I dont eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook, said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less. Doctors said womens lung cancer had
51、 few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with He. Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men, said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respirato
52、ry Disease Institute at Fudan Universitys Medical College. Its true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women. Hes research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is thr
53、ee times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said.練習(xí)：1. What a new tendency(趨勢) in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? 根據(jù)研究人員的結(jié)論,什么是肺癌的新趨勢?A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.C Patients with lung
54、cancer become older, especially males.D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 注：用關(guān)鍵詞在文章中按順序找到問題的出處，可能是關(guān)鍵詞的重復(fù)，以多個關(guān)鍵詞的重復(fù)為準。有可能題干中的關(guān)鍵詞（或答案）和文章中的關(guān)鍵詞（或答案）會產(chǎn)生變化即同義詞，如“土豆”“馬鈴薯”， “一碗豆腐”“豆腐一碗”, a used vehicle vehicles which are used a second-hand vehicle, humans people。在課文中尋找答案時也會出現(xiàn)同樣
55、情況，近年高考中有增加的趨勢。2. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai? 在上海當(dāng)?shù)氐木用裰心囊粋€疾病是最普遍的? A Heart disease. B Breast cancer. C Infectious diseases. D Lung cancer. 3. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact
56、 with cooking oil fumes? 大部分患有肺癌的婦女在長期近距離接觸油煙之后抱怨她們有什么癥狀?A Irritated eyes and throat.B Severe pain in both lungs.C Continuous cough and headache.D Difficulty in breathing. 4. What was the local womens reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer? 當(dāng)他們意識到油煙能致癌當(dāng)?shù)貗D女的反應(yīng)是什么?A Hap
57、py. B Surprised. C Angry. D Careless. 5. Which of the following has relatively little connection with womens lung cancer? 下列哪一個與婦女的肺癌相對沒有關(guān)系?A Family cancer history.B Unhealthy dietary habits.C Weak immune systems.D Personal health and physical condition.注意下例詞為否定詞 hardly no longer never. It is wrong
58、that.It is a mistaken that. Little, few, never, no longerThere is little water in the cup.There are few students in the classroom.第三篇 廚房油煙可致癌 醫(yī)學(xué)專家們經(jīng)過5年的研究調(diào)研后指出，城市人群中，男性患肺癌的首要原因是吸煙，而女性患此絕癥的罪魁禍首是廚房油煙。 醫(yī)生們昨天宣布這一結(jié)果，并對肺癌患病的一些新趨勢做出分析。他們認為病人越來越年輕化，尤其是女性。 據(jù)上海腫瘤研究所統(tǒng)計顯示，本市死于肺癌的居民多于死于其他疾病的人。肺癌成為繼乳腺癌之后的第二大高發(fā)病率腫
59、瘤。 上海民生中醫(yī)腫瘤診療中心何裕民醫(yī)生指出：“不健康的生活習(xí)慣是致癌的一個重要原因。” 他對2,276名肺癌患者進行了長達5年的追蹤調(diào)研。這些患者中有1,483名師男性。 報告顯示，案例中男性患者中70%是由吸煙誘發(fā)癌癥的，而直郵18%的女性患者是由于吸煙或被迫吸入二手煙才誘發(fā)癌癥的。 然而，60%以上患肺癌的女性都長期接觸廚房油煙并主訴眼睛和喉嚨疼痛難受。 大約32%的女性在滾開的油里煎炸食物而廚房卻密不透風(fēng)。而大約25%的女性居住的臥室緊鄰廚房。 但是，婦女們知道廚房油煙可以致癌時都很驚訝。其中一些人表示要改變準備飲食的方式。 “我每天都得下廚做飯，除非我和家人都不在家用餐”，李旭，一名45歲的婦女說，“我知道油煙對皮膚不好，但是還是第一次聽說油煙竟能致癌、我以后要少煎炸食物?！?醫(yī)生們認為，女性患肺癌和個人健康及身體狀況聯(lián)系極少，但和腫瘤家族病史、不健康的飲食習(xí)慣和脆弱的免疫系統(tǒng)聯(lián)系緊密。 其它專家同意何醫(yī)生的意見。 “吸煙已經(jīng)成為誘發(fā)男性肺癌最最大的因素，”上海復(fù)旦大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院呼吸道疾病研究所名譽主席譚彬用指出，“二手煙和廚房油煙的確是誘發(fā)女性肺癌的主要原因?！?他的研究同時也警告人們不要站在賣油炸食品的攤點旁，因為他們使用的油都是劣質(zhì)的。 專家稱，如果長時間接受油煙，患肺癌的幾率有常人的3倍那么高。M
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