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1、Chinas mold industry and its development trend 由于歷史原因形成的封閉式、“ 大 而全” 的 企業(yè)特征，我國(guó)大部分企業(yè)均設(shè)有模具車間，處于本廠的配套地位，自 70 年代末才有了模具工業(yè)化和生產(chǎn)專業(yè)化這個(gè)概念。 Due to historical reasons for the formation of closed, "big and complete" enterprise features, most enterprises in China are equipped with mold workshop, in factory match

2、ing status since the late 70s have a mold the concept of industrialization and specialization of production. 生產(chǎn)效率不高，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益較差。 Production efficiency is not high, poor economic returns. 模具行業(yè)的生產(chǎn)小而散亂，跨行業(yè)、投資密集，專業(yè)化、商品化和技術(shù)管理水平都比較低。 Mold production industry is small and scattered, cross-industry, capital-inte

3、nsive, professional, commercial and technical management level are relatively low. 據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，全國(guó)現(xiàn)有模具專業(yè)生產(chǎn)廠、產(chǎn)品廠配套的模具車間（分廠）近17000家，約60萬(wàn)從業(yè)人員，年模具總產(chǎn)值達(dá)200億元人民幣。 According to incomplete statistics, there are now specialized in manufacturing mold, the product supporting mold factory workshop (factory) near 17

4、000, about 600 000 employees, annual output value reached 20 billion yuan mold. 但是，我國(guó)模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)有能力只能滿足需求量的60％左右，還不能適應(yīng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。 However, the existing capacity of the mold and die industry can only meet the demand of 60%, still can not meet the needs of national economic development. 目前，國(guó)內(nèi)需要的大型、精密、復(fù)雜和長(zhǎng)壽命的

5、模具還主要依靠進(jìn)口。 At present, the domestic needs of large, sophisticated, complex and long life of the mold also rely mainly on imports. 據(jù)海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)，1997年進(jìn)口模具價(jià)值6.3億美元，這還不包括隨設(shè)備一起進(jìn)口的模具；1997年出口模具僅為7800萬(wàn)美元。 According to customs statistics, in 1997 630 million U.S. dollars worth of imports mold, not including the imp

6、ort of mold together with the equipment; in 1997 only 78 million U.S. dollars export mold. 目前我國(guó)模具工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平和制造能力，是我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)和制約經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸。 At present the technological level of China Die & Mould Industry and manufacturing capacity, Chinas national economy in the weak links and bottlenecks constraini

7、ng sustainable economic development. Technical level of Chinas mold industry currently uneven, with wide disparities. 從總體上來(lái)講，與發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國(guó)家及港臺(tái)地區(qū)先進(jìn)水平相比，還有較大的差距。 Generally speaking, with the developed industrial countries, Hong Kong and Taiwan advanced level, there is a large gap. 在采用CAD/CAM/CAE/CA

8、PP等技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)與制造模具方面，無(wú)論是應(yīng)用的廣泛性，還是技術(shù)水平上都存在很大的差距。 The use of CAD / CAM / CAE / CAPP and other technical design and manufacture molds, both wide application, or technical level, there is a big gap between both. 在應(yīng)用CAD技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)模具方面，僅有約10%的模具在設(shè)計(jì)中采用了CAD，距拋開(kāi)繪圖板還有漫長(zhǎng)的一段路要走；在應(yīng)用CAE進(jìn)行模具方案設(shè)計(jì)和分析計(jì)算方面，也才剛剛起步，大多還處于試用和動(dòng)畫(huà)游戲階段；在

9、應(yīng)用CAM技術(shù)制造模具方面，一是缺乏先進(jìn)適用的制造裝備，二是現(xiàn)有的工藝設(shè)備（包括近10多年來(lái)引進(jìn)的先進(jìn)設(shè)備）或因計(jì)算機(jī)制式（IBM微機(jī)及其兼容機(jī)、HP工作站等）不同，或因字節(jié)差異、運(yùn)算速度差異、抗電磁干擾能力差異等，聯(lián)網(wǎng)率較低，只有5%左右的模具制造設(shè)備近年來(lái)才開(kāi)展這項(xiàng)工作；在應(yīng)用CAPP技術(shù)進(jìn)行工藝規(guī)劃方面，基本上處于空白狀態(tài)，需要進(jìn)行大量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化基礎(chǔ)工作；在模具共性工藝技術(shù)，如模具快速成型技術(shù)、拋光技術(shù)、電鑄成型技術(shù)、表面處理技術(shù)等方面的CAD/CAM技術(shù)應(yīng)用在我國(guó)才剛起步。 In the application of CAD technology design molds, only a

10、bout 10% of the mold used in the design of CAD, aside from drawing board still has a long way to go; in the application of CAE design and analysis of mold calculation, it was just started, most of the game is still in trial stages and animation; in the application of CAM technology manufacturing mol

11、ds, first, the lack of advanced manufacturing equipment, and second, the existing process equipment (including the last 10 years the introduction of advanced equipment) or computer standard (IBM PC and compatibles, HP workstations, etc.) different, or because of differences in bytes, processing spee

12、d differences, differences in resistance to electromagnetic interference, networking is low, only about 5% of the mold manufacturing equipment of recent work in this task; in the application process planning CAPP technology, basically a blank state, based on the need for a lot of standardization wor

13、k; in the mold common technology, such as mold rapid prototyping technology, polishing, electroforming technologies, surface treatment technology aspects of CAD / CAM technology in China has just started. 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助技術(shù)的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)，尚處于較低水平，需要知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累。 Computer-aided technology, software development, is still at l

14、ow level, the accumulation of knowledge and experience required. 我國(guó)大部分模具廠、車間的模具加工設(shè)備陳舊，在役期長(zhǎng)、精度差、效率低，至今仍在使用普通的鍛、車、銑、刨、鉆、磨設(shè)備加工模具，熱處理加工仍在使用鹽浴、箱式爐，操作憑工人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)陋，能耗高。 Most of our mold factory, mold processing equipment shop old, long in the length of civilian service, accuracy, low efficiency, still use t

15、he ordinary forging, turning, milling, planing, drilling, grinding and processing equipment, mold, heat treatment is still in use salt bath, box-type furnace, operating with the experience of workers, poorly equipped, high energy consumption. 設(shè)備更新速度緩慢，技術(shù)改造，技術(shù)進(jìn)步力度不大。 Renewal of equipment is slow, tec

16、hnological innovation, technological progress is not much intensity. 雖然近年來(lái)也引進(jìn)了不少先進(jìn)的模具加工設(shè)備，但過(guò)于分散，或不配套，利用率一般僅有25%左右，設(shè)備的一些先進(jìn)功能也未能得到充分發(fā)揮。 Although in recent years introduced many advanced mold processing equipment, but are too scattered, or not complete, only about 25% utilization, equipment, some of th

17、e advanced functions are not given full play. 缺乏技術(shù)素質(zhì)較高的模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造工藝技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人，尤其缺乏知識(shí)面寬、知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)層次高的復(fù)合型人才。 Lack of technology of high-quality mold design, manufacturing technology and skilled workers, especially the lack of knowledge and breadth, knowledge structure, high levels of compound talents. 中國(guó)模具行業(yè)

18、中的技術(shù)人員，只占從業(yè)人員的8%~12%左右，且技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人的總體技術(shù)水平也較低。 Chinas mold industry and technical personnel, only 8% of employees 12%, and the technical personnel and skilled workers and lower the overall skill level. 1980年以前從業(yè)的技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人知識(shí)老化，知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)在的需要；而80年代以后從業(yè)的人員，專業(yè)知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)匱乏，動(dòng)手能力差，不安心，不愿學(xué)技術(shù)。 Before 1980, practitio

19、ners of technical personnel and skilled workers, the aging of knowledge, knowledge structure can not meet the current needs; and staff employed after 80 years, expertise, experience lack of hands-on ability, not ease, do not want to learn technology. 近年來(lái)人才外流不僅造成人才數(shù)量與素質(zhì)水平下降，而且人才結(jié)構(gòu)也出現(xiàn)了新的斷層，青黃不接，使得模具設(shè)計(jì)

20、、制造的技術(shù)水平難以提高。 In recent years, the brain drain caused by personnel not only decrease the quantity and quality levels, and personnel structure of the emergence of new faults, lean, make mold design, manufacturing difficult to raise the technical level. 我國(guó)模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 由于歷史原因形成的封閉式、“大而全”的企業(yè)特征，我國(guó)大部分企

21、業(yè)均設(shè)有模具車間，處于本廠的配套地位，自70年代末才有了模具工業(yè)化和生產(chǎn)專業(yè)化這個(gè)概念。生產(chǎn)效率不高，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益較差。模具行業(yè)的生產(chǎn)小而散亂，跨行業(yè)、投資密集，專業(yè)化、商品化和技術(shù)管理水平都比較低。 據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，全國(guó)現(xiàn)有模具專業(yè)生產(chǎn)廠、產(chǎn)品廠配套的模具車間（分廠）近17000家，約60萬(wàn)從業(yè)人員，年模具總產(chǎn)值達(dá)200億元人民幣。但是，我國(guó)模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)有能力只能滿足需求量的60％左右，還不能適應(yīng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)需要的大型、精密、復(fù)雜和長(zhǎng)壽命的模具還主要依靠進(jìn)口。據(jù)海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)，1997年進(jìn)口模具價(jià)值6.3億美元，這還不包括隨設(shè)備一起進(jìn)口的模具；1997年出口模具僅為7800萬(wàn)美元。目前

22、我國(guó)模具工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平和制造能力，是我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)和制約經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸。 我國(guó)模具工業(yè)目前技術(shù)水平參差不齊，懸殊較大。從總體上來(lái)講，與發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國(guó)家及港臺(tái)地區(qū)先進(jìn)水平相比，還有較大的差距。 在采用CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP等技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)與制造模具方面，無(wú)論是應(yīng)用的廣泛性，還是技術(shù)水平上都存在很大的差距。在應(yīng)用CAD技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)模具方面，僅有約10%的模具在設(shè)計(jì)中采用了CAD，距拋開(kāi)繪圖板還有漫長(zhǎng)的一段路要走；在應(yīng)用CAE進(jìn)行模具方案設(shè)計(jì)和分析計(jì)算方面，也才剛剛起步，大多還處于試用和動(dòng)畫(huà)游戲階段；在應(yīng)用CAM技術(shù)制造模具方面，一是缺乏先進(jìn)適用的制造裝備，二是現(xiàn)有的工藝設(shè)備（包括

23、近10多年來(lái)引進(jìn)的先進(jìn)設(shè)備）或因計(jì)算機(jī)制式（IBM微機(jī)及其兼容機(jī)、HP工作站等）不同，或因字節(jié)差異、運(yùn)算速度差異、抗電磁干擾能力差異等，聯(lián)網(wǎng)率較低，只有5%左右的模具制造設(shè)備近年來(lái)才開(kāi)展這項(xiàng)工作；在應(yīng)用CAPP技術(shù)進(jìn)行工藝規(guī)劃方面，基本上處于空白狀態(tài)，需要進(jìn)行大量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化基礎(chǔ)工作；在模具共性工藝技術(shù)，如模具快速成型技術(shù)、拋光技術(shù)、電鑄成型技術(shù)、表面處理技術(shù)等方面的CAD/CAM技術(shù)應(yīng)用在我國(guó)才剛起步。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助技術(shù)的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)，尚處于較低水平，需要知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累。我國(guó)大部分模具廠、車間的模具加工設(shè)備陳舊，在役期長(zhǎng)、精度差、效率低，至今仍在使用普通的鍛、車、銑、刨、鉆、磨設(shè)備加工模具，熱處理加工

24、仍在使用鹽浴、箱式爐，操作憑工人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)陋，能耗高。設(shè)備更新速度緩慢，技術(shù)改造，技術(shù)進(jìn)步力度不大。雖然近年來(lái)也引進(jìn)了不少先進(jìn)的模具加工設(shè)備，但過(guò)于分散，或不配套，利用率一般僅有25%左右，設(shè)備的一些先進(jìn)功能也未能得到充分發(fā)揮。 缺乏技術(shù)素質(zhì)較高的模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造工藝技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人，尤其缺乏知識(shí)面寬、知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)層次高的復(fù)合型人才。中國(guó)模具行業(yè)中的技術(shù)人員，只占從業(yè)人員的8%~12%左右，且技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人的總體技術(shù)水平也較低。1980年以前從業(yè)的技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人知識(shí)老化，知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)在的需要；而80年代以后從業(yè)的人員，專業(yè)知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)匱乏，動(dòng)手能力差，不安心，不愿學(xué)技術(shù)。近年來(lái)人才外流不僅造成人才數(shù)量與素質(zhì)水平下降，而且人才結(jié)構(gòu)也出現(xiàn)了新的斷層，青黃不接，使得模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造的技術(shù)水平難以提高。