英語必修一Unit4單詞講解

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1、Unit4 Earthquakes earthquake n. 地震 Eg: It is reported that an earthquake broke out last night in Southeast Asia. right away 立刻；馬上 同義詞： right now=straight away=at once=in no time=immediately 注意： right now除表示“立刻，馬上”之外， 還表示“現(xiàn)在，此刻”，比 now的語氣強(qiáng)， 相當(dāng)于 at this moment, at present，用于進(jìn)行 時(shí)。 well n. 井 Eg: A book i

2、s a well of knowledge. adj. 健康的 Eg: I hope you will get well soon. adv. 熟練地，有效地 Eg: He plays the piano very well for his age. smelly adj. 有臭味的，發(fā)臭的 Eg: His socks are smelly. 拓展： blood bloody cloud cloudy rain rainy greed greedy 詞根： smell 可用作系動(dòng)詞或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞，用 作系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“聞起來”；用作實(shí)義 動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“聞” Eg: You may smell the

3、 mixture and it smells terrible. blood + -y = bloody rain + -y = rainy cloud + -y = cloudy wind + -y = windy snow + -y = snowy greed + -y = greedy dream+-y = dreamy taste+ -y = tasty ice + -y = icy fat + -y = fatty mud+ -y = muddy fog + -y = foggy sun + -y = sunny 流血的 多云的 下雪的 幻想的 冷漠的，冰的 泥濘的 肥胖的 下雨的

4、多風(fēng)的 貪婪的 美味的 陽光燦爛的 有霧的 burst v.（使）爆裂；（使）破裂；（使）爆炸 Eg: You are going to burst the balloon if you are not careful. The balloon suddenly burst. v.猛沖；突然出現(xiàn) Eg: He burst into the room without knocking. burst into+ n.=burst out doing sth. 突然 起來 eg: burst into laughter=burst out laughing eg: 她突然笑起來。 She burst

5、 out laughing. She burst into . 他突然大哭起來。 He burst out crying. He burst into . n. 突然爆裂，爆發(fā) 短語： a burst of 一陣 eg: 一陣笑聲 laughter tears a burst of laughter 勃然大怒 a burst of anger burst into burst with 闖入 充滿 event n. （ 1） C（尤指涉及幾個(gè)人的）事件，大 事 Eg: That was an important historical event. （ 2） C（體育比賽等的）項(xiàng)目，賽事 Eg:

6、 The Olympic Games are important events in the sports world. 4. at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié) eg: 炎熱的天氣終于結(jié)束了。 The hot days are at last at an end. The hot days come to an end at last. be at an end = come to an end 結(jié)束 短語： put an end to=bringto an end 使 結(jié)束 eg: 他們應(yīng)該結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 They should put an end to the war. They should

7、 bring the war to an end. 辨析： at an end, in the end, at the end of, by the end of 1). at an end: 表示“終結(jié)，結(jié)束”，與 be動(dòng)詞連用。 eg: 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束了。 The war was at an end.= The war came to an end. 2). in the end: 表示“最終，終于”， 單獨(dú)使用作 狀語 。 eg: 最終他們放棄了那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。 They gave up the plan in the end. (at last) 3). at the end of: 表示“在 的

8、盡頭 /末尾” eg: 今年年底，我父親要回家。 My father will come home at the end of this year. He is at the end of his patience. 他已經(jīng)忍耐到極限了。 4). by the end of: 到 末為止，常與 完成時(shí)態(tài) 連用。 by the end of last 用于 過去 完成時(shí) by the end of next 用于 將來 完成時(shí) eg: 到上個(gè)月末為止，他在那條船上已經(jīng)待了兩年。 By the end of last month, he had been on that ship for two

9、years. 到下學(xué)期末為止，我將學(xué)會(huì) 3000多個(gè)英語單詞。 I will have learned more than 3000 English words by the end of next term. 5. nation n. 民族，國(guó)家，國(guó)民 單詞積累： national adj. 國(guó)家的，民族的，國(guó)營(yíng)的 nationality n. 國(guó)籍 辨析： nation, country, state 易混詞 辨析 例句 nation country state 側(cè)重指“人民”，即 “國(guó)民” The whole nation was in deep sorrow. 舉國(guó)悲痛。 側(cè)重指 “疆

10、土” ，即 “國(guó)土”。 He has been to many African countries.他去過許多非洲國(guó)家。 側(cè)重指 “政 權(quán)” “政體”，即 “國(guó)權(quán)” Hes a head of state. 他是一位國(guó)家元首。 ruin （ 1） n. U 毀壞；毀滅；滅亡 Eg: The war brought ruin to the country. （ 2） n. 倒塌的建筑物，廢墟 Eg: The castle now lies in ruins. 注意： ruin表示“廢墟，遺跡”，常用復(fù)數(shù)， 常構(gòu)成 in ruins，意為“嚴(yán)重受損，破敗不 堪”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，常用作表語或狀語。 （

11、3） v. （完全地）毀壞，毀掉；使破產(chǎn) Eg: I was ruined by that law case. 拓展： be in ruins 呈一片廢墟 bring sth to ruin 使某物毀滅 bring sb to ruin 使某人破產(chǎn) suffering n. U 疼痛，痛苦，折磨，苦難 eg: Death finally brought an end to her suffering. 注意： sufferings 表示“痛苦，苦惱” eg: The hospital aims to ease the sufferings of the dying. extreme （ 1）

12、adj. 極度（大）的；嚴(yán)重的；極端的； 過分的 Eg： extreme weather conditions 極端惡劣的 天氣情況 extreme sports 極限運(yùn)動(dòng) （ 2） n. C 完全相反的事物；極端，極度， 極限 Eg: extremes of cold, wind or rain 嚴(yán)寒，狂風(fēng)， 驟雨 拓展： go to extremes 走極端 injure hurt wound harm 指損害健康，成就，容 貌等，強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的喪失， 常指 事故中 的傷害 普通用語，既可指 肉體 上的傷害，也可指 精神 上， 感情 上的傷害 指槍傷，刀傷，刺傷等 皮肉之傷，尤指 戰(zhàn)場(chǎng) 上 所

13、受的傷 一般指?jìng)τ猩臇| 西，常指?jìng)?及人的健康， 權(quán)利，事業(yè) 等 A bullet injured his left eye. 一顆子彈傷了他的左眼。 I dont want to hurt you. 我不想傷害你。 The soldier was wounded badly. 這位士兵嚴(yán)重受傷。 Smoking seriously harmed his health. 吸煙嚴(yán)重地?fù)p害了他的健康。 track （ 1） n. C 足跡，蹤跡；軌道，跑道 Eg: We followed the bears tracks in the snow. （ 2） vt. 跟蹤，追蹤 Eg: We

14、continued tracking the plane on our radar. 拓展： keep track of 記錄；掌握 的線索 useless adj. 無用的，無效的，無價(jià)值的 Eg: He knew it was useless to protest. 固定句式： It is useless (no use) doing sth 做某事是無用的 shock （ 1） v. 使震驚；使驚愕；使難以置信 搭配： be shocked at 對(duì) 感到震驚 be shocked to do sth 懼怕做某事 eg: The murder of such a young child

15、deeply shocked the whole community. （ 2） v. （使）憤慨，（使）生氣 eg: Just ignore all their bad language they only do it to shock. （ 3） n. 令人震驚的（情況，消息） 搭配： be a shock to sb 對(duì)某人來說是一個(gè)打擊 eg: It was a real shock to hear that the factory would have to close. shocked adj. 驚愕的，感到震驚的 shocking adj. 令人震驚的 rescue （ 1） n

16、. C,U 救援，營(yíng)救；救援行動(dòng) eg: The rescue team made ten rescues in a week. （ 2） vt. 救援，拯救，解救 搭配： rescue sb/sth from 把 從 （地 方）解救出來 eg: They rescued the boy from the burning house. a rescue team 救援隊(duì) rescue worker 救援人員 trap （ 1） vt. （ trapped）困住，關(guān)住，使陷入危 險(xiǎn)中 搭配： be trapped in 困在 中 eg: The car was trapped in the de

17、ep snow. （ 2） n. C陷阱；困境；圈套，詭計(jì) eg: She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it. electricity n. U 電，電力 Eg: This machine is run/driven by electricity. 拓展： turn on/off electricity 接通 /切斷電源 electric adj. 用電的，電動(dòng)的 electrical adj. 電的，與電有關(guān)的 electronic adj.電子的 disaster n. 災(zāi)難，災(zāi)禍 Eg: The fire

18、was a great disaster. 拓展： a traffic disaster 一起交通事故 natural disaster 自然災(zāi)害 a disaster area 災(zāi)區(qū) dig out (dug) 挖出，翻找出 Eg: Why did you dig out those old magazines? 9. bury vt. 埋葬，掩埋，隱藏 eg: 她被安葬在她丈夫的墳邊。 She was buried beside her husbands grave. 她雙手捂著臉哭了起來。 She buried her face in her hands and cried. 短語： b

19、ury oneself in=be buried in. 專心于 ， 埋首于 bend ones mind/efforts/thoughts to devote oneself to=be devoted to 專心于 ，獻(xiàn)身于 be lost in 陷入 中 10. shelter n. 掩蔽，躲避處，避難，保護(hù) 短語： take shelter from 躲避 vt.&vi. 庇護(hù)，掩護(hù) (常與 from搭配使用 ) 意為“保護(hù) 不受 的傷害 /侵害” eg: 人們?cè)诎儇浬虉?chǎng)躲避陣雨。 People took shelter from the shower in the departmen

20、t store. 那些樹木庇護(hù)田地不受冷風(fēng)侵襲。 The trees shelter the field from the cold wind. title （ 1） n. C 標(biāo)題，題目 Eg: His novel was published under the title of Love and Reason. （ 2） n. C 職位名稱；職稱 Eg: The official title of the job is “Administrative Assistant”. （ 3） vt. （給書籍，樂曲等）加標(biāo)題 Eg: Their first album was titled “Oc

21、ean Drive”. 11. damage n.&vt. 損失，損害 eg: Smoking can damage your health. 抽煙會(huì)損害你的健康。 短語： do damage to 對(duì) 造成損害 12. frighten vt. 使驚嚇，嚇唬 frightened adj. 受驚的，受恐嚇的 frightening adj. 令人恐懼的 短語： be frightened at 受 驚嚇，見 大吃一驚 be frightened of sb/sth 害怕某人 /某物 同義詞： shock 近義詞： surprise congratulation n. 祝賀；恭賀；賀詞 搭配：

22、 offer/send ones congratulations to sb on sth 因某事向某人表示祝賀 Eg: We offered our congratulations to him on his success. congratulate vt.祝賀 搭配： congratulate sb on sth 因某事祝賀 某人 congratulate oneself on sth/doing sth/that 暗自慶幸 Eg: I heartily congratulate myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife. ju

23、dge （ 1） n. 裁判員，評(píng)判員；法官；審判員 Eg: The judges decision is final. （ 2） vt. 判斷；斷定；認(rèn)為 Eg: Judging by her letter, they are having a wonderful time. （ 3） vt. 裁判；評(píng)判；擔(dān)任裁判 Eg: She was asked to judge the essay competition. judge 是一個(gè)重要的動(dòng)詞，尤其要注意它所構(gòu)成 的分詞懸垂結(jié)構(gòu) judging from/by, 它在句中做 獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語的影響和限制，表達(dá)的 意義是說話者的看法或判斷。 express vt. 表示，表達(dá)，表露 搭配： express sth 表達(dá) /表露 express oneself 表達(dá)自己的思想感情 express itself 顯而易見，不言自明 Eg: Perhaps I have not expressed myself very well. Their pleasure expressed itself in a burst of applause.