（湖南專用）（新課標）高考英語二輪復習方案 專題限時集訓22 史地自然型閱讀理解

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1、專題限時訓練(二十二)　[史地自然型閱讀理解] (限時：25分鐘) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一) The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes. For thousands of years，Poly

2、nesian people lived in the remote island of Nauru，far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island. However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with

3、 Europeans at first.The whaling ships and other traders began to visit，bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A ten-year civil war started，which reduced the population from 1，400 to 900. Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 whe

4、n a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸鹽)on the island.In fact，it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate，which was a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate. A phosphate mine was not a hole in the ground；it was a strip mine.When a com

5、pany strip-mined，it removed the top layer of soil.Then it took away the material it wanted.Strip mining totally destroyed the land.Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon. In 1968，Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received m

6、illions and millions of dollars for its phosphate. Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out.Ninety perce

7、nt of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000，Nauru was financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen. 1．What might be the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To seek help

8、for Nauru's problems. B．To give a warning to other countries. C．To show the importance of money. D．To tell a heartbreaking story of a war. 2．What was Nauru like before the Europeans came? A．Rich and powerful. B．Modern and open. C．Peaceful and attractive. D．Greedy and aggressive. 3．The ecolo

9、gical disaster in Nauru resulted from________． A．soil pollution B．phosphate overmining C．farming activity D．whale hunting 4．Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem? A．Its leaders misused the money. B．It spent too much repairing the island. C．Its phosphate mining cost

10、much money. D．It lost millions of dollars in the civil war. 5．What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph? A．The ecological damage is difficult to repair. B．The leaders will take the experts' words seriously. C．The island was abandoned by the Nauruans. D．The phosphate mines were dest

11、royed. (二) If you are afraid of the dark，it's not a big deal.It's perfectly normal to feel afraid. After all，animals do，too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist.“It's a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.” Like kids，many animals experience fe

12、ar and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches. Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare so

13、me frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red-eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica. In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps(果凍一樣的塊狀物)of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle(懸掛)over ponds.After they hatch

14、from the eggs，the tadpoles(蝌蚪)then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs. Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim

15、，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape. If hatching early helps protect red-eyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs don't always hatch sooner.It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals li

16、ke to eat them, too.Staying in their eggs for 6 days，then，allows frog embryos(胚胎)to grow big and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water. 1．It can be inferred from the passage that fears________． A．help animals grow bigger and stronger B．a(chǎn)re less common among you

17、ng animals C．help animals move a lot to fit the environment D．a(chǎn)re more or less important for animals to survive 2．We are told in the passage that tree frogs________． A．face danger both inside their eggs and in the water B．will grow fast if they fall into the water later C．a(chǎn)re surprisingly clev

18、er when inside their eggs D．stay in their eggs longer if they are frightened 3．Why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？Because________． A．they like falling into the water early B．they want to grow into adult frogs C．they sense a hungry snake is about to attack D．frog embry

19、os can grow strong 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．What is fear? B．Why do we feel afraid? C．You feel afraid；animals do, too D．Fear is a good thing 5．What would be discussed in the following paragraph? A．Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of the schedule. B．How t

20、he unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them. C．Another example of animals that respond to fear in an unexpected way. D．How tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water. (三) Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the

21、 community, eco-friendly rain gardens(雨水花園) are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby. A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far more eco-friendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of

22、rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(浸入)slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply. Thus, a rain garden keeps the water, allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather tha

23、n flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two. This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and eco-friendly “green” way to treat storm water. What's more

24、, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment. Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%. Native plants are recommended for ra

25、in gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil, and water conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once the native plants establ

26、ish the necessary root system, it will require little care. Often, local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. However, you don't need to be a professional environmental engin

27、eer to create a rain garden. As long as you're eco-conscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards. 1．Which of the following is NOT true for the function of rain gardens? A. They are good for living conditions. B. They increase pollution.

28、 C. They can beautify the community. D. They improve the environment. 2．Which of the following is the eco-friendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4? A. They can keep the rain and storm water. B. They can help reduce the pollution problem. C. They can be healthy for

29、the people around. D. They can make the environment more beautiful. 3．One of the main reasons why native plants are recommended is that ________. A. they cost less and are much easier to get B. they may attract local wildlife to come C. they require little care from the local gardener

30、 D. they are more used to the local growing conditions 4．What do we know about rain gardens? A. They need little water after all the plants are planted. B. They usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week. C．They may attract local birds and change the local climate. D. They may reduce the

31、 water pollution problem by 70%. 5. Who are the intended readers of the passage? A. Homeowners. B. Students. C. Engineers. D. Educators. 專題限時訓練(二十二) (一) 【要點綜述】 文章主要講述了太平洋島國瑙魯如何從一個環(huán)境優(yōu)美的天堂島變成一個生態(tài)失衡、滿目瘡痍的小島。 1．B　 寫作意圖題。由文章第一段的“Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru's heartbreaking

32、story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.”可以看出，作者的目的是給當前很多只注重發(fā)展經(jīng)濟而忽略環(huán)境保護的國家一個警告。故選B項。 2. C　細節(jié)理解題。從第一段提到的“太平洋上的國家瑙魯島曾經(jīng)是一個美麗的地方”看出，瑙魯島是attractive；由第二段第一句以及第三段第一句可知，上千年來，瑙魯島的人們生活在偏遠的小島上，過著平靜的生活。故選C項。 3．B　 細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的“Soon people realized that they had a ter

33、rible problem—their phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.”可以得知“磷酸鹽逐漸減少，開采殆盡”。由此可以看出，“磷酸鹽的過量開采”導致了生態(tài)災難。故選B項。 4．A　 細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的“Unfortunately，the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition，they used millions more

34、 dollars for personal expenses.”看出，是領導人不正確使用資金導致了財政問題。故選A項。 5．A　 推理判斷題。文章最后告訴我們：Experts say that it would take approximately $433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.也就是說，瑙魯島上的生態(tài)損失彌補起來需要大量的資金和時間，即選項所說的“修復起來很難”。故選A項。 (二) 【要點綜述】 本文主要論述的是恐懼是人類和動物常見的一種現(xiàn)象，有時恐懼是一件好事。動物對于恐懼的反應是不同的，有些反應方式

35、甚至超乎人們的想象。 1．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)“…because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”可知D項正確。 2．A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.”和“Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them，too.”

36、可知，它們在孵化期間害怕蛇的攻擊，在水里害怕被其他動物吃掉。故選A項。 3．C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.”可知，因為對它們有威脅的蛇不會游泳，所以提前孵化出來，掉到水里，蝌蚪就能夠逃離蛇的攻擊了。故選C項

37、。 4．D　主旨大意題。文章通過舉例說明害怕是一件好事。故選D項。 5．C　篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)“Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs.”可知，既然這是舉例，有了第一個例子，那么它的后面還會有例子。故選C項。 (三) 【要點綜述】 本文主要介紹了環(huán)境友好型的雨水花園是如何運作的。 1．B　細節(jié)理解題。由第四段第一句“What

38、's more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.”可知，雨水花園不會增加污染，故B項有誤。由第一段“Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, eco-friendly rain gardens(雨水花園) are healthy for the environment and the people living and working ne

39、arby.”可知，雨水花園可以美化社區(qū)、改善環(huán)境以及對居住環(huán)境有益，為環(huán)境友好型花園，故A、C、D三項正確。 2．B　細節(jié)理解題。由第四段第一句“What's more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment.”可知，雨水花園可以幫助減少污染。 3．D　細節(jié)理解題。由第五段第一、二句“Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil

40、, and water conditions.”可知，建議種本地的植物是因為本地的植物更適應本地的環(huán)境。 4．B　細節(jié)理解題。由第五段第三句“Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week.”可知，雨水花園需要一個星期一英寸的雨水。 5．A　推理判斷題。由本文最后一句“As long as you're eco-conscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.”可知本文主要是寫給房主的。