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摘 要
電力機車本身不帶原動機，靠接受接觸電網(wǎng)送來的電流作為能源，由牽引電動機驅(qū)動機車的車輪。電力機車具有功率大、熱效率高、速度快、過載能力強和運行可靠等主要優(yōu)點，而且不污染環(huán)境，特別適用于運輸繁忙的鐵路干線和隧道多，坡度大的山區(qū)鐵路。
電力機車的工作原理，接觸導線上的電流，經(jīng)受電弓進入機車后經(jīng)過主斷路器再進入主變壓器，交流電從主變壓器的牽引繞組經(jīng)過硅機組整流后，向六臺分兩組并聯(lián)的牽引電動機集中供應直流電，使牽引電動機產(chǎn)生轉矩，將電能轉變?yōu)闄C械能，經(jīng)過齒輪的傳遞驅(qū)動機車動輪轉動。
受電弓動作原理：
（1）升弓：壓縮空氣經(jīng)電空閥均勻進入傳動氣缸，氣缸活塞壓縮氣缸內(nèi)的降弓彈簧，此時升弓彈簧使下臂桿轉動，抬起上框架和滑板，受電弓勻速上升，在接近接觸線時有一緩慢停滯，然后訊速接觸接觸線。
（2）降弓：傳動氣缸內(nèi)壓縮空氣經(jīng)受電弓緩沖閥迅速排向大氣，在降弓彈簧作用下，克服升弓彈簧的作用力，使受電弓迅速下降，脫離接觸網(wǎng)。
關鍵詞：電力機車 受電弓 氣缸 活塞
Abstract
Non-electric locomotive prime mover itself, by the acceptance of the Catenary current as a source of energy delivered by the traction motor drive the wheels of locomotives. Electric locomotive with power, and thermal efficiency, high speed, overloading strong and reliable operation of the major advantages and do not pollute the environment, especially suitable for heavy transport and tunnel rail link and more, steep slope and the mountain railway.
The working principle of electric locomotive, the current contact wire, stood the locomotive pantograph After entering the main circuit breaker re-entering the main transformer, alternating current from the main traction transformer winding through silicon rectifier unit, the two groups of six parallel to the traction motor focus on the supply of direct current to produce torque traction motor, electrical energy into mechanical energy, through the transmission gear-driven locomotive drive wheels turning.
? Pantograph action principle:
(1) bow up: electro-pneumatic valve by compressed air evenly into the drive cylinder, the cylinder piston within the cylinder compression spring bow down, bow or spring at this time so that the next boom rotation, raised his skateboard on the framework and by pantograph uniform increase near the contact line when there is a slow stagnation, and then contact the contact line rapidly.
(2) bow down: Transmission of compressed air cylinder valve to withstand the rapid pantograph buffer row into the atmosphere, in the spring bow down under the arch or to overcome the spring force, so that the pantograph to drop rapidly from the catenary.
Key words: ectric locomotive pantograph cylinder piston