柴油機(jī)傳動機(jī)構(gòu)蓋板零件工藝夾具設(shè)計[2套夾具]（含CAD圖紙和說明書）

柴油機(jī)傳動機(jī)構(gòu)蓋板零件工藝夾具設(shè)計[2套夾具]（含CAD圖紙和說明書）,2套夾具,柴油機(jī),傳動,機(jī)構(gòu),蓋板,零件,工藝,夾具,設(shè)計,cad,圖紙,以及,說明書,仿單 普通鉆床改造為多軸鉆床 目前，我國中、小型企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)景和生產(chǎn)效率都需要有一個新的提高.但是加工乎段 卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足需要.許多中小犁企仲都結(jié)合自已的實際對設(shè)務(wù)的技術(shù)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，通過強(qiáng)化自身.以求自我發(fā)展普通鉆床為單軸機(jī)床，但安裝上多軸箱就會成為多軸的鉆床，改造成多軸鉆床后，能大大地縮短加工時間，提高生產(chǎn)效率。 多軸加工應(yīng)用:據(jù)統(tǒng)計，一般在車tM中普通機(jī)床的平均切削時t}}很少超過全部工作時聞為15%,其余時間是看圖、裝卸工件、調(diào)換刀具、操作機(jī)床、測量以及清除鐵屑等等。使用數(shù)控機(jī)床雖然能提高85%.擔(dān)購置費用大。某些情況下，即使生戶率高，們加工布川司的零fl，其成木不一定比普通機(jī)床低。故必須史多地縮短加{時間。不同的加l方法有不同的特點，就鉆削加工而言，多軸加工是種通過少景投資來提高生戶率的有效拈施多軸加工優(yōu)勢:雖然不可調(diào)式多軸頭在白動線中早有應(yīng)川，但只局限于大批最生產(chǎn)。即使采用可調(diào)式多軸頭擴(kuò)大了使用范IT-1，仍然遠(yuǎn)小能滿足批景小、孔型復(fù)雜的要求。尤其隨著丁業(yè)的發(fā)展，大型復(fù)雜的多軸加工史是引人注日。例如原子能發(fā)電站.{汀大型冷凝器水冷壁管板有15000個w 20孔，若以搖臂鉆床加工，單單鉆孔與德沉頭孔就要842. 5小時，另外還要劃線丁時151.1小時但若以數(shù)控八軸落地鉆床加工，鉆惚孔只要171.6小時，劃線也簡單，只要上.9小時。因此，利川數(shù)控控制灼_個坐標(biāo)軸，使刀具正確地對準(zhǔn)加工位置，結(jié)合多軸加丁小但可以擴(kuò)大加工范IT-1，而且在提高精度的基礎(chǔ)上還能大大地提高工效，迅速地制造出原來不易加T的零fl。有人分析大型高速柴汕機(jī)30種箱形與桿形零件的2000多個鉆孔操作中，有40%可以在自動更換主軸箱機(jī)床中用二軸、二軸或四軸多軸頭加卜平均可減少20%的加丁時間。1975年法國巴黎機(jī)床展覽會也反映了多軸加丁的使用愈來愈多這一趨勢。 多軸加工的設(shè)備:多軸加工是在一次進(jìn)給中同時加工許多孔或同時在許多相同或不同工什{_各加工一個孔。這不僅縮短切削時Ni,提高精度，減少裝夾或定位時間，并且在數(shù)控機(jī) 床中小必計算坐標(biāo)，減少宇塊數(shù)而簡化編程?！芽梢圆捎靡韵乱淮嗽O(shè)備進(jìn)行加丁:立鉆或搖臂鉆上裝多軸頭、多車解占床、多車帷隊合機(jī)床心及自動更換主軸箱機(jī)床。甚至可以通過一個能自動調(diào)節(jié)軸趾的土軸或多軸箱，結(jié)合數(shù)控工作臺縱橫一個方向的運動，加工各種圓形或橢圓形孔組的個或幾個工序?，F(xiàn)在就這方面的現(xiàn)狀作一簡介。 多軸頭:從傳動方式來說土要有齒輪傳動與萬向聯(lián)軸節(jié)傳動一種。這是大家所熟悉的。前者效率較高，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，后者易于調(diào)攀軸即。從結(jié)構(gòu)來說有不可調(diào)式與可調(diào)式_種。前者軸距不能改變，多采用齒輪傳動，僅適用于大批量生產(chǎn)。為了擴(kuò)大其贊許適應(yīng)性，發(fā)展了可調(diào)式多軸頭，在一定范III內(nèi)可if(iMItBL。它主要裝在有萬向二種。(1)萬向軸式也有二種具有對準(zhǔn)裝置的土軸。土軸裝在可調(diào)交架中，而可調(diào)交架能在殼體的丁形槽中移動，并能在對準(zhǔn)的位置以螺栓固定。(2)具有公);t的圓Ri形主軸套。主軸套固定在與式件孔型相同的模板中前一種適川于批量小且孔組是規(guī)則分布的工件〔如孔fl[分布在不同直徑的圓周}_)。后一種適用十批章較大式中小批章的輪番生產(chǎn)中，剛性較好，孔距精度亦高，但不同孔型需要不同的模板。多軸頭可以裝在立鉆式搖臂鉆床}_，按鉆床木身所具有的各種功能進(jìn)行工作。這種多軸加工方法，由于鉆孔效率、加丁范PrIl及精度的關(guān)系，使用范PrIl有限。 多軸箱:也象多軸頭那樣作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部件牛產(chǎn)。美國Sert。公司標(biāo)準(zhǔn)齒輪箱、多軸箱等設(shè)計的不可調(diào)式多軸箱口有32種規(guī)格，加I川積從300 X 300毫米到600 X 1050毫米，I作軸達(dá)60根，動力達(dá)22.5千瓦。ROmni工)生產(chǎn)的可調(diào)多軸箱調(diào)招方便，只要先把齒輪調(diào)招到接近孔型的位置，然后把與它聯(lián)接的可調(diào)軸移動到正確的位置。因此，這種結(jié)構(gòu)只要改變模板，輪輻六軸專用鉆床就能在一定范圍內(nèi)容易地改變孔型,并且可以達(dá)到比普通多軸箱更小灼孔即o根據(jù)成織加工原理使用多軸箱或多軸頭的織合機(jī)床很適用于人中批景生產(chǎn)為」在加工中獲得良好的效果，必需考慮以下數(shù)點:(1)工件裝夾簡單，有足夠的冷卻液沖走鐵屑。(2 )夾具剛性好，加工時不形變，分度定位正確。(3)使用二組刀具的可能性，以便一組使用，另組刃磨與調(diào)蔡，從而縮短換刀停機(jī)時間。(4)使用優(yōu)質(zhì)刀具，監(jiān)視刀具是否變鈍，鉆頭要機(jī)磨。(5)尺寸超差時能立即發(fā)現(xiàn)多軸鉆床:這是一種能滿足多軸加工要求的鉆床。諸如異向、功率、進(jìn)給、轉(zhuǎn)速與加工范ICI等。巴黎展覽會中展出的多軸鉆床多具液壓進(jìn)給。其整個工作循壞如快進(jìn)、工進(jìn)與清除鐵屑等都是自動進(jìn)行口位得注意的是，多數(shù)具有單獨的變速機(jī)構(gòu)，這樣可以適應(yīng)某一組孔中不同孔徑的加工需要。1.2.4自動更換主軸箱機(jī)床為了中小批最生產(chǎn)合理化的需要，最近幾年發(fā)展了自動更換主軸莉組合機(jī)床。 (L)自動更換土軸機(jī)床 自動更換土軸機(jī)床頂部是回轉(zhuǎn)式土軸箱庫，掛有多個不可調(diào)土軸莉?？v橫1'Z線ii予先編好工作程序，使相應(yīng)的主軸箱進(jìn)入加工工位，定位緊并與動力聯(lián)接，然后裝有工件的工作臺轉(zhuǎn)動到土軸箱下面，向上移動進(jìn)行加工。當(dāng)變更加工對琢?xí)r，只要調(diào)換懸抖的主軸箱，就能適應(yīng)不同孔刑與不同工序的需要。 (2)多軸轉(zhuǎn)塔機(jī)床 轉(zhuǎn)塔}_裝置多個不可調(diào)或萬向聯(lián)軸節(jié)土軸箱，轉(zhuǎn)塔能自動轉(zhuǎn)位，并對夾kll在回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺的工件作進(jìn)給運動。通過工作臺問轉(zhuǎn)，可以加工工件的多個而。因為轉(zhuǎn)塔不宜過大，故它的工位數(shù)一般不超過月一6個。且主軸箱也不宜過大。當(dāng)加工對象的工序較多、尺寸較大時，就不如自動更換土軸箱機(jī)林合適，但它的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單。 (3)自動更換土軸箱織合機(jī)床它由自動線或組合機(jī)床中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部件組成。不可調(diào)多軸莉與動力莉按置在水平底座{_，土軸箱庫轉(zhuǎn)動時招個裝置緊固在進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的溜板上土軸箱庫轉(zhuǎn)動與進(jìn)給動作都按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)了程序工作。換土軸箱時fall為幾秒鐘。工件夾緊于液壓分度回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺，以便加工工{vi的各個血。好果回轉(zhuǎn)}作臺配以卸料裝置，就能合流水生產(chǎn)自動化。在可變生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中采用這種裝置，廠配以相應(yīng)的控制器可以獲得完整的加工系統(tǒng)(的數(shù)控八軸落地鉆床大型冷凝器的水冷壁管板的孔多達(dá)15000個，’自與支撐板聯(lián)接在一起加工?？讖綖?0毫米，孔深180毫米。采用具有內(nèi)冷卻管道的麻花鉆，5一了巴壓力的冷卻液可直接進(jìn)入切削區(qū)，有利十排屑。鉆尖磨成900供自動定心。它比普通麻花鉆耐用，且進(jìn)給認(rèn)大。為了縮短加工時NJ，以8軸數(shù)控落地加工多軸加工趨勢多軸加{生產(chǎn)效率高，投資少，生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備周期短，產(chǎn)品改型時設(shè)各f%失少而目隨著我國數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展，多軸加工的范一刊定會愈來愈)，加工效率也會不斷提高生產(chǎn)任務(wù):在批鑄鐵連接件上有同個面上有多個孔加工。在普通立式鉆床上進(jìn)行孔加工，通常是一個孔一個孔的鉆削，生產(chǎn)效率低，用非標(biāo)設(shè)備，即組合機(jī)床加工，生產(chǎn)效率高，但設(shè)備投資大但把一批普通立式普通單軸鉆床改造為立式多車解占床，改造后的多軸鉆床，可以同時完成多個孔的鉆、擴(kuò)、鉸、等工序。輪輻六軸專用鉆床。 General transformation of multi-axis drilling machine drilling machin At present, China's small and medium enterprises in product quality and production efficiency are the need for a new increase. But the processing means is far from sufficient. Many small and medium enterprises with their actual technical state of equipment improvements, through strengthening its own. In order to self-development.Common drilling for single-axis machine tools, but the installation will become a multi-axis multi-axle box of the drill, transformation into a multi-axis drilling, we could greatly shorten the processing time, improve production efficiency. Application of multi-axis machining:According to statistics, in general machine tools in the workshop in general, the average cutting time rarely exceeds 15% of total working hours. The remaining time is plug-in, loading and unloading the workplace, exchange tools, operation tools, measurements, and clear the iron filings and so forth. Although the use of CNC machine tools can improve 85%, but the purchase of costly. In some cases, even if the high productivity, but the processing of the same components, the cost is not necessarily lower than the average machine. Therefore must be more to shorten the processing time. Different processing methods have different characteristics, the drilling process, the multi-axis machining is a small investment to increase productivity through effective measures. The advantages of multi-axis machining:Although it is not the first in automatic multi-axis adjustable long line applications, but only limited to high-volume production. Even with the a司ustable multi-axis head expanded the scope of use is still far from being able to meet the volume is small, hole complex requirements. In particular, as industrial development, large and complex multi-axis machining is even more compelling. For example, large-scale nuclear power plants in the water-wall tube plate condenser has 15000 w20 holes, if radial drilling machine processing, and simply drilling holes and countersink countersunk head is necessary to 842.5 hours, while also crossed hours 151.1 hours. However, if the 8-axis CNC machining floor drilling, drilling countersink holes as long as 171.6 hours, crossed is also simple, as long as 1.9 hours. Therefore, the use of numerical control of two axis, so that proper alignment tool processing location, combined with multi-axis machining can not only expand the range of processing, but also on the basis of improving the accuracy can greatly enhance the work efficiency, easy to quickly create original processing parts. Some analysis of large high-speed diesel engine with 30 kinds of box-shaped rod-shaped parts of the more than 2,000 drilling operations, 40% could be the automatic replacement of machines using two-axis spindle box, three-axis or four-axis multi-axis machining head, the average can be reduced 20% of the processing time. Machine Tool Exhibition in Paris in 1975 also reflected the multi-axis machining using more and more the trend Multi-axis machining equipment:Multi-axis machining is the same time in a feed processing a number of holes or simultaneously in many of the same or different processing of a workpiece on each hole. This will not only shorten the cutting time and improve accuracy, reduce fixiuring or positioning time, and in the CNC machine tool is notnecessary to calculate the coordinates, reducing the number of character blocks and simplified programming. It can be processed using the following equipment: radial drilling vertical drilling, or upload multi-axis head, multi-axis drilling machine, multi-axis modular machine tool spindle box heart and automatic replacement of machines. May even be able to automatically adjust wheelbase by two or more of the spindle axle box, junction All CNC vertical and horizontal table two directions of movement, processing a variety of round or oval-shaped hole group of one or several steps. Now the status quo in this regard to make a profile. Multi-Axis Head:Transmission is from the main drive gear drive with two kinds of universal joint couplings. This is our familiar. Former is more efficient, simple structure, which is easy to adjust wheelbase. From the structure is concerned there is not adjustable and the adjustable two kinds. The former can not change the wheelbase, multi-use gear drive, only applies to high-volume production. Adaptability in order to expand its approval to develop a multi-axis adjustable head, in a certain range adjustable wheelbase. It is mainly mounted in a universal. Two. (1) there are two kinds of universal axis: alignment device with a spindle. Spindle mounted on adjustable bracket in an adjustable bracket can be T-shaped slot in the shell move, and the position in alignment with bolted. (2) with a tolerance of cylindrical spindle units. Set of fixed spindle hole with pieces of the same type template. The former applies to small batch and the rules of distribution of pore groups are artifacts (such as the hole groups in different diameter circle). The latter applies to a larger batch-type production of small quantities of turns, rigid better pitch accuracy is also high, but a different hole requires a different template. Multi-axis head can be mounted on vertical drilling pe radial drilling machine, press the drill itself with the various functions work. This multi-axis processing methods, due to drilling efficiency, range and accuracy of processing of the relationship between the use of limited scope. Multi-axle box:As also the first multi-axis as the production as a standard component. U.S. Secto's standard gear boxes, multi-axle box, etc. are not designed adjustable multi-axle box. 32 kinds of specifications, process size from 300X300 mm to 600X1050 mm, the working-axis up to 60, and power up to 22.5 kilowatts. Romai factory adjustable multi-axle box easy to adjust, as long as the gear should first be adjusted to the location near the pass and then connected with its adjustable-axis move to the correct location. Therefore, this structure changes as long as the template, will be able to pass a certain extent change the content of shoes, and can reach more than ordinary axle box smaller pitch According to principles of the use of group processing the first multi-axle, or a combination of multi-axis machine tool is applicable to large and medium volume production. In order to process to get good results, need to consider the following points: (1) workpiece clamping simple, there is enough coolant away iron filings. (2) The fixture rigidity, processing, without deformation, dividing the right position. (3) the possibility of using the two group knives for a group to use, another set of grinding and adjustment, thereby reducing tool change downtime. (4) The use of quality tools to monitor whether the blunt tool, drill grinding to machine. (5) Dimensions can be detected immediately when the ultra-poor. Multi-axis drilling machine:This is a multi-axis machining to meet the requirements of the drill. Such as orientation, power, feed, speed and processing range Displayed at the Paris Exhibition of multi-axis drilling machine with hydraulic multi-feed Throughout its work, such as fast-forward through the bad, workers enter and clear the iron filings are all automatically. It is noteworthy that the majority of encies with separate variable speed, so that one group can adapt to the different pore size hole processing needs. 1.2.4 automatic replacement machine tool spindle box In order to rationalize the needs of small and medium volume production in recent years the development of the automatic replacement of modular machine tool spindle box. (1) The automatic replacement spindle machine Automatic replacement of rotary spindle machine tool spindle box at the top is a library, there are several non-adjustable hanging spindle box. Vertical and horizontal patch panel to the first series of good working procedures, so that the corresponding spindle box into the processing station, location and with the power connection tight, and then turn to the table with the workpiece spindle box below, upward mobility for processing. When the change processing object, as long as the exchange suspension spindle box, you can pass with different processes for different needs. (2) The multi-axis machine tool turret Turret to install more non-adjustable or universal coupling spindle box, turret can automatically switch to digital, and clamp the workpiece in the rotary table to feed motion. Through the rotary table can be a number of workpiece surface. Because the turret not be too big, so it is generally not exceed the median of workers 4-6. And the spindle box is also not too large. When the machining process more objects, size larger, it should automatically replace the machine tool spindle box fit, but its simple structure. (3) Automatic replacement of modular machine tool spindle box It consists of automatic line or a combination of standard machine parts. Non-adjustable multi-axle box and power box by home base in the horizontal, the spindle rotates, the entire case library fastening device to the system in the slip into the board. Library eadstock rotation and feed movement is based on standard routines of work. Headstock time for a few seconds. Clamping the hydraulic sub-degree rotary table so that each workpiece surface. Good fruit rotary table accompanied by discharging device, we can co-flow production automation. In the variable production system using this device, accompanied by the corresponding controller can obtain a complete processing system. (4) 8-axis CNC drill floor Large condenser water wall tube plate holes as many as 15,000, which linked together with the support plate processing. Diameter of 20 mm, hole depth 180 mm. Used inside the cooling pipe has a twist drill ,5-7 bar pressure, coolant directly into the cutting area is conducive to chip removal. And ground into a 90 0d rill point for the self-centering. Durable than regular twist drill, and a large quantity of feed. To shorten the processing time to 8-axis CNC machining floor. trends in multi-axis machining:Multi-axis machining high production efficiency, low investment and production preparation cycle is short, product modification, when a small loss of equipment. And as China's CNC technology, the scope of multi-axis machining will become the broad, processing efficiency will be improved. Multi-axis drilling machine:This is a multi-axis machining to meet the requirements of the drill. Such as orientation, power, feed, speed and processing range Displayed at the Paris Exhibition of multi-axis drilling machine with hydraulic multi-feed Throughout its work, such as fast-forward through the bad, workers enter and clear the iron filings are all automatically. It is noteworthy that the majority of encies with separate variable speed, so that one group can adapt to the different pore size hole processing needs. 1.2.4 automatic replacement machine tool spindle box In order to rationalize the needs of small and medium volume production in recent years the development of the automatic replacement of modular machine tool spindle box. (1) The automatic replacement spindle machine Automatic replacement of rotary spindle machine tool spindle box at the top is a library, there are several non-adjustable hanging spindle box. Vertical and horizontal patch panel to the first series of good working procedures, so that the corresponding spindle box into the processing station, location and with the power connection tight, and then turn to the table with the workpiece spindle box below, upward mobility for processing. When the change processing object, as long as the exchange suspension spindle box, you can pass with different processes for different needs. (2) The multi-axis machine tool turret Turret to install more non-adjustable or universal coupling spindle box, turret can automatically switch to digital, and clamp the workpiece in the rotary table to feed motion. Through the rotary table can be a number of workpiece surface. Because the turret not be too big, so it is generally not exceed the median of workers 4-6. And the spindle box is also not too large. When the machining process more objects, size larger, it should automatically replace the machine tool spindle box fit, but its simple structure (3) Automatic replacement of modular machine tool spindle box It consists of automatic line or a combination of standard machine parts. Non-adjustable multi-axle box and power box by home base in the horizontal, the spindle rotates, the entire case library fastening device to the system in the slip into the board. Library eadstock rotation and feed movement is based on standard routines of work. Headstock time for a few seconds. Clamping the hydraulic sub-degree rotary table so that each workpiece surface. Good fruit rotary table accompanied by discharging device, we can co-flow production automation. In the variable production system using this device,accompanied by the corresponding controller can obtain a complete processing system. (4) 8-axis CNC drill floor Large condenser water wall tube plate holes as many as 15,000, which linked together with the support plate processing. Diameter of 20 mm, hole depth 180 mm. Used inside the cooling pipe has a twist drill ,5-7 bar pressure, coolant directly into the cutting area is conducive to chip removal. And ground into a 90 0d rill point for the self-centering. Durable than regular twist drill, and a large quantity of feed. To shorten the processing time to 8-axis CNC machining floor. trends in multi-axis machining:Multi-axis machining high production efficiency,low investment and production preparation cycle is short, product modification, when a small loss of equipment. And as China's CNC technology, the scope of multi-axis machining will become the broad, processing efficiency will be improved.