輕型載貨汽車制動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)（前盤(pán)后鼓式制動(dòng)器）

輕型載貨汽車制動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)（前盤(pán)后鼓式制動(dòng)器）,輕型,載貨,汽車,制動(dòng)器,設(shè)計(jì),前盤(pán)后鼓式 附 錄1現(xiàn)代汽車制動(dòng)器發(fā)展淺析 國(guó)內(nèi)汽車盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器應(yīng)用情況隨著我國(guó)汽車工業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,特別是轎車工業(yè)的發(fā)展,合資企業(yè)的引進(jìn)，國(guó)外先進(jìn)技術(shù)的進(jìn)入，汽車上采應(yīng)用盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器配置才逐步在我國(guó)形成規(guī)模。特別是在提高整車性能、保障安全、提高乘車者的舒適性，滿足人們不斷提高的生活物質(zhì)需求、改善生活環(huán)境等方面都發(fā)揮了很大的作用。1. 在轎車、微型車、輕卡、SUV及皮卡方面：在從經(jīng)濟(jì)與實(shí)用的角度出發(fā)，一般采用了混合的制動(dòng)形式，即前車輪盤(pán)式制動(dòng)，后車輪鼓式制動(dòng)。因轎車在制動(dòng)過(guò)程中，由于慣性的作用，前輪的負(fù)荷通常占汽車全部負(fù)荷的70%80%，所以前輪制動(dòng)力要比后輪大。生產(chǎn)廠家為了節(jié)省成本，就采用了前輪盤(pán)式制動(dòng)，后輪鼓式制動(dòng)的混合匹配方式。采用前盤(pán)后鼓式混合制動(dòng)器，這主要是出于成本上的考慮，同時(shí)也是因?yàn)槠囋诰o急制動(dòng)時(shí)，軸荷前移，對(duì)前輪制動(dòng)性能的要求比較高，這類前制動(dòng)器主要以液壓盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器為主流，采用液壓油作傳輸介質(zhì)，以液壓總泵為動(dòng)力源，后制動(dòng)器以液壓式雙泵雙作用缸制動(dòng)蹄匹配。目前大部分轎車(中檔類如夏利、吉利、神龍富康、上海華普、捷達(dá))、微型車（長(zhǎng)安之星、昌河、豐田海獅、天津華利、江鈴全順）、高端輕卡（東風(fēng)小霸王、江鈴、瑞風(fēng)、南京依維柯）、SUV及皮卡（湖南長(zhǎng)豐、江鈴皮卡）等采用前盤(pán)后鼓式混合制動(dòng)器。2004年我國(guó)共產(chǎn)此類車計(jì)110萬(wàn)輛以上。但隨著高速公路等級(jí)的提高，乘車檔次的上升，特別上國(guó)家安全法規(guī)的強(qiáng)制實(shí)施，前后輪都用盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器是趨勢(shì)。2. 在大型客車方面：氣壓盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器產(chǎn)品技術(shù)先進(jìn)性明顯，可靠性總體良好，具有創(chuàng)新性和技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的集成性。歐美國(guó)家自上世紀(jì)90年代初開(kāi)始將盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器用于大型公交車。至2000年，盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器（前后制動(dòng)均為盤(pán)式）已經(jīng)成為歐美國(guó)家城市公交車的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置。我國(guó)從1997年開(kāi)始在大客車和載重車上推廣盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器及 A BS防抱死系統(tǒng)，因進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品價(jià)格太高，主要用于高端產(chǎn)品。2004年7月1日交通部強(qiáng)制在7-12米高型客車上 “必須”配備后，國(guó)產(chǎn)盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器得以大行其道。北京公交電車公司、上海公交、武漢公交、長(zhǎng)沙公交、深圳公交、廣州公交等公司，都在使用為大客車匹配的氣壓盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器。生產(chǎn)廠家主要有：宇通公司2004年產(chǎn)20000多輛客車，其中使用盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器的客車已占一半多；宇通公司自制底盤(pán)部份是由二汽在EQ153前后橋基礎(chǔ)升級(jí)更改的，每年有10000多套。二汽東風(fēng)車橋用EQ153前后橋改型匹配氣壓盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器的前后橋總成約占6000套以上，是宇通公司最大的氣壓盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器橋供應(yīng)商。宇通公司每年需在一汽采客車底盤(pán)3000多臺(tái)，一汽客底2004年供了2000多臺(tái)，其中帶盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器占一半以上。如一汽客底采用4E前轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)配置氣壓盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器前橋、11噸420后橋裝在6100（10米）豪華客車上； 7噸盤(pán)式前橋與13噸435后橋配裝在6120（12米）豪華客車上等，都是宇通公司市場(chǎng)前景較好，利潤(rùn)附加值很高的車型。江蘇金龍客車的7-9米高型客車客車采用湖橋供帶盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器的車橋2004年在5500臺(tái)左右。廈門(mén)金龍客車10-12米高型客車以上客車、丹東黃?？蛙?0-12米高型客車、安徽凱斯鮑爾等等國(guó)內(nèi)知名的大型廠家均已在批量生產(chǎn)帶盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器的高檔客車。3. 重型汽車方面：作為重型汽車行業(yè)應(yīng)用型新技術(shù)，氣壓盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器的已經(jīng)屬成熟產(chǎn)品，目前具有廣泛應(yīng)用的前景。2004年3月紅巖公司率先在國(guó)內(nèi)重卡行業(yè)中完成了對(duì)氣壓盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器總成的開(kāi)發(fā)。2005年元月份中國(guó)重汽卡車事業(yè)部在提升和改進(jìn)卡車底盤(pán)的過(guò)程中，在橋箱事業(yè)部配合下，將22.5英寸氣壓盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器成功“嫁接”到了重汽斯太爾重卡車前橋上。氣壓盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器在重汽斯太爾卡車前橋上的成功“嫁接”，解決了令整車廠及用戶困擾已久的傳統(tǒng)鼓式制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)嘯叫、頻繁制動(dòng)時(shí)制動(dòng)蹄片易磨損、雨天制動(dòng)效能降低等一系列問(wèn)題。氣壓盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器首次在斯太爾卡車前橋上的應(yīng)用，也為今后開(kāi)發(fā)重汽高速卡車提供了經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技術(shù)儲(chǔ)備。與此同時(shí)陜西重汽、北汽福田、一汽解放、東風(fēng)公司、江淮汽車等國(guó)內(nèi)大型汽車廠均完成了盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器在重型汽車方面的前期型試試驗(yàn)及技術(shù)貯備工作，盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器在某些方面可以說(shuō)成為未來(lái)重卡制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)匹配發(fā)展的新趨勢(shì)。附 錄2The development of modern automobile brake baiThe application of the domestic auto disc brake As Chinas automobile industry and technology, especially the car industry, the introduction of the joint venture, the entry of foreign advanced technology, applications automobile disc brake configuration was adopted to gradually scale in China. Particularly in improving vehicle performance, safety, enhance the cars comfort, meet the increasing material needs of life, improve the living environment played a significant role. 1. In car, micro car, light truck, SUV and pickup areas: the economic and practical point of view, the general form of the mixed braking, the former wheel disc brakes, drum brake rear wheels. By car during braking, due to the role of inertia, the load front load typically accounts for 70% of all vehicles -80%, so a large front-wheel braking force than the rear wheels. Manufacturers to save costs, on the use of front wheel disc brakes, rear drum brakes of the mix and match approach. By Qianpanhougu hybrid brake, mainly because of cost considerations, but also because the car in an emergency braking, axle load forward on the front brake performance requirements are relatively high, these front brakes major hydraulic disc brake to the mainstream, the use of hydraulic oil for the transmission medium to the hydraulic master cylinder as the power source, after the brake in order to double-pump double acting hydraulic cylinder brake shoes match. Currently, most cars (mid-range category, such as Xiali, Geely, Citroen, Shanghai Maple, Jetta), mini trucks (Changan Star, Changhe, Toyota Hiace, Tianjin, Beverly, JMC Transit), high light Card (DF Sundance Kid, JMC, Refine, Nanjing Iveco), SUV and pickup (Hunan Changfeng, JMC pickup), and other uses Qianpanhougu hybrid brake. Communist China in 2004 more than 1.1 million dollars of such vehicles. But with the improvement of highway grade, the rise in car quality, especially on national security, enforcement of regulations, front and rear disc brakes are used is the trend. 2. the Bus: the air disc brake products significantly advanced technology, reliability is generally good, innovative and technical standards of integration. Europe and the United States since the early 90s of last century to disc brakes for large bus. To 2000, disc brakes (both front and rear disc brake) Europe and the United States has become the standard city bus. China since 1997 to promote the bus and load the car anti-lock disc brakes, and A BS system, due to high prices of imported goods, mainly for high-end products. 1 July 2004 to force the Ministry of Communications 7 - 12-meter bus with type must with, the disc brake can be made popular. Beijing Public Transport Tramways Company, Shanghai Bus, Bus, Wuhan, Changsha bus, bus in Shenzhen, Guangzhou, public transportation and other companies are using the bus match the air disc brake. Manufacturers are: Yutong buses in 2004 with an annual output of more than 20,000, which accounted for using the disc brake of the bus more than half; Yutong made chassis are made by the steam front and rear axles based on the EQ153 upgrade changes, and each year more than 10,000 sets. Dongfeng Axle steam modified front and rear axles with EQ153 match the front and rear air disc brake assembly of about 6,000 over the bridge, is Yutongs largest supplier of air disc brake bridge. FAW Yutong collected in each year more than 3,000 bus chassis, FAW-off for the end of 2004, more than 2,000, of which more than half with disc brakes. Such as FAW-off before the end of steering system configuration using 4E air disc brake front axle, rear axle loading 11 tons of 420 in 6100 (10 m) luxury passenger cars; 7 tons and 13 tons of disc front axle rear axle equipped with 435 in 6120 ( 12 m) luxury bus fine, Yutong market prospects are good, high added value and profit models. 7-9 meters in Jiangsu Golden Dragon Bus Bus Bus type Lake bridge for the use of the axle with disc brakes at the 5,500 or so in 2004. Xiamen Golden Dragon Bus Type 10-12 meters above the passenger bus, Dandong Yellow Bus Bus type 10-12 meters high, Anhui, Keith Powell, etc. are well-known large-scale manufacturers with a disc brake in the mass production of high-grade bus. 3. heavy-duty motor vehicles: heavy-duty automotive industry as a new type of technology, have air disc brakes are mature products, currently has a wide application prospect. March 2004 Red Rock took the lead in the domestic heavy truck industry, completed the development of air disc brake assembly. January 2005 Division of China National Heavy Duty Truck Truck truck chassis in upgrading and improving the process of division in cooperation with the bridge case, the 22.5 inches air disc brake successfully grafted to the heavy truck steyr truck before the bridge re- . Air disc brakes in the heavy truck Steyr truck on the bridge before the successful grafting to solve the problems so that OEMs and users of long-standing tradition of drum brake whistle, frequent brake brake shoe wear , rain brake performance degradation and other issues. Steyr air disc brakes for the first time in the application of the truck before the bridge, but also for the future development of high-speed trucks, heavy truck experience and technology to provide a reserve. At the same time, Shaanxi Heavy Duty Truck, Foton, FAW, Dongfeng, JAC and other major domestic auto plants were completed disc brake in the early stage of heavy-duty automotive-type reserve pilot test and technical work in a disc brake These aspects can be said that the future development of heavy truck braking system to match the new trend. 5