小型汽車(chē)液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)【10張CAD圖紙+PDF圖】

喜歡這套資料就充值下載吧。資源目錄里展示的都可在線(xiàn)預(yù)覽哦。下載后都有，請(qǐng)放心下載，文件全都包含在內(nèi)，【有疑問(wèn)咨詢(xún)QQ:414951605 或 1304139763】=喜歡這套資料就充值下載吧。資源目錄里展示的都可在線(xiàn)預(yù)覽哦。下載后都有，請(qǐng)放心下載，文件全都包含在內(nèi)，【有疑問(wèn)咨詢(xún)QQ:414951605 或 1304139763】= 中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯系 別： 工程技術(shù)系專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化姓 名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 2015年 2 月 15 日Comparative analysis of processing scheme of automobile steering section Have a shape as a processing method, all machining process for the production of the most commonly used and most important method. Machining process is a process generated shape, in this process, Drivers device on the work piece material to be in the form of chip removal. Although in some occasions, the workpiece under no circumstances, the use of mobile equipment to the processing, However, the majority of the machining is not only supporting the workpiece also supporting tools and equipment to complete.Machining know the process has two aspects. Small group of low-cost production. For casting, forging and machining pressure, every production of a specific shape of the workpiece, even a spare parts, almost have to spend the high cost of processing. Welding to rely on the shape of the structure, to a large extent, depend on effective in the form of raw materials. In general, through the use of expensive equipment and without special processing conditions, can be almost any type of raw materials, mechanical processing to convert the raw materials processed into the arbitrary shape of the structure, as long as the external dimensions large enough, it is possible. Because of a production of spare parts, even when the parts and structure of the production batch sizes are suitable for the original casting, Forging or pressure processing to produce, but usually prefer machining.Strict precision and good surface finish, machining the second purpose is the establishment of the high precision and surface finish possible on the basis of. Many parts, if any other means of production belonging to the large-scale production, Well Machining is a low-tolerance and can meet the requirements of small batch production. Besides, many parts on the production and processing of coarse process to improve its general shape of the surface. It is only necessary precision and choose only the surface machining. For instance, thread, in addition to mechanical processing, almost no other processing method for processing. Another example is the blacksmith pieces keyhole processing, as well as training to be conducted immediately after the mechanical completion of the processing.Primary Cutting ParametersCutting the work piece and tool based on the basic relationship between the following four elements to fully describe : the tool geometry, cutting speed, feed rate, depth and penetration of a cutting tool.Cutting Tools must be of a suitable material to manufacture, it must be strong, tough, hard and wear-resistant. Tool geometry - to the tip plane and cutter angle characteristics - for each cutting process must be correct.Cutting speed is the cutting edge of work piece surface rate, it is inches per minute to show. In order to effectively processing, and cutting speed must adapt to the level of specific parts - with knives. Generally, the more hard work piece material, the lower the rate.Progressive Tool to speed is cut into the work piece speed. If the work piece or tool for rotating movement, feed rate per round over the number of inches to the measurement. When the work piece or tool for reciprocating movement and feed rate on each trip through the measurement of inches. Generally, in other conditions, feed rate and cutting speed is inversely proportional to.Depth of penetration of a cutting tool - to inches dollars - is the tool to the work piece distance. Rotary cutting it to the chip or equal to the width of the linear cutting chip thickness. Rough than finishing, deeper penetration of a cutting tool depth.Rough machining and finishing machiningThere are two kinds of cuts in machine- shop work called, respectively, the roughing cut and the finishing cut. When a piece is roughed out, it is quite near the shape and size required, but enough metal has been left on the surface to finish smooth and to exact size. Generally speaking, bars of steel, forging, castings, etc. are machined to the required shape and size with only one roughing and one finishing cut. Sometimes, however, certain portions of a piece may require more than one roughing cut. Also, in some jobs, for example, when great accuracy is not needed, or when a comparatively small amount of metal must be removed, a finishing cut may be all that is required. The roughing cut, to remove the greater part of the excess material, should be reasonably heavy, that is, all the machine, or cutting tool, or work, or all three, will stand. So the machinists purpose is to remove the excess stock as fast as he can without leaving, at the same time, a surface too torn and rough, without bending the piece if it is slender, and without spoiling the centers. The finishing cut, to make the work smooth and accurate, is a finer cut. The emphasis here is refinement - very sharp tool, comparatively little metal removed, and a higher degree of accuracy in measurement. Whether roughing or finishing, the machinist must set the machine for the given job. He must consider the size and shape of the work and the kind of material, also the kind of tool used and the nature of the cut to be made, then he proceeds to set the machine for the correct speed and feed and to set the tool to take the depth of cut desired.Automatic Fixture DesignAssembly equipment used in the traditional synchronous fixture put parts of the fixture mobile center, to ensure that components from transmission from the plane or equipment plate placed after removal has been scheduled for position. However, in certain applications, mobile mandatory parts of the center line, it may cause parts or equipment damage. When parts vulnerability and may lead to a small vibration abandoned, or when their location is by machine spindle or specific to die, Tolerance again or when the request is a sophisticated, it would rather let the fixture to adapt to the location of parts, and not the contrary. For these tasks, Elyria, Ohio, the company has developed Zaytran a general non-functional data synchronization West category FLEXIBILITY fixture. Fixture because of the interaction and synchronization devices is independent; the synchronous device can use sophisticated equipment to replace the slip without affecting the fixture force. Fixture specification range from 0.2 inches itinerary, 5 pounds clamping force of the six-inch trip, 400-inch clamping force. The characteristics of modern production are becoming smaller and smaller quantities and product specifications biggest changes. Therefore, in the final stages of production, assembly of production, quantity and product design changes appear to be particularly vulnerable. This situation is forcing many companies to make greater efforts to rationalize the extensive reform and the previously mentioned case of assembly automation. Despite flexible fixture behind the rapid development of flexible transport and handling devices, such as backward in the development of industrial robots, it is still expected to increase the flexibility fixture. In fact the important fixture devices - the production of the devices to strengthen investment on the fixture so that more flexibility in economic support holders.According to their flexibility and fixture can be divided into: special fixture, the fixture combinations, the standard fixture, high flexible fixture. Flexible fixture on different parts of their high adaptability and the few low-cost replacement for the characteristic.Forms can transform the structure of the flexible fixture can be installed with the change of structure components (such as needle cheek plate, Multi-chip components and flake cheek plate), a non-standard work piece gripper or clamping elements (for example: commencement standard with a clamping fixture and mobile components fixture supporting documents), or with ceramic or hardening of the intermediary substances (such as : Mobile particle bed fixture and heat fixture tight fixture). To production, the parts were secured fixture, the need to generate clamping function, its fixture with a few unrelated to the sexual submissive steps.According to the processing was part of that foundation and working characteristics to determine the work piece fixture in the required position, then need to select some stability flat combination, These constitute a stable plane was fixed in the work piece fixture set position on the clamp-profile structure, all balanced and torque, it has also ensured that the work features close to the work piece. Finally, it must be calculated and adjusted, assembly or disassembly be standard fixture components required for the position, so that the work piece firmly by clamping fixture in China. In accordance with this procedure, the outline fixture structure and equipped with the planning and recording process can be automated control.Structural modeling task is to produce some stable flat combination, Thus, these plane of the work pieces clamping force and will fixture stability. According to usual practice, this task can be human-machine dialogue that is almost completely automated way to completion. A man-machine dialogue that is automated fixture structure modeling to determine the merits can be conducted in an organized and planning fixture design reduce the amount of the design, shortening the study period and better distribution of work conditions. In short, can be successfully achieved significantly improve fixture efficiency and effectiveness.Fully prepared to structure programs and the number of material circumstances, the completion of the first successful assembly can save up to 60% of the time.Therefore fixture process modeling agencies is the purpose of the program has appropriate documents.中文翻譯汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)加工工藝方案對(duì)比分析機(jī)械加工是所有制造過(guò)程中最普遍使用的而且是最重要的方法。機(jī)械加工過(guò)程是一個(gè)產(chǎn)生形狀的過(guò)程，在這過(guò)程中，驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置使工件上的一些材料以切屑的形式被去除。盡管在某些場(chǎng)合，工件無(wú)承受情況下，使用移動(dòng)式裝備來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)加工，但大多數(shù)的機(jī)械加工是通過(guò)既支承工件又支承刀具的裝備來(lái)完成。機(jī)械加工過(guò)程中具備兩方面。小批生產(chǎn)低費(fèi)用。對(duì)于鑄造、鍛造和壓力加工，每一個(gè)要生產(chǎn)的具體工件形狀，即使是一個(gè)零件，幾乎都要花費(fèi)高額的加工費(fèi)用?？亢附觼?lái)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)構(gòu)形狀，在很大程度上取決于有效的原材料的形式。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，通過(guò)利用貴重設(shè)備而又無(wú)需特種加工條件下，幾乎可以以任何種類(lèi)原材料開(kāi)始，借助機(jī)械加工把原材料加工成任意所需要的結(jié)構(gòu)形狀，只要外部尺寸足夠大，那都是可能的。因此對(duì)于生產(chǎn)一個(gè)零件，甚至當(dāng)零件結(jié)構(gòu)及要生產(chǎn)的批量大小上按原來(lái)都適于用鑄造、鍛造或者壓力加工來(lái)生產(chǎn)的，但通常寧可選擇機(jī)械加工。嚴(yán)密的精度和良好的表面粗糙度，機(jī)械加工的第二方面用途是建立在高精度和可能的表面粗糙度基礎(chǔ)上。許多零件，如果用別的其他方法來(lái)生產(chǎn)屬于大批量生產(chǎn)的話(huà)，那么在機(jī)械加工中則是屬于低公差且又能滿(mǎn)足要求的小批量生產(chǎn)了。另一方面，許多零件靠比較粗糙的生產(chǎn)加工工藝制造其表面形狀，而僅僅是在需要高精度的且選擇過(guò)的表面才進(jìn)行機(jī)械加工。例如內(nèi)螺紋，除了機(jī)械加工之外，幾乎沒(méi)有別的加工方法能進(jìn)行加工。又如已鍛工件上的小孔加工，也是被鍛后緊接著進(jìn)行機(jī)械加工才完成的?；镜臋C(jī)械加工參數(shù)切削中工件與刀具的基本關(guān)系是以以下四個(gè)要素來(lái)充分描述的：刀具的幾何形狀，切削速度，進(jìn)給速度，和背吃刀量。切削刀具必須用一種合適的材料來(lái)制造，它必須是強(qiáng)固、韌性好、堅(jiān)硬而且耐磨的。刀具的幾何形狀以刀尖平面和刀具角為特征對(duì)于每一種切削工藝都必須是正確的。切削速度是切削刃通過(guò)工件表面的速率，它是以每分鐘英寸來(lái)表示。為了有效地加工，切削速度高低必須適應(yīng)特定的工件刀具配合。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，工件材料越硬，速度越低。進(jìn)給速度是刀具切進(jìn)工件的速度。若工件或刀具作旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，進(jìn)給量是以每轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)的英寸數(shù)目來(lái)度量的。當(dāng)?shù)毒呋蚬ぜ魍鶑?fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，進(jìn)給量是以每一行程走過(guò)的英寸數(shù)度量的。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在其他條件相同時(shí)，進(jìn)給量與切削速度成反比。背吃刀量以英寸計(jì)是刀具進(jìn)入工件的距離。它等于旋削中的切屑寬度或者等于線(xiàn)性切削中的切屑的厚度。粗加工比起精加工，背吃刀量更大。粗切削與精切削工廠(chǎng)的切削加工有兩種，分別稱(chēng)為“粗切削”和“精切削”。工件經(jīng)“粗切削”后，十分接近所要求的形狀和尺寸，但加工表面仍留有足夠的金屬余量，以供精加工，使工件表面粗糙、尺寸準(zhǔn)確。一般地說(shuō)，鋼質(zhì)棒料、鍛件、鑄件等只經(jīng)一次粗切削和一次精切削即可達(dá)到所要求的形狀和尺寸。不過(guò)，有時(shí)工件的某些部位可能需要不止一次的粗切削。有些加工，如精度要求不高或需要切除的金屬量較小，也可能只需一次精切削。粗切削因?yàn)橐コ蟛糠值挠嗔?，切削力量肯定是相?dāng)大的，這就意味著，整個(gè)機(jī)器、刀具、工件或這三者都要能承受得了。機(jī)加工工人的目的是盡可能快地切除余料，而留下的加工表面又不能太粗糙，細(xì)長(zhǎng)的工件不能抗彎，也不能損壞頂尖。精切削是使工件表面光滑、尺寸準(zhǔn)確，因而是一種更精細(xì)的切削。精加工強(qiáng)調(diào)的是精度使用非常鋒利的刀具，切除的金屬量較少，測(cè)量時(shí)的精密度要求較高。無(wú)論是粗切削還是精切削，機(jī)加工工人都必須按給定的工作來(lái)調(diào)好機(jī)床，必須考慮工件的大小和形狀，材料的種類(lèi)，刀具的種類(lèi)，以及行將切削的性質(zhì)。然后開(kāi)始把機(jī)床調(diào)到正確的轉(zhuǎn)速和進(jìn)刀量，調(diào)好刀具使其達(dá)到要求的切削深度。自動(dòng)夾具設(shè)計(jì)用做裝配設(shè)備的傳統(tǒng)同步夾具把零件移動(dòng)到夾具中心上，以確保零件從傳送機(jī)上或從設(shè)備盤(pán)上取出后置于已定位置上。然而在某些應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合、強(qiáng)制零件移動(dòng)到中心線(xiàn)上時(shí)，可能引起零件或設(shè)備破壞。當(dāng)零件易損壞而且小小振動(dòng)可能導(dǎo)致報(bào)廢時(shí)，或當(dāng)其位置是由機(jī)床主軸或模具來(lái)具體時(shí)，再或者當(dāng)公差要求很精密時(shí)，那寧可讓夾具去適應(yīng)零件位置，而不是相反。為著這些工作任務(wù)，美國(guó)俄亥俄州Elyria的Zaytran公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)了一般性功能數(shù)據(jù)的非同步西類(lèi)柔順性?shī)A具。因?yàn)閵A具作用力和同步化裝置是各自獨(dú)立的，該同步裝置可以用精密的滑移裝置來(lái)替換而不影響夾具作用力。夾具規(guī)格范圍是從0.2英寸行程，5英鎊夾緊力到6英寸行程、400英寸夾緊力?，F(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的特征是批量變得越來(lái)越小而產(chǎn)品的各種規(guī)格變化最大。因此，生產(chǎn)的最后階段，裝配因生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃、批量和產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的變更而顯得特別脆弱。這種情形正迫使許多公司更多地致力于廣泛的合理化改革和前面提到過(guò)情況那樣裝配自動(dòng)化。盡管柔性?shī)A具的發(fā)展很快落后與柔性運(yùn)輸處理裝置的發(fā)展，如落后于工業(yè)機(jī)器人的發(fā)展，但仍然試圖指望增加夾具的柔順性。事實(shí)上夾具的重要的裝置生產(chǎn)裝置的專(zhuān)向投資就加強(qiáng)了使夾具更加柔性化在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持。根據(jù)它們?nèi)犴樞?，夾具可以分為：專(zhuān)用夾具、組合夾具、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)夾具、高柔性?shī)A具。柔性?shī)A具是以它們對(duì)不同工件的高適應(yīng)性和以少更換低費(fèi)用為特征的。結(jié)構(gòu)形式可變換的柔性?shī)A具裝有可變更結(jié)構(gòu)排列的零件（例如針形頰板，多片式零件和片狀頰板），標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工件的非專(zhuān)用夾持或夾緊元件（例如：?jiǎn)?dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)夾持夾具和帶有可移動(dòng)元件的夾具配套件），或者裝有陶瓷或硬化了的中介物質(zhì)（如：流動(dòng)粒子床夾具和熱夾具緊夾具）。為了生產(chǎn)，零件要在夾具中被緊固，需要產(chǎn)生夾緊作用，其有幾個(gè)與夾具柔順性無(wú)關(guān)的步驟：根據(jù)被加工工件基礎(chǔ)的部分和工作特點(diǎn)，確定工件在夾具中的所需的位置，接著必須選擇若干穩(wěn)定平面的組合，這些穩(wěn)定平面就構(gòu)成工件被固定在夾具中確定位置上的夾具上，均衡所有的力和力矩，而且保證接近工件工作特點(diǎn)。最后，必須計(jì)算、調(diào)整、組裝可拆裝的或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)夾具元件的所需位置，以便使工件牢牢地被夾緊在夾具中。依據(jù)這樣的程序，夾具的輪廓結(jié)構(gòu)和裝合的規(guī)劃和記錄過(guò)程可以進(jìn)行自動(dòng)化控制。結(jié)構(gòu)造型任務(wù)就是要產(chǎn)生若干穩(wěn)定平面的組合，這樣在這些平面上的各夾緊力將使工件和夾具穩(wěn)定。按慣例，這個(gè)任務(wù)可用人機(jī)對(duì)話(huà)即幾乎完全自動(dòng)化的方式來(lái)完成。一人機(jī)對(duì)話(huà)即以自動(dòng)化方式確定夾具結(jié)構(gòu)造型的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是可以有組織有規(guī)劃進(jìn)行夾具設(shè)計(jì)，減少所需的設(shè)計(jì)人員，縮短研究周期和能更好地配置工作條件。簡(jiǎn)言之，可成功地達(dá)到顯著提高夾具生產(chǎn)效率和效益。在充分準(zhǔn)備了構(gòu)造方案和一批材料情況下，在完成首次組裝可以成功實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)約時(shí)間達(dá)60%。因此夾具機(jī)構(gòu)造型過(guò)程的目的是產(chǎn)生合適的編程文件。附表2：長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）中期檢查表系：工程技術(shù)系 專(zhuān)業(yè)：機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 檢查日期：2015-04-07學(xué)生姓名孫林論文題目小型汽車(chē)液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)已完成（ ），進(jìn)行中（ ）參考文獻(xiàn) 20 篇：其中外文文獻(xiàn) 6 篇外文翻譯已完成（ ），進(jìn)行中（ ）；完成字?jǐn)?shù)約： 4500 字（翻譯成的漢字字?jǐn)?shù)）開(kāi)題報(bào)告已完成（ ），進(jìn)行中（ ）；完成字?jǐn)?shù)約： 1100 字正文已完成（ ），進(jìn)行中（ ）；完成比比例： 70 %已完成的任務(wù)開(kāi)題報(bào)告，任務(wù)書(shū)，外文翻譯，文獻(xiàn)綜述，待完成的任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)圖紙及設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)存在的問(wèn)題對(duì)于一些細(xì)節(jié)上的設(shè)計(jì)還需要進(jìn)一步確定。采取的辦法多做假設(shè)和對(duì)比，選出一種最優(yōu)的設(shè)計(jì)方案。指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn) 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 注：按表中的要求填寫(xiě)，選項(xiàng)打鉤（）；附表3畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）教師指導(dǎo)記錄表畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目小型汽車(chē)液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生姓名孫林系（部）工程技術(shù)系學(xué)生學(xué)號(hào)05211518專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)機(jī)制五班指導(dǎo)教師姓名于建波職稱(chēng)高級(jí)工程師主要指導(dǎo)內(nèi)容： 液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的指導(dǎo) 指導(dǎo)時(shí)間：2015 年 3 月 10 日主要指導(dǎo)內(nèi)容：液壓回路設(shè)計(jì)及工作原理指導(dǎo) 指導(dǎo)時(shí)間：2015 年 3 月 20 日主要指導(dǎo)內(nèi)容：指出設(shè)計(jì)的缺陷，對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)提出修改意見(jiàn) 指導(dǎo)時(shí)間：2015 年3 月 25 日主要指導(dǎo)內(nèi)容： 指導(dǎo)時(shí)間： 年 月 日注：此表由指導(dǎo)教師按畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）的主要工作階段填寫(xiě)主要指導(dǎo)內(nèi)容。 系主任簽字（蓋章）中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開(kāi)題報(bào)告學(xué)生姓名孫林學(xué) 號(hào)05211518專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)11級(jí)機(jī)制五班指導(dǎo)教師于建波職 稱(chēng)高級(jí)工程師單 位中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院課題性質(zhì)設(shè)計(jì) 論文課題來(lái)源科研 教學(xué) 生產(chǎn) 其它畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目小型汽車(chē)液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)一、課題研究的目的通過(guò)本次研究，掌握機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的一般方法，培養(yǎng)完善的設(shè)計(jì)思想，鍛煉分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的能力，特別是掌握總體設(shè)計(jì)和零部件設(shè)計(jì)的方法與技巧。綜合運(yùn)用機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)與原理及其他有關(guān)的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，去分析和解決生活工作中的問(wèn)題，做到理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際，進(jìn)一步鞏固自己所學(xué)到的知識(shí)。二、課題研究的意義 助力轉(zhuǎn)向，顧名思義，就是通過(guò)增加外力來(lái)抵抗轉(zhuǎn)向阻力，讓駕駛者只需更少的力就能夠完成轉(zhuǎn)向，也稱(chēng)動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向，英文為power steering，最初是為了讓一些自重較重的大型車(chē)輛能夠更輕松的操作，但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)非常普及，它讓駕駛變得更加簡(jiǎn)單和輕松，并且讓車(chē)輛反應(yīng)更加敏捷，一定程度上提高了安全性。我們常見(jiàn)的助力轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)械液壓助力、電子液壓助力、電動(dòng)助力三種。三、課題研究現(xiàn)狀自1953 年通用汽車(chē)公司在凱迪萊克和別克轎車(chē)上首次批量使用了液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)以來(lái), 液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)給汽車(chē)帶來(lái)了巨大的變化: 人們不再需要靠大直徑的轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)來(lái)產(chǎn)生足夠的轉(zhuǎn)向力矩, 轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)的減小, 使得駕駛室變得寬敞起來(lái), 座椅布置也變得更為舒適了; 液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)在降低了轉(zhuǎn)向操縱力的同時(shí), 也使轉(zhuǎn)向變得更為靈敏。隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展, 動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)在體積、價(jià)格和所消耗的功率等方面都取得了驚人的進(jìn)步。在八十年代后期, 又開(kāi)發(fā)了變減速比、電控液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)。今天, 變速比的液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)幾乎成為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家所銷(xiāo)售轎車(chē)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝備。幾十年來(lái), 動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)革新都是在液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上的。即便是電控液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)也無(wú)法根除液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)在系統(tǒng)布置、安裝、密封性、操縱靈敏度、能量消耗、磨損與噪聲等方面的固有缺憾。直到1988 年3 月, 日本鈴木公司開(kāi)發(fā)出一種全新的電子控制式電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng):電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)) , 才真正擺脫了液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的束縛。1993 年, 本田汽車(chē)公司首次將電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)裝備于大批量生產(chǎn)的、在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上同法拉利和波爾舍競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的愛(ài)克N SX 跑車(chē)上; 同年, 在歐洲市場(chǎng)銷(xiāo)售的一種經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車(chē)菲亞特幫托也將美國(guó)德?tīng)栙M(fèi)公司生產(chǎn)的電控助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝備; 由于電控助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)完全取消液壓裝置, 用電能取代液壓能, 減少了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的能量消耗; 加上其性能的優(yōu)越性, 很快在越來(lái)越多的國(guó)外轎車(chē)上得到應(yīng)用, 如本田最新推出的In sigh t 轎車(chē)上就是其中的一例。電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)無(wú)疑是未來(lái)動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向設(shè)計(jì)的新方向, 目前在中型以上貨車(chē)和中級(jí)以上轎車(chē)上廣泛采用的機(jī)械液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向器將逐漸被效率更高、適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)的電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)所代替。為此, 國(guó)外幾家大公司(如德國(guó)的ZF、英國(guó)盧卡斯偉利達(dá)、Saginaw、TRW、日本的N SK、Koyo 等) 都竟相推出自己的電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)。目前國(guó)內(nèi)動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向器還處在機(jī)械液壓式動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系階段, 對(duì)于電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)僅有清華、華工等高校開(kāi)展了系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì)、系統(tǒng)建模和動(dòng)力分析等研究, 但處在研制的初級(jí)階段, 未達(dá)到實(shí)用程度。四、課題研究的內(nèi)容1.液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的介紹；2.液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向；3.液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的組成；4.液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的工作原理；5.液壓回路設(shè)計(jì)及工作原理；6.硬件選?。?.液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用； 5、 研究方案可行性分析確定設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù).液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案分析確定系統(tǒng)的工作原理和技術(shù)要求方案設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)確定設(shè)計(jì)方案總裝配圖總體規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)部件裝配圖部件技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)零部件設(shè)計(jì)零件工作圖六、進(jìn)度安排序號(hào)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）各階段內(nèi)容 時(shí)間安排 1 查閱、收集資料，熟悉有關(guān)的資料，學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的知識(shí)。 2014.12 2 結(jié)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)課題進(jìn)行外文資料閱讀并翻譯外文資料。 2014.12 3 開(kāi)始編寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)工作計(jì)劃。 2015.1 4 熟悉設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，提出初步的設(shè)計(jì)方案，并征求指導(dǎo)教師的意見(jiàn)。 2015.2 5 擬定總體方案，繪出系統(tǒng)圖，定出相關(guān)參數(shù)，并繪出總體草圖。 2015.3 6 對(duì)草圖進(jìn)行修改，并完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告。 2015.3 7 整理資料，編寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)。 2015.4. 8 準(zhǔn)備答辯。 2013年4月開(kāi)始七、預(yù)期結(jié)果 液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)是當(dāng)前眾多學(xué)者共同關(guān)注的前沿?zé)衢T(mén)研究領(lǐng)域。通過(guò)了解、熟悉國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新情況，得知液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與應(yīng)用前景。由于時(shí)間緊張、設(shè)計(jì)中的不足，本次研究有可能還有需要完善的地方。本次開(kāi)題報(bào)告只是初步的設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思，但理論上任具有可行性，實(shí)踐還有待進(jìn)一步證明。而液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用，將為我們帶來(lái)很多便利與好處。8、 參考文獻(xiàn)1 毛彩云，吳暮春，柯松.汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展J.科普?qǐng)@，2009.2 陳家瑞.汽車(chē)構(gòu)造下冊(cè)M.北京：人民交通出版社，2002.3 王望予.汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)（第4版）M.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2004.4 王豐元，馬明星. 汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書(shū)M.北京：中國(guó)電力出版社，5 濮良貴、紀(jì)名剛.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)M.北京：高等教育出版社，2010.6 余志生.汽車(chē)?yán)碚揗.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2000.7 徐石安汽車(chē)構(gòu)造-底盤(pán)工程M北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2008指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)：指導(dǎo)教師簽名：年 月 日教研室意見(jiàn)：審查結(jié)果： 同 意 不 同 意教研室主任簽名：年 月 日