FOSSILFUELSI-IllinoisStateUniversity-DepartmentofPhysics化石燃料的我-伊利諾斯州立大學(xué)物理系

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1、FOSSIL FUELS IV,Tar Sand and Oil Shale,Tar (oil) Sand,Tar sands are simply sands that contains a hydro carbon product called butumen. Bitumen is a viscous oil that must be rigorously treated in order to convert it into an upgraded crude oil before it can be used in refineries to produce gasoline and

2、 other fuels. Bitumen is about 10-12 % of the actual oil sands found in Alberta.,Oil Sand occurs in more than 70 countries. The two largest deposits are Canada and Venezuela, with the bulk being found in four different regions of Alberta. Albertas reserves that are deemed to be technologically retri

3、evable today is estimated at 280-300Gb (billion barrels). This comparable to Saudi Arabia.,Surface Tar Sand Deposit,Deep Tar Sand Extraction,Potential (Actual) Problems,The first step of tar sand extraction is estimated to result in gasoline that carries a burden of at least five times more carbon d

4、ioxide then would conventional sweet crude oil production. Difficult under Kyoto protocol. Large amounts of land need to be reclaimed after production ends. Large amount of water used/lost Tar Sand Video,Should the use of tar sands be encouraged?,Yes No,Oil Shale,Oil shale is a combination of the ro

5、ck shale (very fine grained) and the solid petroleum product kerogen When kerogen is heated to 800F it breaks down into a liquid similar to crude oil. Total world resources of oil shale are conservatively estimated at 2.6 trillion barrels. (unproven reserves),Good shale produces 25-35 gallons (0.6 b

6、arrels) of shale oil per ton of rock processed. Even modest production requires processing a lot of rock. Estimates of 500-1,000 billion barrels in US alone. (Way more than Saudi Arabia.,Oil Shale Reserves in US,US Average Rainfall,Production requires a lot of people and water. Both are rare in the regions of the deposits. What do you do with the left over rocks? Oi Shale Video,Should we develop the oil shale deposits in the US?,Yes No,