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外文翻譯
專 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化
學(xué) 生 姓 名
班 級(jí)
學(xué) 號(hào)
指 導(dǎo) 教 師
食品包裝工業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略
Stephane Auclair
張子華 譯
食品包裝工業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略??
? 20世紀(jì)90年代，全球的食品工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值達(dá)到了2.2萬(wàn)億美元，高居于其他工業(yè)產(chǎn)值之上。至于食品包裝工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值同樣占包裝工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的大約60％以上。這都充分說(shuō)明了食品加工和食品包裝在整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中是處于相當(dāng)重要的地位的。
21世紀(jì)，預(yù)計(jì)各國(guó)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)依然是力爭(zhēng)妥善解決好人們吃飯（包括軍和民的各種特殊需要）的大問(wèn)題上，從而決定了食品工業(yè)和包裝工業(yè)都是永不衰落的朝陽(yáng)工業(yè)。今后，食品工業(yè)將成為全國(guó)最大的產(chǎn)業(yè)部門，這對(duì)我國(guó)繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大包裝食品的出口會(huì)帶來(lái)極好的機(jī)遇。
僅就食品包裝而言，按物流過(guò)程的應(yīng)用情況可分為銷售包裝和運(yùn)輸包裝兩大范疇?？紤]到前者直接與食品本身以及消費(fèi)者接觸，對(duì)其內(nèi)外包裝的方方面面大都提出了多種多樣的較高要求。加之從總體看，食品銷售包裝所用的材料、容器、工藝、技術(shù)及設(shè)備，不論在復(fù)雜程度、變化狀況或先進(jìn)水平上都是無(wú)與倫比的，更具有廣泛性、代表性和帶動(dòng)性。以致食品銷售包裝能在整個(gè)包裝工業(yè)中起著當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的主導(dǎo)作用，必須優(yōu)先大力發(fā)展。
食品包裝技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀分析
鑒于食品的種類繁多、千差萬(wàn)別、層出不窮，而且多為有機(jī)物質(zhì)易受外界微生物感染以及物理、化學(xué)、機(jī)械等不良作用而變質(zhì)損壞，因此大都要求包裝具有較強(qiáng)的保護(hù)、使用和促銷功能，以致食品包裝的無(wú)菌化、小型化、多樣化、簡(jiǎn)便化、機(jī)械化、自動(dòng)化便成為時(shí)代發(fā)展的主流。
不論采用何種方式包裝，首先都要從對(duì)內(nèi)包裝的各方面要求出發(fā)，合理選擇包裝材料和包裝容器。
對(duì)液體食品，常用塑料瓶、玻璃瓶、金屬罐、復(fù)合材料制作的袋、盒、杯等；對(duì)半流體食品，常用塑料或玻璃的廣口瓶、復(fù)合材料制作的袋、盒、杯等；對(duì)粉體、散粒體及其與液體混合的食品，常用金屬罐、塑料廣口瓶、復(fù)合材料制作的袋、盒、罐等；對(duì)單個(gè)或多個(gè)集合的塊狀、片狀、條狀及類似于球狀、半球狀等固體食品，常用較大型的塑料盒、金屬罐、復(fù)合材料制作的袋、盤(pán)、盒等。
總之，當(dāng)前食品銷售包裝容器，以金屬、玻璃制作的瓶、罐、盒等所占比重較小，且有逐漸下降趨勢(shì)，多用于禮品包裝或特種包裝。以薄型紙板制作的盒、盤(pán)等由于阻隔性能差，一般大都用于外包裝。惟有以塑料薄膜為基礎(chǔ)的復(fù)合材料制作的袋、盒、杯等足以能保護(hù)食品、美化外觀的獨(dú)特作用，并且成型多樣、容易加工、節(jié)省資源、成本不高，使用輕便、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，可謂幾乎無(wú)所不包（通常含氣液料除外），無(wú)所不用（擴(kuò)展到陸?？账袌?chǎng)合），很有發(fā)展前途。尤其是內(nèi)包裝袋與外包裝盒相結(jié)合，更能有力地推動(dòng)食品小包裝的廣泛應(yīng)用。
隨著人們?nèi)粘９ぷ鞴?jié)奏的加快，營(yíng)養(yǎng)保健食品的豐富，環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，今后對(duì)食品及其包裝也必然會(huì)提出許多新的要求。如今引人注目的是，鑒于電冰箱、微波爐的迅速普及，加上其他相關(guān)條件逐步成熟，不會(huì)很久，可以通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)速凍食品作為方便食品、快餐食品大量進(jìn)入家庭和企事業(yè)單位（包括服務(wù)、旅游之類行業(yè)）。與此同時(shí)還要因地制宜大力發(fā)展真空包裝、真空充氣包裝和無(wú)菌包裝等新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品，使之與速凍包裝有機(jī)結(jié)合，共同促進(jìn)食品包裝更上一層樓。這樣一來(lái)，各種層次的消費(fèi)者希望以袋盒為主體的食品小包裝容器，特別是關(guān)于全面理解使用輕便的問(wèn)題，主要指包裝件容易開(kāi)啟、隨意擺放、多次可封、用后可收、安全可靠。所以，必須采用相應(yīng)措施，進(jìn)一步改善袋型、盒型并實(shí)現(xiàn)主體與封口結(jié)構(gòu)的科學(xué)化和多樣化。
眾所公認(rèn)，在商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，物美與價(jià)廉始終必須兼顧。
若能切實(shí)做到這一點(diǎn)，就不難占領(lǐng)市場(chǎng)，立于不敗之地。出路之一在于切實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)合理包裝與簡(jiǎn)化包裝的辯證統(tǒng)一。道理很明顯，合理也包含簡(jiǎn)化，但簡(jiǎn)化不一定合理（如過(guò)去被淘汰的飲料裸式薄塑料管包裝、餅干天地蓋式軟紙盒包裝等）。事實(shí)上，從主流看，現(xiàn)有不少精心設(shè)計(jì)流行的袋與盒包裝就占有這方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)榻?jīng)過(guò)合理簡(jiǎn)化了包裝形式與結(jié)構(gòu)以及相關(guān)工藝與設(shè)備，可以大幅度地減少生產(chǎn)銷售過(guò)程中的各種消耗浪費(fèi)，并消除諸多不穩(wěn)定因素的發(fā)生，進(jìn)而提高整體效益，最終體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代包裝的大方向。
接著需要深入考察的是，怎樣選擇適宜的包裝工藝方法和包裝機(jī)械類型，以便將某種或多種物料裝入已選定的包裝材料、包裝容器之中，使包裝系統(tǒng)的整體功能得以實(shí)現(xiàn)最優(yōu)化。
仍就食品的銷售包裝而言，現(xiàn)今最常用、最基本的包裝工藝方法有兩大類，即充填與裹包。充填方法幾乎適用于一切物料和各類包裝容器。具體講，對(duì)流動(dòng)性較好的液體、粉體、散粒體，主要依靠自身重力，必要時(shí)輔以一定的機(jī)械作用便可完成包裝過(guò)程。而對(duì)黏性較強(qiáng)的半流體或體形較大的單件、組合件，則要采用相應(yīng)的擠壓、推入、拾放等強(qiáng)制性措施。至于裹包方法卻與此有所差異，它主要適用于外形規(guī)整、有足夠硬性挺性、且要求包裝得較緊實(shí)的單件或組合件，多用柔性的塑料及其復(fù)合材料（有的附加輕質(zhì)托盤(pán)、襯板），借助機(jī)械作用進(jìn)行裹包。迄今，裹包形式也是豐富多彩的，然而應(yīng)以袋型為主流。觀察國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)受到啟示，充填方法和裹包方法雖各具特色，可是前者在全世界被用得更加面廣量大，起著主導(dǎo)作用。盡管如此，值得強(qiáng)調(diào)指出，再聯(lián)系前述的有關(guān)袋與盒的優(yōu)勢(shì)地位，若能將充填與裹包兩種方法相輔相成運(yùn)用起來(lái)，可謂如虎添翼，必會(huì)增強(qiáng)食品包裝機(jī)械的整體功能，大體上做到更有成效的無(wú)所不包。
食品包裝機(jī)械應(yīng)開(kāi)發(fā)的主導(dǎo)機(jī)型
近十余年來(lái)，國(guó)際包裝界十分重視提高包裝機(jī)械及整個(gè)包裝系統(tǒng)的通用能力和多功能集成能力，為市場(chǎng)開(kāi)拓日新月異的多樣化商品提供及時(shí)靈活應(yīng)變的生產(chǎn)手段。同時(shí)基于合理簡(jiǎn)化包裝和優(yōu)選包裝工藝方法的實(shí)際需要，不斷探索，明顯地加快了自身技術(shù)革新的步伐。尤其是與現(xiàn)代自動(dòng)機(jī)床同步發(fā)展相呼應(yīng)，逐步明確。要想建立多樣化、通用化、多功能集成化的包裝機(jī)械新體系，首先必須著重解決組合化和機(jī)電一體化的大問(wèn)題，無(wú)疑這是今后的重要發(fā)展方向。
組合化的基本指導(dǎo)思想在于，根據(jù)包裝總要求設(shè)計(jì)一系列具有獨(dú)立功能的模塊（泛指部件、組件、裝置、設(shè)備），應(yīng)用時(shí)通過(guò)改變模塊的類型、數(shù)量、位置來(lái)變換系統(tǒng)的工藝過(guò)程及整體功能，使之成為帶有一定柔性的通用包裝機(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)一機(jī)多能，以便用較少的投資達(dá)到多品種、小批量產(chǎn)品包裝的目的。
從整機(jī)角度來(lái)看，水平布局往往優(yōu)于垂直布局。前者有利于外延模塊，從而增加功能、方便操作、美化外觀、穩(wěn)定機(jī)體，主要缺點(diǎn)則是占地面積較多。權(quán)衡利弊，今后發(fā)展的主流應(yīng)是水平組合式多功能包裝機(jī)。
著眼于現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)，可以確認(rèn)下述3大類型包裝機(jī)乃是適合食品銷售包裝的優(yōu)秀機(jī)種，且可堪稱之為擁有漫長(zhǎng)發(fā)展歷史和富有強(qiáng)大生命力的主導(dǎo)機(jī)型，即立式袋（盒）成型充填封口機(jī)、臥式袋（盒）成型充填封口機(jī)、臥式接縫裹包機(jī)。
按照成組技術(shù)思想進(jìn)行剖析，這三者之間的共同性和相似性較多，有助于統(tǒng)一開(kāi)發(fā)，另外又各具特殊的差異性，要因地制宜選用。經(jīng)全面比較，列其主要特征如下：
包裝對(duì)象——將3個(gè)機(jī)種相配合幾乎無(wú)所不包（通常含氣液料除外），只不過(guò)第三種有局限性。
包裝材料———均以卷筒式復(fù)合薄膜為主，有的場(chǎng)合第二種可內(nèi)放吸管，第三種可內(nèi)放托盤(pán)等輔件。
包裝形式——第二種花樣較多，如三邊封袋、四邊封袋、雙聯(lián)袋、自立袋、磚形盒、屋頂形盒等；第一種居其次；第三種偏少，通常以枕形袋為主，有的可制成筒形袋、四邊封袋等。
包裝尺寸———第一種的袋寬最小達(dá)10毫米，袋長(zhǎng)可在限定范圍內(nèi)無(wú)級(jí)調(diào)整；后兩種的袋寬及袋長(zhǎng)均可在限定范圍內(nèi)無(wú)級(jí)調(diào)整，其中第三種的袋長(zhǎng)能達(dá)半米以上。
封口類型———第二種新開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)的不少，如設(shè)置撕裂口或撕裂線的上端平封、加內(nèi)嵌盒的組合封、放在不同部位的螺旋蓋封等等；另外兩個(gè)機(jī)種顯得單調(diào)。
傳送運(yùn)動(dòng)———既能實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)式運(yùn)動(dòng)，也能實(shí)現(xiàn)步進(jìn)式運(yùn)動(dòng)。
結(jié)構(gòu)組合——全面體現(xiàn)模塊式結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其第二種水平布局更便于配置功能性模塊（如抽真空、充氮?dú)猓?，加上機(jī)電一體化程度高，使多樣性、通用性、多功能集成性大為增強(qiáng)，形成了系列化產(chǎn)品。
據(jù)報(bào)道，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，這3大典型機(jī)種在國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)上舉足輕重，前景喜人，第二種最為突出，方興未艾。除此以外還要看到，無(wú)菌包裝技術(shù)正以驚人速度在液體飲料和液體副食品等領(lǐng)品也將逐步采用無(wú)菌包裝。不妨預(yù)測(cè)，到那時(shí)，用塑料復(fù)合材料制作的多種袋與盒，依然是支撐它們繼續(xù)發(fā)展的有效包裝容器。將來(lái)有朝一日，一些黏度較高的食品、顆粒與液體混合的食品，以及固體的食品現(xiàn)今已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)的若干種類無(wú)菌包裝機(jī)，無(wú)論立式或臥式的，大體上都是參照上述幾種主導(dǎo)機(jī)型應(yīng)運(yùn)而生、演進(jìn)而成的，只是功能更顯得完善、技術(shù)更顯得復(fù)雜罷了。相當(dāng)清楚，無(wú)菌包裝機(jī)與成為食品包裝機(jī)械中很有代表性的主導(dǎo)機(jī)型之一。
Food Packaging Industry Development Strategy
Stephane Auclair
Food Packaging Industry Development Strategy
? 20世紀(jì)90年代，全球的食品工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值達(dá)到了2．2萬(wàn)億美元，高居于其他工業(yè)產(chǎn)值之上。1990s in the 20th century, the global food industry output value reached 2.2 trillion U.S. dollars. Industrial output value of living is high above the others. 至于食品包裝工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值同樣占包裝工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的大約60％以上。As for the food packaging industry accounted for the same product packaging industrial output value is about 60%. 這都充分說(shuō)明了食品加工和食品包裝在整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中是處于相當(dāng)重要的地位的。This has fully demonstrated the food processing and food packaging in the overall national economy is in a very important position.
21世紀(jì)，預(yù)計(jì)各國(guó)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)依然是力爭(zhēng)妥善解決好人們吃飯（包括軍與民的各種特殊需要）的大問(wèn)題上，從而決定了食品工業(yè)和包裝工業(yè)都是永不衰落的朝陽(yáng)工業(yè)。21centery. it is expected that the focus is still strive to properly resolve the meals (including the special needs of military and civilian), the big problem, decide on the food industry and packaging industry is a sunrise industry never fading. 今后，食品工業(yè)將成為全國(guó)最大的產(chǎn)業(yè)部門，這對(duì)我國(guó)繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大包裝食品的出口會(huì)帶來(lái)極好的機(jī)遇。In future, the food industry will become the country's largest industrial sector. To continue to expand our packaged foods will have an excellent opportunity to export.
僅就食品包裝而言，按物流過(guò)程的應(yīng)用情況可分為銷售包裝和運(yùn)輸包裝兩大范疇。Only food packaging, according to the logistics of the application process can be divided into two major areas of packaging and shipping center. 考慮到前者直接與食品本身以及消費(fèi)者接觸，對(duì)其內(nèi)外包裝的方方面面大都提出多種多樣的較高要求。Taking into account the former contact with the food itself and consumers directly. Most of all aspects of its foreign proposed a variety of higher packaging requirements. 加之從總體看，食品銷售包裝所用的材料、容器、工藝、技術(shù)及設(shè)備，不論在復(fù)雜程度、變化狀況或先進(jìn)水平上都是無(wú)與倫比的，更具有廣泛性、代表性和帶動(dòng)性。Moreover, from an overall perspective, the sale of food packaging materials are used, the packaging, technology, techniques and equipment, regardless of the complexity. Changes in conditions or advanced level are second to none, more widespread, representative and acceleration. 以致食品銷售包裝能在整個(gè)包裝工業(yè)中起著當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的主導(dǎo)作用，必須優(yōu)先大力發(fā)展。Sales of food packaging can result in the entire packaging industry plays a leading role in the well-deserved priority should be given to develop．
食品包裝技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀分析
鑒于食品的種類繁多、千差萬(wàn)別、層出不窮，而且多為有機(jī)物質(zhì)易受外界微生物感染以及物理、化學(xué)、機(jī)械等不良作用而變質(zhì)損壞，因此大都要求包裝具有較強(qiáng)的保護(hù)、使用和促銷功能，以致食品包裝的無(wú)菌化、小型化、多樣化、簡(jiǎn)便化、機(jī)械化、自動(dòng)化便成為時(shí)代發(fā)展的主流。Analysis of food packaging technology
"Aside view of the wide variety of food, diversity, endless, but more vulnerable to microbial infection and organic material in physics, chemistry, machinery, and other adverse effects, rather than just one aspect of damage, mostly packaged with strong protection, use and marketing functions, Aseptic packaging result, small, diversified, simple, mechanical, Automation will become the mainstream of development.
不論采用何種方式包裝，首先都要從對(duì)內(nèi)包裝的各方面要求出發(fā)，合理選擇包裝材料和包裝容器。No matter what methods of packaging from the home must first of all packaging requirements. Reasonable choice of packaging material and packaging of liquid foods, commonly used plastic bottles, glass bottles, metal cans, composites produced bags, boxes, cups; semi fluid of food, often with wide-mouth glass or plastic bottles, bags produced by the composite materials, boxes, cups; of powder granular and liquid mixed with the food, often metal cans, plastic bottles wide-mouth, composite material bags, boxes, cans; The bulk of individual or collective, flake, bars and similar spherical dome-like solid foods, Common larger plastic boxes, metal cans, composites produced by the bag, games cartridges.
總之，當(dāng)前食品銷售包裝容器，以金屬、玻璃制作的瓶、罐、盒等所占比重較小，且有逐漸下降趨勢(shì)，多用于禮品包裝或特種包裝。In short, sales of food packaging, metal, glass bottles, cans, boxes and other smaller share. There gradually declining trend, largely for gift packaging or special packaging. 以薄型紙板制作的盒、盤(pán)等由于阻隔性能差，一般大都用于外包裝。To the production of thin cardboard boxes, such as disk barrier performance is poor, mostly for the general over pack. 惟有以塑料薄膜為基礎(chǔ)的復(fù)合材料制作的袋、盒、杯等足以大顯保護(hù)食品、美化外觀的獨(dú)特作用，并且成型多樣、容易加工、節(jié)省資源、成本不高，使用輕便、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，可謂幾乎無(wú)所不包（通常含氣液料除外），無(wú)所不用（擴(kuò)展到陸海空所有場(chǎng)合），很有發(fā)展前途。Only the basis of composite materials to produce plastic film bags, boxes, cups and other significant large enough to protect food beautifying the unique role and shape varied, easy processing, saving resources, the cost is not high, the use of light, strong adaptability. Is almost inclusive (usually with the exception of gas-liquid materials) everything (extended to air all occasions) very promising. 尤其是內(nèi)包裝袋與外包裝盒相結(jié)合，更能有力地推動(dòng)食品小包裝的廣泛應(yīng)用。Particularly within the over pack, which combined with the package more effectively promote the wider use of packaged foods.
隨著人們?nèi)粘９ぷ鞴?jié)奏的加快，營(yíng)養(yǎng)保健食品的豐富，環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，今后對(duì)食品及其包裝也必然會(huì)提出許多新的要求。With the accelerated pace of day to day work, nutrition and health foods rich and the enhancement of the sense of environmental protection. And the future of food packaging will also put forward many new requirements. 如今引人注目的是，鑒于電冰箱、微波爐的迅速普及，加上其他相關(guān)條件逐步成熟，不會(huì)很久，可以通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)速凍食品作為方便食品、快餐食品大量進(jìn)入家庭和企事業(yè)單位（包括服務(wù)、旅游之類行業(yè)）。Now attention is given refrigerators, microwave ovens rapidly growing popularity, coupled with other conditions related to the gradual maturity, not a long time. Development of quick-frozen food can be as convenient food, fast foods and access to family enterprises (including services, tourism sectors). 與此同時(shí)還要因地制宜大力發(fā)展真空包裝、真空充氣包裝和無(wú)菌包裝等新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品，使之與速凍包裝有機(jī)結(jié)合，共同促進(jìn)食品包裝更上一層樓。Meanwhile conditions should vigorously develop the vacuum packaging, vacuum packaging and aseptic packaging aeration and other new technology, new products, so quick-frozen and packaged organic and jointly promote food packaging organization. 這樣一來(lái)，各種層次的消費(fèi)者寄希望于以袋盒為主體的食品小包裝容器，特別是關(guān)于全面理解使用輕便的問(wèn)題，主要指包裝件容易開(kāi)啟、隨意擺放、多次可封、用后可收、安全可靠。As a result, the various levels of consumer hope on a small bag of food packaging boxes as the mainstay. Light on a comprehensive understanding of the particular issues, mainly referring to the packaging easy to open, free-up time can be closed after revenue, safe and reliable. 所以，必須采用相應(yīng)措施，進(jìn)一步改善袋型、盒型并實(shí)現(xiàn)主體與封口結(jié)構(gòu)的科學(xué)化和多樣化。Therefore, we must adopt appropriate measures to further improve the type bag, seal and box-type structure and the achievement of the main scientific and diversification.
眾所公認(rèn)，在商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，物美與價(jià)廉始終必須兼顧。It has been recognized that the commercial competition and cheap tourists always should take. 若能切實(shí)做到這一點(diǎn)，就不難占領(lǐng)市場(chǎng)，立于不敗之地。Can effectively do this, it is easy to capture the market, invincible. 出路之一在于切實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)合理包裝與簡(jiǎn)化包裝的辯證統(tǒng)一。One effective way to achieve a reasonable package and simplified packaging is the dialectical unity. 道理很明顯，合理也包含簡(jiǎn)化，但簡(jiǎn)化不一定合理（如過(guò)去被淘汰的飲料裸式薄塑料管包裝、餅干天地蓋式軟紙盒包裝等）。The reasons are obvious. Reasonable contains simplified, but simplification is not necessarily reasonable (as in the past to be eliminated nude thin plastic beverage packaging. soft earth covered biscuits carton packaging). 事實(shí)上，從主流看，現(xiàn)有不少精心設(shè)計(jì)流行的袋與盒包裝就占有這方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)榻?jīng)過(guò)合理簡(jiǎn)化了包裝形式與結(jié)構(gòu)以及相關(guān)工藝與設(shè)備，可以大幅度地減少生產(chǎn)銷售過(guò)程中的各種消耗浪費(fèi)，并消除諸多不穩(wěn)定因素的發(fā)生，進(jìn)而提高整
體效益，最終體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代包裝的大方向。In fact, from the mainstream, and quite a number of well-designed pop on the bag and box packaging occupies a dominant position in this respect. Because after a reasonable form and structure to simplify the packaging and related technology and equipment. Can greatly reduce the expenditure and waste production and marketing process, and eliminate the many unstable factors, thereby improving the overall "body School Official Cites Use of efficiency and ultimately the general direction of modern packaging.
接著需要深入考察的是，怎樣選擇適宜的包裝工藝方法和包裝機(jī)械類型，以便將某種或多種物料裝入已選定的包裝材料、包裝容器之中，使包裝系統(tǒng)的整體功能得以實(shí)現(xiàn)最優(yōu)化。After thorough inspection is necessary, how to choose appropriate methods and packaging machinery types of packaging technology, to one or more selected materials packed in packaging material, packaging, so that the overall package to achieve optimal function.
仍就食品的銷售包裝而言，現(xiàn)今最常用、最基本的包裝工藝方法有兩大類，即充填與裹包。Sales of food packaging still on the run, the most commonly be used today, there are two basic methods of packaging technology. That the filling and wrap. 充填方法幾乎適用于一切物料和各類包裝容器。Filling method applies in almost all types of packaging materials and containers. 具體講，對(duì)流動(dòng)性較好的液體、粉體、散粒體，主要依靠自身重力，必要時(shí)輔以一定的機(jī)械作用便可完成包裝過(guò)程。Specifically, the liquidity in liquid, powder, granular, mainly is relying on its own gravity. Will be supplemented, where necessary, the role of the mechanical completion of the packaging process. 而對(duì)黏性較強(qiáng)的半流體或體形較大的單件、組合件，則要采用相應(yīng)的擠壓、推入、拾放等強(qiáng)制性措施。Viscous semi fluid stronger shape of the larger single or combination of conditions would adopt corresponding pressured into picking up other coercive measures. 至于裹包方法卻與此有所差異，它主要適用于外形規(guī)整、有足夠硬性挺性、且要求包裝得較緊實(shí)的單件或組合件，多用柔性的塑料及其復(fù)合材料（有的附加輕質(zhì)托盤(pán)、襯板），借助機(jī)械作用進(jìn)行裹包。As for the difference of binding methods are contradictory, it is mainly applied to form structured, very rigid enough, demanding more packing up the pieces of the single or combination, more flexible plastic and composite materials (some additional light trays Lining), the mechanical role of Packaging. 迄今，裹包形式也是豐富多彩的，然而應(yīng)以袋型為主流。So far, the coating is rich and varied forms, but to the mainstream type bag. 觀察國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)受到啟示，充填方法和裹包方法雖各具特色，可是前者在全世界被用得更加面廣量大，起著主導(dǎo)作用。Observation of the domestic market insights, filling methods and Packaging method is unique, But the former world to be used in more extensive capacity, plays a dominant role. 盡管如此，值得強(qiáng)調(diào)指出，再聯(lián)系前述的有關(guān)袋與盒的優(yōu)勢(shì)地位，若能將充填與裹包兩種方法相輔相成運(yùn)用起來(lái)，可謂如虎添翼，必會(huì)增強(qiáng)食品包裝機(jī)械的整體功能，大體上做到更有成效的無(wú)所不包。Nevertheless, it is worth emphasizing that, in connection with the foregoing the advantages of the bags and boxes, It would be filled with the coating used two methods complement each other, is even more powerful. It will enhance the overall function of food packaging machinery and large do-encompassing more productive.
食品包裝機(jī)械應(yīng)開(kāi)發(fā)的主導(dǎo)機(jī)型
近十余年來(lái)，國(guó)際包裝界十分重視提高包裝機(jī)械及整個(gè)包裝系統(tǒng)的通用能力和多功能集成能力，為市場(chǎng)開(kāi)拓日新月異的多樣化商品提供及時(shí)靈活應(yīng)變的生產(chǎn)手段。The dominant type of food packaging machinery should be developed
"Aside past dozen years, international packaging machinery and packaging industry attaches great importance to improving the general ability of the entire system and multi-function integrated packaging, to exploit the new market and the diversification of the commodity to provide timely and flexible means of production. 同時(shí)基于合理簡(jiǎn)化包裝和優(yōu)選包裝工藝方法的實(shí)際需要，不斷探索，明顯地加快了自身技術(shù)革新的步伐。Meanwhile simplified packaging and packaging technology optimization method to the actual needs, constantly probing, significantly accelerate the pace of innovation in technology. 尤其是與現(xiàn)代自動(dòng)機(jī)床同步發(fā)展相呼應(yīng)，逐步明確。Particularly with the simultaneous development of modern automatic machine concert becomes clearer. 要想建立多樣化、通用化、多功能集成化的包裝機(jī)械新體系，首先必須著重解決組合化和機(jī)電一體化的大問(wèn)題，無(wú)疑這是今后的重要發(fā)展方向。To establish a more diverse, common, a new system of multi-functional integrated packaging machinery. First, we must focus on solving the combination of mechanical and electrical integration, it is undoubtedly important it is the future development direction.
組合化的基本指導(dǎo)思想在于，根據(jù)包裝總要求設(shè)計(jì)一系列具有獨(dú)立功能的模塊（泛指部件、組件、裝置、設(shè)備），應(yīng)用時(shí)通過(guò)改變模塊的類型、數(shù)量、位置來(lái)變換系統(tǒng)的工藝過(guò)程及整體功能，使之成為帶有一定柔性的通用包裝機(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)一機(jī)多能，以便用較少的投資達(dá)到多品種、小批量產(chǎn)品包裝的目的。Combination of the basic guiding principle is that According to the general requirements of the packaging design of a series of functional modules (generic parts, components, devices and equipment). By changing the type of application modules, the number, location and the process to transform the system functions as a whole, with a certain flexibility so that it will become generic packaging machine, a machine capable of achieving so many varieties with less investment. a small number of products for packaging purposes.
從整機(jī)角度來(lái)看，水平布局往往優(yōu)于垂直布局。From the perspective of a piece is often superior to the level of the vertical layout of the distribution. 前者有利于外延模塊，從而增加功能、方便操作、美化外觀、穩(wěn)定機(jī)體，主要缺點(diǎn)則是占地面積較多。The former is conducive to extension modules, thereby increasing the number of functional, operational, beautifying and stable organism, the main disadvantage is that occupy more. 權(quán)衡利弊，今后發(fā)展的主流應(yīng)是水平組合式多功能包裝機(jī)。On balance, the future level of the mainstream of development should be combined multifunctional packaging machine.
著眼于當(dāng)前和未來(lái)，可以確認(rèn)下述3大類型包裝機(jī)乃是適合食品銷售包裝的優(yōu)秀機(jī)種，且可堪稱之為擁有漫長(zhǎng)發(fā)展歷史和富有強(qiáng)大生命力的主導(dǎo)機(jī)型，即立式袋（盒）成型充填封口機(jī)、臥式袋（盒）成型充填封口機(jī)、臥式接縫裹包機(jī)。Focus on the present and the future, we can confirm the following three types of packaging machine is suitable for packaging food sales outstanding aircraft, also be pleased to have a long history and rich as the leading type of strong vitality. namely vertical kit (box) injection molding - sealing machine, horizontal bags (box) injection molding - sealing machine and horizontal seam binding machine.
按照成組技術(shù)思想進(jìn)行剖析，這三者之間的共同性和相似性較多，有助于統(tǒng)一開(kāi)發(fā)，另外又各具特殊的差異性，要因地制宜選用。According to Group Technology analysis, and the similarity between the three of the more common, help unify development. Furthermore, the differences in the sites of special, local conditions selection. 經(jīng)全面比較，列其主要特征如下：After an all-round, out of its main features are as follows:
包裝對(duì)象——將3個(gè)機(jī)種相配合幾乎無(wú)所不包（通常含氣液料除外），只不過(guò)第三種有局限性。Packaging will target three types of aircraft -- encompassing almost matched (usually with the exception of gas-liquid materials) only a third have limitations.
包裝材料———均以卷筒式復(fù)合薄膜為主，有的場(chǎng)合第二種可內(nèi)放吸管，第三種可內(nèi)放托盤(pán)等輔件。Composite film reel packaging material -- were mainly putting up a straw may second some occasions. The third putting trays and other accessories are available.
包裝形式——第二種花樣較多，如三邊封袋、四邊封袋、雙聯(lián)袋、自立袋、磚形盒、屋頂形盒等；第一種居其次；第三種偏少，通常以枕形袋為主，有的可制成筒形袋、四邊封袋等。The second figure more packaged form, such as triangular envelope, the envelope surrounding the two bags, stand bag, brick-shaped box. Box-shaped roof; A second section C; A third small, usually based pillow shaped bags, and some may be made cylindrical bag Quadrilateral Sealing bags, and so on.
包裝尺寸———第一種的袋寬最小達(dá)10毫米，袋長(zhǎng)可在限定范圍內(nèi)無(wú)級(jí)調(diào)整；后兩種的袋寬及袋長(zhǎng)均可在限定范圍內(nèi)無(wú)級(jí)調(diào)整，其中第三種的袋長(zhǎng)能達(dá)半米以上。The first package size - 10 mm minimum width of the bags, bags no longer limit the scope of the adjustments; After two bags and bags of relief no longer be limited within the scope of the adjustments, the third of the more than 768 bags of long reach.
封口類型———第二種新開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)的不少，如設(shè)置撕裂口或撕裂線的上端平封、加內(nèi)嵌盒的組合封、放在不同部位的螺旋蓋封等等；另外兩個(gè)機(jī)種顯得單調(diào)。The second type sealing the many new development, such as tear lines set up or tears the top level mouth closed. Embedded box plus the combination of letters and cover letters, etc. in different parts of the spiral; the other two types of planes is monotonous.
傳送運(yùn)動(dòng)———既能實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)式運(yùn)動(dòng)，也能實(shí)現(xiàn)步進(jìn)式運(yùn)動(dòng)。Transmission can achieve continuous movement -- movement, but also of Step by Step campaign.
結(jié)構(gòu)組合——全面體現(xiàn)模塊式結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其第二種水平布局更便于配置功能性模塊（如抽真空、充氮?dú)猓?，加上機(jī)電一體化程度高，使多樣性、通用性、多功能集成性大為增強(qiáng)，形成了系列化產(chǎn)品。The modular structure -- reflect structural combinations, in particular, more user-friendly layout of the second level functional module configuration (such as vacuum, fully nitrogen), coupled with a high degree of mechanical and electrical integration. So diversity, interchangeable, multi-function integration has greatly increased, serialized products.
據(jù)報(bào)道，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，這3大典型機(jī)種在國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)上舉足輕重，前景喜人，第二種最為突出，方興未艾。It is reported that for a long time, these three typical types of aircraft play a vital role in the domestic and foreign markets, encouraging prospects The second most prominent and is in the ascendant. 除此以外還要看到，無(wú)菌包裝技術(shù)正以驚人速度在液體飲料和液體副食品等領(lǐng)域推廣應(yīng)用，將來(lái)有朝一日，一些黏度較高的食品、顆粒與液體混合的食品，以及固體的食品也將逐步采用無(wú)菌包裝。There should also be noted that the alarming rate of aseptic packaging technology is liquid beverages and liquid food and other application areas, when the future of some high viscosity food particles mixed with the liquid food and solid foods will be gradually introduced aseptic packaging. 不妨預(yù)測(cè)，到那時(shí)，用塑料復(fù)合材料制作的多種袋與盒，依然是支撐它們繼續(xù)發(fā)展的有效包裝容器。It might predict that by that time, plastic bags and boxes of a variety of composite material. They still continue to support the development of effective packaging. 況且現(xiàn)今已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)的若干種類無(wú)菌包裝機(jī)，無(wú)論立式或臥式的，大體上都是參照上述幾種主導(dǎo)機(jī)型應(yīng)運(yùn)而生、演進(jìn)而成的，只是功能更顯得完善、技術(shù)更顯得復(fù)雜罷了。Moreover, the number of species present has been developed aseptic packaging machine, whether vertical or horizontal. Several leading light of the above models are generally emerged from evolution, it is more functional improvement the more complex space technology. 相當(dāng)清楚，無(wú)菌包裝機(jī)與成為食品包裝機(jī)械中很有代表性的主導(dǎo)機(jī)型之一。Quite clear, the food packaging machinery and as