《差速器半軸橋殼》PPT課件.ppt

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1、差速器半軸橋殼,汽車工程系 魏代禮,1、功用：超鏈接 （1）將主減速器傳來(lái)的動(dòng)力傳給左、右兩半軸。 （2）并在必要時(shí)允許左、右半軸以不同的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)，使左、右驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪相對(duì)于地面純滾動(dòng)而不是滑動(dòng)。 2、分類： 1）按安裝的位置分： （1）輪間差速器軸間差速器 （2）普通差速器防滑差速器 2）按差速器的功能分： （1）普通差速器（2）防滑差速器 3）按兩側(cè)輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩是否相等分： （1）對(duì)稱式（2）不對(duì)稱式,差速器,3、安裝差速器的原因：,1）原因：轉(zhuǎn)彎、路面不平會(huì)造成兩輪滾動(dòng)距離不同。 2）形式： （1）輪間差速器 滿足左右兩輪實(shí)現(xiàn)不同轉(zhuǎn)速 （2）軸間差速器 滿足前后兩軸實(shí)現(xiàn)不同轉(zhuǎn) 速 超鏈接 超鏈接

2、,一、普通差速器,1、構(gòu)造,行星錐齒輪差速器,桑塔納轎車差速器分解圖,,,差速器,2、差速器動(dòng)力傳遞,1）行星齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)： （1）公轉(zhuǎn) （2）自轉(zhuǎn) 2）動(dòng)力傳遞路線 主減速器主動(dòng)錐齒輪從動(dòng)錐齒輪差速器殼行星齒輪軸左半軸齒輪左半軸行星齒輪右半軸齒輪右半軸,3、差速器工作原理,工作原理簡(jiǎn)圖,1,2-半軸齒輪； 3-差速器殼； 4-行星齒輪； 5-行星齒輪軸； 6-主減速器從動(dòng)齒輪,1）當(dāng)汽車直線行駛時(shí),路面阻力反映到差速機(jī)構(gòu)上，使得行星齒輪與半軸齒輪嚙合點(diǎn)A、B受力相等（PA=PB)，由于行星齒輪相當(dāng)于一個(gè)等臂的杠桿，則 MA=PAr MB=PBr MA=MB (大小相等，方向相反） 所以，行星齒輪

3、沒有自轉(zhuǎn)， 只有公轉(zhuǎn)，差速器不起差速 作用 。,嚙合點(diǎn)A,嚙合點(diǎn)B,0r =1r =2r 即n1=n2 = n0,此時(shí)差速器不起差速作用,且，n1+n2=2n0,差速器,直線行駛時(shí)的差速器,2）當(dāng)汽車右轉(zhuǎn)彎行駛時(shí)：,路面阻力反映到差速機(jī)構(gòu)上，使得行星齒 輪與半軸齒輪嚙合點(diǎn)A、B受力不相等 如圖汽車右轉(zhuǎn)彎，（PAPB)， 由于行星齒輪相當(dāng)于一個(gè) 等臂的杠桿，則 MA=PAr ，MB=PBr MAMB 在MB-MA的作用下， 行星齒輪發(fā)生自轉(zhuǎn)， 同時(shí)也有公轉(zhuǎn)，差速器起差速作用 。,,,P,P,路面對(duì)車輪的附加力P使行星齒輪受力不平衡，產(chǎn)生自轉(zhuǎn)力矩。,因：VA =1r VB = 2r 相加，

4、有運(yùn)動(dòng)方程： 1 + 2 =20 n1=n0+n n2=n0 - n ， 但仍有n1+ n2=2n0,A點(diǎn)：VA = 0r +4r,B點(diǎn)：VB = 0r 4r,差速器,,物理意義： 左右半軸齒輪之轉(zhuǎn)速和等于差速器殼體轉(zhuǎn)速的2倍，且與行星齒輪轉(zhuǎn)速無(wú)關(guān)。 n1+ n2=2n0,推論： n1=0, n2 =2n0(如一個(gè)車輪掉入泥坑打滑，另一個(gè)車輪在地面不轉(zhuǎn)或一邊半軸斷） n0=0， n1=-n2（如頂起汽車，傳動(dòng)軸制動(dòng)，順時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一側(cè)車輪，另一個(gè)車輪會(huì)以相同的轉(zhuǎn)速逆時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)）,差速器,轉(zhuǎn)彎行駛時(shí)的差速器（參考視頻）,3、扭矩特性,右轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，行星齒輪自轉(zhuǎn)，產(chǎn)生摩擦轉(zhuǎn)矩M4，使轉(zhuǎn)速

5、快的半軸1的轉(zhuǎn)矩減小，使轉(zhuǎn)速快的半軸2的轉(zhuǎn)矩增大，但由于M4，很小，半軸1、2的轉(zhuǎn)矩幾乎不變，仍為平均分配。,直線行駛時(shí)，行星齒輪沒有自轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)矩平均分配給左、右半軸。,設(shè)輸入差速器殼的轉(zhuǎn)矩為M0 ，輸出給左、右兩半軸齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)矩為M1和M2，Mf為折合到半軸齒輪上總的內(nèi)摩擦力矩，則：,M1=（M0Mf）/2,M2=（M0+ Mf）/2,結(jié)論：無(wú)論差速器差速與否，普通行星齒輪差速器都具有轉(zhuǎn)矩等量分配的特性。 普通差速器等量分配特性對(duì)于汽車在壞路面上行駛時(shí)十分不利，因一側(cè)車輪打滑，所得作用力矩很小，而另一車輪也只能同樣分配得到很小的轉(zhuǎn)矩，以致汽車無(wú)法自拔。,差速器,,,差速器短片,二、防滑差速器

6、(參考視頻，好長(zhǎng)的廣告),1、強(qiáng)制鎖住式差速器 當(dāng)汽車在壞路面上行駛時(shí)，駕駛員通過(guò)差速鎖將差速器暫時(shí)鎖住，使差速器不起差速作用。,差速器,2、自鎖式差速器,汽車在行駛過(guò)程中，根據(jù)路面情況自動(dòng)改變驅(qū)動(dòng)輪間的轉(zhuǎn)矩分配。在兩半軸轉(zhuǎn)速不等時(shí)，行星齒輪自轉(zhuǎn)，差速器所受摩擦力矩與快轉(zhuǎn)半軸旋向相反，與慢轉(zhuǎn)半軸旋向相同，故能夠自動(dòng)地向慢轉(zhuǎn)一方多分配一些轉(zhuǎn)矩。 超鏈接,,差速器,自鎖差速器短片,,軸間差速1 軸間差速2,半軸與橋殼,一、半軸 功用：將差速器傳來(lái)的動(dòng)力傳給驅(qū)動(dòng)輪。 實(shí)心軸，內(nèi)端有花鍵，外端有凸緣。 1、全浮式半軸支承 受扭矩，不受彎矩。 特點(diǎn)：易于拆裝，只需擰 下半軸凸緣上的螺栓即殼 抽出半軸,,

7、,半軸與橋殼,全浮式半軸支承： 全浮式半軸的半軸凸緣一端與輪鼓相連，輪載通過(guò)兩個(gè)相距較遠(yuǎn)的軸承支承在橋殼上。半軸另一端通過(guò)半軸齒輪輪轂支承于差速器殼兩側(cè)軸頸孔內(nèi)，而差速器殼又以兩側(cè)軸頸通過(guò)軸承支承在橋殼上，用這樣的支承，半軸與橋殼沒有直接聯(lián)系，即半軸兩端均不承受任何彎矩及反力故稱全浮式，所謂全“浮”即指卸除半軸的彎曲載荷而言。 全浮式支承的半軸易于拆裝，只需擰下半軸突緣盤上的螺栓，即可將半軸抽出，而車輪和橋殼照樣能支持汽車。外端結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，制造成本較高，小汽車一般不采用，廣泛應(yīng)用于輕、中、重型載貨汽車和客車上。,半軸與橋殼,半軸與橋殼,,,半浮式半軸支承 與全浮式內(nèi)端相同，半軸與橋殼不受彎矩，同

8、樣是借差速器殼軸頸通過(guò)軸承支承在橋殼上，外端與輪轂直接配合，且半軸直接通過(guò)軸承支承在橋殼上。顯然，此時(shí)作用在車輪上的各種反力都必經(jīng)過(guò)半軸傳給驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼。由于這種文承型式半軸內(nèi)端不承受彎矩，外端卻承受全部彎矩，故稱為半浮式。,半軸與橋殼,半軸與橋殼,2、半浮式半軸支承 受扭矩，外端受彎矩。 結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，價(jià)格低廉，質(zhì)量小，但拆卸不方便。多于轎車及微型、輕型車上。,半軸與橋殼,,,二、橋殼 1、功用： 用來(lái)安裝主減速器、差速器、半軸、輪轂等部件的基礎(chǔ)體。,半軸與橋殼,2、橋殼分類：（1）整體式橋殼（2）分段式橋殼,1）整體式橋殼: 特點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)度、剛度好，便于拆裝、調(diào)整，但質(zhì)量大,半軸與橋殼,,,整體式

9、橋殼 其中部為一環(huán)形空心殼體，兩端壓入半軸套管，并用螺釘止動(dòng)。半軸套管于殼中伸出部分安裝輪轂軸承，端部制有螺紋用以安裝輪轂軸承調(diào)整螺母和鎖緊螺母，橋殼上突緣盤用來(lái)固定制動(dòng)底板。主減速器、差速器預(yù)先裝在主減速器殼內(nèi)，并用螺釘固定在橋殼環(huán)狀空心殼體前端面上，橋殼后端面的大孔可用來(lái)檢查主減速器的工作情況，后蓋上裝有檢查油面用的螺塞。,半軸與橋殼,,2）分段式橋殼 特點(diǎn)： 分段式橋殼各段之間可相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，采用獨(dú)立式懸架。,半軸與橋殼,分段式橋殼 分段式橋殼一般由兩段組成為一個(gè)由兩段組成的兩段式橋殼，中間用螺栓連成一體，它由主減速器殼、蓋和兩個(gè)半軸套管組成。分段式橋殼鑄造加工簡(jiǎn)便，但維修、保養(yǎng)十分不便。當(dāng)

10、拆檢主減速器時(shí)，必須把整個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋從汽車上拆卸下來(lái)，目前很少采用。,半軸與橋殼,,復(fù)習(xí)視頻,,,Contents,Hot Tip,How do I incorporate my logo to a slide that will apply to all the other slides? On the View menu, point to Master, and then click Slide Master or Notes Master. Change images to the one you like, then it will apply to all the other slid

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