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初中英語非謂語動詞
教
學
設
計
永城市第六初級中學 王楊
2018年4月26日
Non-finite Verbs(非謂語動詞)
Teaching aims:
1. Ask the class to learn more about the Non-finite Verbs.
2. Help the class use the Non-finite Verbs freely and correctly.
Key and difficulties:
1. The tenses a
2、nd voices of the Non-finite Verbs.
2. The on-finite Verbs used as Subject, Object, Attribute, Adverbial, Object complement ect.
3. The differences between the infinitive, the Past Participle and the Present Participle.
Teaching Methods:
1. Explain the basic uses of the Non-finite Verbs.
2. Emph
3、asize the important and difficult points.
3. Practice.
Teaching aids: A computer and a blackboard.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1. Lead- in
I want to go to the park (want 是謂語,to go 是非謂語)
Step 2. Explain the tenses and voices of the Non-finite Verbs.
時 態(tài)
主 動
被 動
意 義
一般式
to do
to be
4、done
與謂語動作同時或之后發(fā)生
進行式
to be doing
正在進行
完成式
to have done
to have been done
之前發(fā)生
完成進行式
to have been doing
?
之前發(fā)生,仍在進行
分詞
主 動
被 動
用 法
意義
現(xiàn)在
分詞
一般式
doing
being done
同時發(fā)生
1.主動2.進行
3. 既主動又進行
完成式
having done
having been done
之前發(fā)生
過去
分詞
done
?
?
1.被動2.完成3.既被動
5、又完成
Step 3. Explain the basic uses of the Non-finite Verbs.
不定式
1. 構成:to+動詞原形,即:to do形式。其否定形式為:not to do。如: The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.
老師告訴我放學后完成我的家庭作業(yè)。
2.動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。
?作主語
To help the old is our duty.幫助老人是我們的職責。
注意:動詞不定式作主
6、語時,為了保持句子的平衡,往往用it作形式主語,而把不定式短語置于謂語動詞之后。
①“It's+ adj.+of sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)……”。這一句型中常用表示性質(zhì)、品格的形容詞 如:It's kind of you to help me.你幫了我,你真好。
②“It's+ adj.+for sb.+不定式”表示“做某事對某人來說……”。如:It's dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.
對你來說,爬上那個高樹是危險的。
?作表語 To eat is to live,but to live is not to eat.
7、吃飯是為了活著,但活著并不是為了吃飯。
?作賓語,常接不定式作賓語的動詞有:decide(決定),expect(期望),forget(忘記),hope(希望),pretend(假裝),try(盡力)等。如:
I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行車。
?作賓語補足語 ,常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:ask(要求),tell(告訴),want(想要),teach(教),wish(希望),help(幫助),warn(警告),invite(邀請),encourage(鼓勵)等。如:
She asked me to answer the phone while
8、she was out.
當她出去的時候,她叫我接電話。
?作定語 動詞不定式作定語時,常置于被修飾名詞之后作后置定語,且被修飾的名詞與不定式的動詞有動賓關系或介賓關系。如:
He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(動賓)
He has no friends to talk with.他沒有可以與之交談的朋友。(介賓)
注意:①當不定式修飾的名詞是time,place或way時,不定式后的介詞習慣省去。如:He had no place to live(in).他沒地方住。
②有些名詞常用不定式作定語。如:
a chance to go to s
9、chool上學的機會
no time to think about rest沒時間考慮休息
a way to learn(of learning)English學習英語的一種方法
?作狀語 They ran over to welcome us.(表目的) 他們跑過來歡迎我們。
Paul is too excited to say anything.(表結果) 保羅激動得說不出話來。
I'm sorry to trouble you.(表原因) 很抱歉打擾你。
注意:有些動詞不定式在使用時,要省去to。具體有:
①在動詞let,feel,see,look at,watch,h
10、ave,make,notice,hear等動詞后,動詞不定式作賓語時,要省略to。但在變被動語態(tài)時,省略的to要加上。如:I heard someone knock at the door.我聽到有人在敲門。
②在would you please,had better,why not,would rather等結構的句型后,要用不帶to的不定式。如:You'd better go to bed early.
3.特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式(why 除外)如:
I don't know what to do.我不知該做什么。
動名詞:動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì),在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等
11、。如:Saying so much is useless.說那么多沒用處。(主語)
My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的樂趣是旅游。(表語)
She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜愛看電影。(賓語)
There is a swimming pool here.這兒有一個游泳池。(定語)
注意:(1)初中階段常見的接動名詞的動詞或動詞短語有:enjoy(喜歡),finish(完成),keep(保持),practice(練習),mind(介意),suggest(建議),be busy(忙于);be worth(值得),ca
12、n't help(禁不住),give up(放棄),be used to(習慣于),stop/prevent/keep…from(阻止),look forward to(盼望);feel like(想要);be good at(擅長);be interested in(對……感興趣);succeed in(成功)等。
(2)有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動名詞形式作賓語,但表達的意思不同。
①stop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停下來去做某事
②try doing sth.嘗試做某事try to do sth.盡力去做某事
③forget doing st
13、h.忘了做過某事forget to do sth.忘了要做某事(未做)
④remember doing sth.記得做過某事
remember to do sth.記得要做某事(未做)
⑤need doing sth.需要做某事(被動含義)
need to do sth.需要去做某事(主動含義)
【例】 Isn't it strange that the cat is used to______(lie)beside the dog peacefully? 答案: lying
【例】 It is worth______(mention)that Nanjing has ente
14、red Top 10 Appealing Chinese Cities. 答案: mentioning
【例】 Would you mind______(turn) down the music?The baby is sleeping.
答案:turning
分詞:To know the differences between the infinitive, the Past Participle and the Present Participle.
Step 4. Practice.
Step 5. Summary and Homework
Blackboard Design(optional).
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普通教學