(江蘇專用)2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題一 語(yǔ)法知識(shí) 第11講 名詞與冠詞課件.ppt
《(江蘇專用)2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題一 語(yǔ)法知識(shí) 第11講 名詞與冠詞課件.ppt》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《(江蘇專用)2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題一 語(yǔ)法知識(shí) 第11講 名詞與冠詞課件.ppt(49頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、第11講名詞與冠詞,專題一語(yǔ)法知識(shí),真題診斷,考點(diǎn)突破,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,內(nèi)容索引,真題診斷,1.Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.(2018江蘇,32) A.assignment B.association C.acquisition D.assumption,解析,解析句意為:努力弄明白實(shí)際正在發(fā)生的事情,而不是按照你做出的假設(shè)去行動(dòng)。D項(xiàng)assumption意為“假設(shè)”,符合語(yǔ)境。youve made是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾assumption,make an assumpti
2、on意為“做出假設(shè)”。assignment任務(wù),作業(yè);association聯(lián)系;acquisition獲得,得到。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,2.The _ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.(2018天津,6) A.advice B.order C.possibility D.invitation,解析,解析句意為:在宇宙的其他星球上存在著生命,這一可能性一直鼓舞著科學(xué)家們探索外太空。possibi
3、lity意為“可能性”,符合語(yǔ)境,故選C。advice建議;order命令,秩序;invitation邀請(qǐng),請(qǐng)柬。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,3.Can you tell us your _ for happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full,definitely.(2016江蘇,24) A.recipe B.record C.range D.receipt,解析,解析句意為:您能告訴我們您幸福與長(zhǎng)壽的秘訣嗎?確切地說(shuō),是充實(shí)地過(guò)好每一天。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知,此處問(wèn)的是幸福與長(zhǎng)壽的秘訣。recipe秘訣,訣竅,符合句意。re
4、cord記錄;range范圍;receipt收據(jù),均不符合題意。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,4.Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015江蘇,32) A.judgments B.adjustments Cments D.achievements,解析句意為:為了與國(guó)家足球改革相一致,一些學(xué)校將不得不做出調(diào)整。judgment判斷;adjustment調(diào)整,適應(yīng);ment評(píng)論;achievement成果,成就。故選B項(xiàng)。,解析,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,5
5、.Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave. Id like to,but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _. (2015江蘇,35) A.requests B.excuses C.apologies D.regrets,解析,解析句意為:去向你媽媽道歉,戴夫。我想去,但我擔(dān)心她對(duì)我的道歉不滿意。request要求,請(qǐng)求;excuse理由,借口;apology道歉,致歉;regret懊悔,遺憾。根據(jù)前面的“say sorry”可知選C項(xiàng)。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6._ prize for the winner of
6、 the petition is _ two-week holiday in Paris.(2016浙江,2) A.The;/ B.A;/ C.A;the D.The;a,解析,解析句意為:這次比賽給獲勝者的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是在巴黎度假兩周。第一個(gè)空格表示對(duì)比賽獲勝者的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),是特指,故用the;第二個(gè)空格泛指一次為期兩周的假期,用不定冠詞a。故選D項(xiàng)。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7.Being able to afford _ drink would be _ fort in those tough times. A.the;the B.a;a C.a;/ D./;a,解析,解析句意為:在那些艱苦
7、的歲月里,能買(mǎi)得起一杯飲料都會(huì)是一件令人安慰的事。本題容易誤選C項(xiàng),認(rèn)為fort “安慰”是不可數(shù)名詞,其實(shí)此處為抽象名詞的具體化,a fort令人感到安慰的一個(gè)人或一件事;a drink一杯飲料。故B項(xiàng)正確。,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,診斷報(bào)告,解題方法 (一)三方法解決名詞辨析題 1.利用固定搭配和習(xí)慣表達(dá) 2.利用句子的平衡、對(duì)比等結(jié)構(gòu) 3.充分把握具體的語(yǔ)境 (二)三方法辨別冠詞方法 1.語(yǔ)境暗示法 在解答冠詞試題時(shí),要注意下面的原則:一是根據(jù)句子的意思判斷是特指(定冠詞表示特指)還是泛指(不定冠詞表示泛指),其次看是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞。這樣就能夠根據(jù)句子的意思判斷出是選定
8、冠詞還是不定冠詞。,2.準(zhǔn)確翻譯法 冠詞a/an表示“一個(gè),一種,某一個(gè)”,一般泛指任意一個(gè);而the表示“這個(gè),那個(gè)”,是特指。所以在大多數(shù)情況下,如果我們能準(zhǔn)確地把泛指或特指的意思翻譯出來(lái),就能夠正確地解答該題。 3.固定短語(yǔ)搭配法 掌握冠詞的習(xí)慣用法,冠詞活用和固定詞組中用不用冠詞或用什么冠詞對(duì)于解答冠詞試題也是很重要的。,考點(diǎn)突破,考點(diǎn)1名詞詞義辨析,1.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some_ and then let me know.(2015安徽,30) A.thought B.support C.prot
9、ection D.authority,解析句意為:現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有必要告訴我你的答案。多思考一下,再讓我知道。 thought思想,思考,符合句意。support支持,維持,支援,供養(yǎng);protection保護(hù),防衛(wèi);authority權(quán)威,權(quán)力,當(dāng)局。,解析,答案,1,2,3,4,5,2.One of the most effective ways to reduce _ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2015浙江,15) A.production B.stress C.energy D.power,解析句意為:減少壓力最有效的方
10、法之一就是與你信任的人談?wù)勀愕母惺?。stress壓力,緊張,符合語(yǔ)境。production生產(chǎn),制作,產(chǎn)品;energy精力,活力,干勁;power權(quán)力,勢(shì)力,影響力。,解析,答案,1,2,3,4,5,3.The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight.(2016天津,10) A.effect B.sense C.change D.chance,解析句意為:天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)今天多云,后半夜可能有雨。chance可能性,符合語(yǔ)境。effect結(jié)果,效應(yīng);sense感覺(jué),理解力;chang
11、e變化,改變。,解析,答案,1,2,3,4,5,4.The failure was a big _ to him,but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.(2015福建,24) A.blow B.issue C.excuse D.factor,解析句意為:這次失敗對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是一次不小的沖擊,但是他沒(méi)有氣餒,很快就變得和以往一樣有熱情了。blow打擊,痛擊,符合語(yǔ)境。issue問(wèn)題;excuse借口;factor因素。,解析,答案,1,2,3,4,5,5.Could you tell me the _ of mak
12、ing such tasty cakes? Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook.(2014福建,26) A.feature B.plan C.cost D.trick,解析句意為:你能告訴我制作如此美味的蛋糕的訣竅嗎?哦,我只是按照烹飪書(shū)上的說(shuō)明來(lái)做的。feature特征,特點(diǎn);plan計(jì)劃;cost費(fèi)用;trick技巧。,解析,答案,1,2,3,4,5,考點(diǎn)歸納,(一)名詞的詞義辨析 名詞的詞義辨析是高考的熱點(diǎn),主要考查考生結(jié)合語(yǔ)境區(qū)分詞義的能力,因而在記憶單詞時(shí),一定要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境體會(huì)其意義。近幾年考查的名詞詞義辨析主要有以下幾種
13、形式:,1.“同綴”詞的詞義辨析,即相同詞綴的名詞辨析。近幾年高考中常出現(xiàn)的有: expression(表情) attention(注意) satisfaction(滿意) impression(印象) acmodation(住宿) occupation(職業(yè)) adaptation(適應(yīng),改編) appreciation(欣賞) equipment(設(shè)備) arrangement(安排) assessment(評(píng)估,估算) entertainment(娛樂(lè)) consequence(后果) independence(獨(dú)立) petence(能力,權(quán)限) intelligence(智力),2.
14、“形近”詞的詞義辨析,近幾年高考中常出現(xiàn)的形近詞有: mand(命令) parison(比較) pliment(贊美) contribution(貢獻(xiàn)) mitment(承諾,保證) petition(競(jìng)爭(zhēng)) acmodation(住宿) acpany(陪伴),(二)名詞的一詞多義與熟詞新義 名詞的一詞多義與熟詞新義是考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。掌握熟詞新義重在多閱讀、多積累。 Those who suffer from headache will find they get relief from this medicine. 患頭疼的人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)通過(guò)使用這種藥,他們的頭疼會(huì)得到緩解。 relief的常見(jiàn)
15、含義為“安慰,寬慰”,此處表示“緩解”。,考點(diǎn)2名詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配,When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his _ and had a bad fall.(2015湖北,21) A.balance B.chance C.memory D.place,解析,解析句意為:當(dāng)這個(gè)男孩追趕哥哥的時(shí)候,他失去了平衡,狠狠地摔了一跤。根據(jù)句中的had a bad fall可知,這個(gè)男孩之所以摔倒是因?yàn)槭チ似胶?,lose ones balance意為“失去平衡”。chance機(jī)會(huì);memory記憶;place地方。,答案,考點(diǎn)3抽象名詞具體
16、化,Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _ pleasure. A./;a B.a;/ C.the;a D.a;the,解析,解析句意為:對(duì)人們來(lái)說(shuō),欣賞能帶給他們樂(lè)趣的世博會(huì)感覺(jué)非常棒。feeling為可數(shù)名詞,pleasure表示“快樂(lè),樂(lè)趣”,為不可數(shù)名詞,在這表示泛指,故B項(xiàng)正確。,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,抽象名詞具體化通??煞譃橐韵滤念?lèi): 1. 表示情感、情緒的詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的人或事時(shí)常將其具體化使用。常用的重點(diǎn)抽象名詞有:,I think this sports mee
17、ting was a huge success. 我認(rèn)為這次運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是一個(gè)巨大的成功。,2.表行為的抽象名詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)其具體表現(xiàn)形式時(shí),常用“a/an抽象名詞”或“a/an形容詞抽象名詞”。常用短語(yǔ)、句型如下: have a wonderful supper;have a bright future;have a good time;have a population of;have a good knowledge/understanding of;have an ine of;receive a good education;receive a warm wele;cover an area o
18、f;reach a height of Its a waste of time/money. Its a great help to me. Its a pity that.,3.表示具體動(dòng)作意義的抽象名詞,加a/an與某些動(dòng)詞(have,take,make,give)等詞連用時(shí),表示某一次短暫的動(dòng)作。 have a swim/rest/look/trip/discussion/smoke/wash/sleep;take a walk/ bath;give/take a try;make an advance/an early start/an apology; take/have a gre
19、at interest;go out for a walk 4.接同源賓語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ),通常名詞表示具體化意義。 die a heroic death;live/lead a happy/simple/hard/poor/bitter life; dream a strange dream,考點(diǎn)4不定冠詞與定冠詞的綜合考查,1.I just heard _ bank where Dora works was robbed by _ gunman wearing a mask.(2015重慶,3) A.the;/ B.a;/ C.the;a D.a;the,解析,解析句意為:我剛聽(tīng)說(shuō)多拉工作的那家銀行
20、被一名蒙面持槍歹徒搶劫了。第一空為特指,表示“多拉工作的那家銀行”;第二空為泛指,表示“一名”。,答案,2.There are over 58,000 rocky objects in _ space,about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth. A.the;the B./;the C.the;/ D.a;the,解析,解析句意為:太空中有超過(guò)58 000的巖狀物體,其中大約900有可能掉到地球上。第一空in space是固定短語(yǔ),不用冠詞,類(lèi)似用法還有in nature,in society等;第二空后的名詞earth屬于獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物,其
21、前必須用定冠詞。,答案,考點(diǎn)歸納,(一)不定冠詞a/an的用法,(1)The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of harmony,peace and development. “中國(guó)夢(mèng)”是一個(gè)提升人民幸福感的夢(mèng),也是一個(gè)和諧、和平和發(fā)展的夢(mèng)。 (2)He missed the gold in the high jump,but will get a second chance in the long jump. 他在跳高比賽中沒(méi)有贏得金牌,但是,在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中他還有一次(獲得金牌的)機(jī)會(huì)。
22、,(二)定冠詞the的用法,(1)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century. 據(jù)說(shuō)在十三世紀(jì)馬可波羅去爪哇島途中曾航行經(jīng)過(guò)太平洋。 (2)Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year. Right,he will also get paid by the week. 據(jù)說(shuō)約翰將擁有一份年薪超過(guò)60 000美元的工作。 是的,而且會(huì)按周獲得報(bào)酬。,(三)零冠詞,indep
23、endence等。,(1)The Smiths dont usually like staying at hotels,but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by sea. 史密斯一家通常不喜歡住旅館,但去年夏天他們?cè)诤_呉患也诲e(cuò)的旅館住了幾天。 (2)Dr.Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” 這所學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)彼得斯彭斯博士告訴我們,
24、這里五分之一的學(xué)生將繼續(xù)到牛津或劍橋大學(xué)深造。 (3)Clever boy as he is,he cant solve such a difficult problem. 盡管他是個(gè)聰明的孩子,但他無(wú)法解決這么難的問(wèn)題。,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,1.Due to the _ of this medical technology,some diseases can be treated at the early stage.(2018泰州中學(xué)高三上期中,22) A.appreciation B.application C.appointment D.approach
25、,解析,解析句意為:由于這種醫(yī)療技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,一些疾病可以在早期得到治療。appreciation感謝,欣賞;application應(yīng)用,申請(qǐng);appointment約會(huì);approach方法,接近。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,2.Sinclairs next puter,the ZX81,was an even bigger hit,and his panys _ grew by 600% over the previous year. (2018如東中學(xué)高三上期中,31) A.allowance B.receipts C.finance D.salary,解析,解析句意
26、為:辛克萊的下一臺(tái)電腦the ZX81更加熱銷(xiāo),他公司的收入比前一年增加了600%。allowance 津貼;receipts收款,收入;finance金融;salary薪水。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B。,答案,3.What do you think we should do after dinner? Why dont we get _ beer at the Karaoke bar down the street? It is kind of _fun to hear all the bands singing. A.a;/ B.a;a C.the;a D.a;the,解析句意為:你認(rèn)為我們晚飯
27、后應(yīng)該做什么?為什么不到街上的卡拉OK喝杯啤酒呢?聽(tīng)所有的樂(lè)隊(duì)唱歌是一種樂(lè)趣。口語(yǔ)中表示“一杯啤酒”的時(shí)候前面用定冠詞a;fun是不可數(shù)名詞,不加冠詞。故選A。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,解析,答案,4.Id like to thank you for the great _ of being addressing this assembly,sharing my opinion of living a low-carbon life. (2018泰州中學(xué)高三上期中,25) A.privilege B.principle C.possibility D.presentation
28、,解析句意為:我很榮幸地感謝您給我在這次大會(huì)上發(fā)言的機(jī)會(huì),能夠發(fā)表有關(guān)于我如何踐行低碳生活的觀點(diǎn)。privilege榮幸;principle原則;possibility可能性;presentation呈現(xiàn)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷這是一種榮幸。故選A。,解析,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.Every great acplishment rests on the _ of what came before it;when you trace it back,youll see one small step that started it all.(2018蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一調(diào),21) A.re
29、putation B.expectation C.recreation D.foundation,解析reputation名聲;expectation期望;recreation娛樂(lè);foundation基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表達(dá)的是“每一項(xiàng)偉大的成就都依賴于之前所有的根基”。故選D。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,解析,答案,6.The leaders of the BRICS countries Friday reached important _ on building an open world economy and improving global economic g
30、overnance(管理) during their informal meeting on the sidelines of the G20 Summit in Hamburg,Germany. A.consideration B.consensus Cmitment D.confirmation,解析句意為:“金磚四國(guó)”領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者周五在德國(guó)漢堡20國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)非正式會(huì)議上達(dá)成重要共識(shí),要建立一個(gè)開(kāi)放的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)并且要提升全球經(jīng)濟(jì)管理。consideration考慮;consensus一致,輿論,合意;mitment承諾,保證,承擔(dān)義務(wù),獻(xiàn)身;confirmation確認(rèn)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境得知是“達(dá)成共識(shí)
31、”。故選B。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,解析,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7.For the final _ of our journey,we decided to take the coach.(2017南京三模,22) A.leg B.round C.distance D.path,解析,解析句意為:對(duì)于我們旅行的最后一段路程,我們決定乘坐長(zhǎng)途客車(chē)。leg腿,一段路程,the final leg最后一段路程,符合語(yǔ)境。round輪,局,場(chǎng);distance距離;path小路,都不符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。,答案,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.
32、Many people tend to assume that _ just means creating something new,but actually its more than thatits an attitude of doing things.(2017南京、鹽城一模,21) A.imitation B.imagination C.innovation D.inspiration,答案,解析,解析句意為:很多人往往認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新僅僅意味著創(chuàng)造新的東西,但事實(shí)上創(chuàng)新不止于此創(chuàng)新是一種做事的態(tài)度。innovation革新,創(chuàng)新,符合句意。imitation模仿,仿效;imaginati
33、on想象,想象力;inspiration激勵(lì),鼓勵(lì),靈感,啟發(fā)。,9.Janes grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for many years,but one thing or another always got in _ way. A.a;/ B.the;the C./;the D.a;the,解析考查冠詞。句意為:簡(jiǎn)的奶奶多年來(lái)一直想寫(xiě)一本兒童書(shū)籍,但總有這樣那樣的事情阻礙她不能實(shí)現(xiàn)。第一空表泛指,故用不定冠詞a;第二空為固定表達(dá)in the way妨礙,阻礙。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,解析,答案,10.The important thing in life is to have a great aim,and the _ to achieve it.(2017蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模,21) A.acquisition Bprehension C.determination D.satisfaction,解析句意為:人生重要的事情是有一個(gè)偉大的目標(biāo),并有實(shí)現(xiàn)它的決心。determination決心,符合題意。acquisition獲得,獲得物;prehension理解,理解力;satisfaction滿意。故選C項(xiàng)。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,解析,答案,
- 溫馨提示:
1: 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
2: 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
3.本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
5. 裝配圖網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 荷葉圓圓課件4
- 藥品經(jīng)營(yíng)監(jiān)督管理課件
- 九年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)研究課:一次函數(shù)圖象的應(yīng)用PPT課件
- 初一年級(jí)家長(zhǎng)會(huì)PPT課件(教育精品)
- 28萬(wàn)噸電解鋁項(xiàng)目工程施工總結(jié)課件
- 機(jī)械通氣及臨床應(yīng)用
- 春季健康小常識(shí)
- 李丹-1206班-生活小常識(shí)
- 精品:新目標(biāo)九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)unit4課件Section_B_1
- 高品質(zhì)客戶服務(wù)
- 生產(chǎn)過(guò)程品質(zhì)控制
- 第3單元—比大小
- 第2課第一站了解壓力
- 第2課時(shí)和單位(2)
- 太陽(yáng)視運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡圖解