《介詞+關(guān)系代詞》PPT課件.ppt

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1、music,,Preposition +which / +whom ATTIBUTIVE: FOLLOW ME!,定語從句,介詞+關(guān)系詞的定義,當(dāng)介詞后的賓語提前做為先行詞時，介詞可以放在定語從句中，也可提前放于關(guān)系詞前,He is the person _____________ you spoke to,that/who/whom,,He is the person _______ you spoke.,whom,This is the house __________ I lived in 4 years ago,,This is the house ______ I lived 4

2、y ago,that/which,which,to,in,,,,The city which she lives in is far away.,The man whom you spoke to is our headmaster.,The farm which we worked on ten years ago is beautiful.,This is the tree which we used to play games under.,The farm on which we worked ten years ago is beautiful.,The man to whom yo

3、u spoke is our headmaster.,The city in which she lives is far away.,This is the tree under which we used to play games.,介詞+關(guān)系詞的功能,一、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中主要起關(guān)系副詞的作用，即在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只有whom, which和whose 三個，不能用that. 二、介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 三、先行詞時物時，介詞后用關(guān)系詞which，先行詞是人時，介詞后用關(guān)系詞whom. 四、表所屬關(guān)系時用of which /whom,The

4、 boy _________ parents are both doctors won the first place in the exam.,whose,The boy the parents of whom are both doctors won the first place in the exam.,=of whom the parents,關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 和介詞+which之間的關(guān)系,關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用 適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。 如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which,

5、 why=for+which 。,1. I wont forget the date on which I was born. 2. This is the room in which I lived. 3. I dont know the reason for which he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days during which they lived in Tianjin. ! 5. Hangzhou is the place to which I went last year. 6. I remem

6、ber the day on which my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.,=when,=where,=why,=when,=where,=when,介詞+關(guān)系詞中介詞的選擇,根據(jù)從句所修飾的先行詞的需要來確定介詞。 根據(jù)從句中謂語動詞或形容詞搭配的需要來確定介詞。 根據(jù)從句句意的需要來確定介詞。 根據(jù)主從句搭配關(guān)系的需要來確定介詞。,The money ____ which you were to buy dog food is gone. He will never forget the day ____ wh

7、ich he failed in the exam. This is the mountain village ____ which I stayed last year. Ill never forget the farm ______which I worked together with you.,一、根據(jù)從句所修飾的先行詞的需要來確定介詞,with the money 用錢,on,with,in,on,on the day 在那天,in the mountain village在山村,on the farm在農(nóng)場,He is really the person ____ whom we

8、 have a lot to learn. The girl _________ whom you are talking is working . The West Lake, _____ which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. The man ______ whom I shook hands just now is my daughters English teacher.,二、根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞確定,learn from sb. 向某人學(xué)習(xí),talk to/with sb. 與某人交談,be famous fo

9、r 因?yàn)槎劽?shake hands with sb. 與某人握手,from,to/with,for,with,Air, ________which man cant live, is really important.,三、根據(jù)定語從句句意或主從句的搭配關(guān)系來確定,The pen _____ which he is writing now was bought yesterday.,This is my pair of glasses, ________ which I cannot see clearly. He is the girl ____ whom you went to con

10、cert last night.,without,,with,without,with,一般情況下，介詞放在關(guān)系代詞which和whom之 前，也可放在動詞后。,固定搭配的動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前. 常見的這類動詞短語有: look for/after/forward to、care for、 take care of、hear of/about/from, 等. This is the right place Im looking for. The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.,介詞+關(guān)系詞中介詞的位置,介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的

11、定語從句,關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇,方法一是看從句謂語部分缺少什么介詞(習(xí)慣搭配),再則可以通過整個句子整體含義來判斷,結(jié)合生活實(shí)際來判斷.,Tips,1. Do you like the book on which she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book for which she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book form which she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book about which she often talks?,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的使用,5. The man

12、 to whom I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing. 6. Glasses, without which I cant see clearly, are really important for me. 7. China is a beautiful country, of which we are proud. 8. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?,This is the teacher whose daughter is a famou

13、s doctor. =This is the teacher the daughter of whom is a famous doctor.,1.名詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞,We have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada.,2.數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞(含基數(shù)詞.序數(shù)詞.分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)）,3.代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞（代詞有all、both、none、either、either、some、any等）,The old woman has two sons, both of whom are teachers. I have many f

14、riends , some of whom are from China.,4.形容詞最高級+介詞+關(guān)系代詞,China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan Island.,5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞,He spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine.,Look at these sentences !,We bought a house in front of ______ there is a lake. We had a b

15、arbecue on the farm behind _____ we found a wood. Mike reached the post office, on the right of ______ he noticed a supermarket.,which,which,which,The man ___________I shook hands just now is my daughters English teacher. A desert is a great plain _________ nothing will grow. He was the man ________

16、___room the thief had stolen the bag. This is my pair of glasses, ______________I cannot see clearly.,with whom,in which,from whose,without which,5.The girl _______________he spoke made no answer. 6.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _________are sold abroad. 7.They a

17、sked me a lot of questions, many ___________ I couldnt answer. Two men, ________________I had ever seen before, came into my office. 我以前從未見過他們,neither of whom,to whom,of which,of which,9.He got his first salary，___________ he gave to his parents. 其中一半 10.Our country has many islands, _______________

18、_____is Taiwan. 其中最大的 11.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 226 days.,the largest of which,half of which,of which, 介詞加關(guān)系代詞的基本用法,The man __________ you shook hands just now is our headmaster. The room __________ my family live used to be a gara

19、ge. Did you find the pen _________ I wrote just now? Did you find the paper ________ I wrote my letter? Did you find the composition ______ I wrote just now?,with whom,in which,with which,on which,which,,,,,,The farm we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be. He is the man you can tur

20、n for help. This is the tree we used to play games.,on which,to whom,under which,on the farm 在農(nóng)場,turn to sb. for help 向某人求助,under the tree 在樹下,The sun gives us heat and light, _______________ we cant live.,The student ___________ we were talking just now is the best student in our class.,Ill n

21、ever forget the day __________ she said goodbye to me.,Who can give me the reason ________ he hasnt turned up yet?,without which,about whom,on which,for which,1. The teacher_____ _____ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu. 2. This is the house____ ______ LuXun once lived. The reason _____ ______ I came here

22、is that I want to get your help. 4. The fellow ___ _____ I spoke made no answer. 5. The West Lake, ____ _______ Hangzhou is famous ,is a beautiful place.,from whom,in which,for which,to whom,for which,Practice,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1.Do you know who lives in the building ______ there is a well? A.in f

23、ront of it B. in front of whose C.in front of which D.in front which 2.Ill never forget the day____I joined the League. A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which 3.The woman_____my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B.to whom C.to who D whom,C,A,B,4.Jeanne was her old fri

24、end,____she borrowed a necklace. A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom 5.His glasses,_____he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg. A.which B.with which C.without which D.that 6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_____much can be learned. A.who B.that

25、 C. from which D.from whom,B,C,D,7.He built a telescope___he could study the skies. A.in which B.with that C.through which D.by it 8.Do you know the reason____he was late? A.that B.which C.for what D.for which 9.I have bought two ballpens,____writes well. A.none of which B.ne

26、ither of which C.none of them D.neither of them,C,D,B,10.The Second World War_____millions of people were killed in 1945. A.during which B.in that C.where D.on which 11.China has many rivers,____the Changjiang River is the longest. A.which B. in which C.among which D. one of which 12

27、.This is the very knife_____I used to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with which,A,C,D,13. The speed____which you drive your car mustnt too high. 14. In the park there are many flowers,the colour _____ which is bright and nice. 15. The little girl is reading a bo

28、ok,_____which there are many pictures. 16. What were the things_______which he was not too sure? 17.They held a meeting,____which the hospital director made a speech. 18.The book,_____which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.,at,of,in,about,at,for,19.Is this the man____whose house the police fou

29、nd the lost coloured TV? 20.The villagers dug along tunnel_________which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers. 21.Wu Dong,_____whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 22.The stories about Long March,_____which this is one example,are well written.,in

30、,through,with,of,I will never forget the day _____ I first went to school. 狀語 I will never forget the day __________ we spent in Beijing. 賓語 The house ____________ we visited is being repaired now. 賓語 The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now. 狀語,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,,

31、,The reason ____ he didnt come to school yesterday is that he was ill. The reason____________he gave isnt believable. 賓語,why,that whichx,,1. This is all ____ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _____ you require? A. which B. tha

32、t C. who D. what,,,考點(diǎn)一:that 與which 的區(qū)別,先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, no ,something, anything等不定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞用 that,,,4. He talked happily about the men and books _____ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom,先行詞為人和物的組合，關(guān)系代詞用that。 若主句中有疑問代詞 who

33、或 which，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)系代詞用 that。,7. Which was the hotel _____ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it,,,6. Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it,先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時，關(guān)系代詞用that。,

34、5. The last place ___ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it,,,,1. 先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代詞.,2.先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等修飾時。,3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時。,4. 先行詞

35、為人和物的組合。 5.若主句中有疑問代詞 who 或者 which，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)系代詞用 that。,只用that的情況:,考點(diǎn)一:that 與which 的區(qū)別,1. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it,只用which的情況:1.逗號后面 2.介詞后面,2. The day ______ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952. A on which B that C which D.th

36、is,一個句子,兩個定語從句,為避免重復(fù),一個用that,另一個用which.,Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library ____ was newly open to us. A that B which C where D as,,,,Anyone _____breaks the law is punished. Those _____ break the law are punished. He _____ breaks the law is punished.,在one, anyone, those 指人時

37、一般用“who”。he/she/I / they作先行詞時, 用“who” 代替 “that”.,考點(diǎn)二: that 與who的區(qū)別,who,who,who,考點(diǎn)三:介詞+關(guān)系代詞,提醒: 介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇. 方法一:根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞習(xí)慣搭配； 方法二:根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。,注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。此時關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替。,1. The man with whom you shook hands just now is our headm

38、aster. 2. The room in which my family live used to be a garage.,The man is from Beijing University . I talked about him at the meeting. The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.,=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.,關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后

39、面時，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。,但遇固定詞組時，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置。,Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ?,考點(diǎn)四：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換,但下列情況多用as。 1.當(dāng)與such或the same、so、as連用時，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting I have the same plan as you. 2.as 引導(dǎo)的

40、從句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如,正象”之意，與之連用的詞有 know、see、expect、Announce、point out 等。 As we all know, the earth is round.,1. _____ Engels pointed out , labour created man himself. A. Which B. That C. This D. As 2. They said they were French. _______wasnt true. A. Which B. That C. This D. As,3. The clock

41、struck thirteen, _____ made everyone laugh. A. Which B. What C. That D. As 4. We do the same work _____ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like,,,,,考點(diǎn)五:定語從句中主謂一致問題 定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的先行詞保持一致。1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty 2.Don t choose me, who am not fit for this job,3. T

42、his is one of the best books ___. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written 4. She is the only one of the girls ___ well in class. !! A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing,,,1. Is this factory ____ we visited las

43、t week? ! Is this the factory ____ we visited last week? A.where B.that C.to which D.the one,解題關(guān)鍵：如果是疑問句式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句式。,Exercises,2. Let me think of a proper situation ____ this sentence can be used. ! A.where B.that C.of whom D.which,先行詞是situation, case, scene時，且在定語從句中作狀語時，一般用where,最佳選擇則是in which.,D,B,A,15.Here are players from Japan, some of ____ are our old friends. Here are some players from Japan and some of ____ are our old friends. ! A. which B. that C. whom D. them,非限制性定語從句,并列句,C,D,Homework,Summarize the rules of attributive clause.,