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1、大學英語（B）網(wǎng)考答題技巧,寧夏電視大學 楊 平 2010年5月,一、走進“英語統(tǒng)考”,1、 學?？荚囀恰皩W業(yè)成績測試” “學業(yè)成績測試”是學生一個學習階段的小結。目的是檢查學生是否掌握了所學的內(nèi)容。 2、 等級考試是“水平測試”“水平測試”則是不考慮過去學生所用教材、所受訓練，它根據(jù)特定的考試大綱編纂試題，設定某個成績?yōu)楹细穹謹?shù)線。,大學英語（B）統(tǒng)考經(jīng)驗匯總,大學英語（B）統(tǒng)考就是依照相應的考試大綱所制定的“英語水平測試”。 “水平測試”中為了分辨出水平很高的考生，所以，試題中有一部分題是按照教學大綱中較高要求設計的。學生在準備統(tǒng)考的時候往往走入誤區(qū)，以下經(jīng)驗是值得注
2、意和借鑒的：,經(jīng)驗1：復習要抓住重點，有得有舍,完型填空和短文聽力就是對平時水平的測試，很難在短時間通過做題有所提高。而對話，語法，作文可以在短期內(nèi)提高分數(shù)，復習時應把時間和重點放在這里。 大學英語統(tǒng)考是全國性的統(tǒng)考，走“標準化”的道路。所謂“標準化”英語測試就是： （1）內(nèi)容和形式的標準化； （2）評分的客觀性和一致性； （3）考試過程的標準化。,經(jīng)驗2：做選擇題時，不要漏題,沒把握的和不會的選項，不要空。但不要任意地選擇。 集中A、B、C、D中某一個選項，尤其是你選擇得比較少的那個選項，把它用黑線劃出。,二、考前的準備,在統(tǒng)考前，同學應做思想上和技術上的準備。 1. 思想上的準備：應樹立通
3、過的信心。同時排除僥幸心理。 在考前有計劃地，有重點地復習某些考試項目，能在短期內(nèi)在成績上有較快的提高，是完全有可能的。保證達到分數(shù)線是考前準備的最低目標。為了達到這個目標，就要把主要時間花在分項訓練上。,二、考前的準備,2. 技術上的準備。 (1) 備一本簡易通俗的語法書。(2) 備一本相當英語三級水平的詞匯手冊。(3) 準備一些水平合適的閱讀材料。(4) 備一本中級的有例句的英漢字典?？荚嚥荒芸侩娮釉~典。 (5) 備一本簡單的英語日?？谡Z對話教材。(6) 考前按正式考試的程序，做幾套模擬題。,英語知識運用技巧,這部分的試題以對話的形式出現(xiàn)，測試考生掌握日常生活常見情景中的基本交際用語的能力
4、。交際用語試題在平時的學習過程中很少見到。所以在準備統(tǒng)考時，有必要重點復習一下。 復習交際用語需要做以下準備工作： 1備一本簡單的中級口語書。2復習英語中功能性的用語，如：問候語、感謝 語、道歉、接受、拒絕等。3熟悉西方社會生活中常見的情景對話，如：打 電話、購物、問路、借東 西、銀行等等。4熟悉西方社會人們交際的基本禮節(jié)。,閱讀與理解技巧,一、外語閱讀策略都要求學生不斷進行假設、預言與推斷。即閱讀一篇文章時，讀了第一句就會對下面要講的事有一種期待，根據(jù)邏輯關系和現(xiàn)有的知識結構推斷下面會講什么。 比如：我們讀到一句話：Yesterday he didnt come to school,下面是
5、什么呢？下面肯定講的是“because”講他為什么沒來學校。 可是，當所讀的篇章如果是生疏的，是我們沒有涉獵的領域的時候。我們就很難預測了。 這說明什么問題嗎？也就是說：閱讀材料是我們熟悉的，哪怕較長我們也不覺得難。如果閱讀材料生疏，讀起來就如同爬山。那怕沒什么生詞，也費解。 所以，要提高閱讀能力，就要“廣泛閱讀與閱讀理解部分內(nèi)容相近的讀物?！币_闊閱讀題材、題材的面。在中級英語學習階段，主要集中在人文類的篇章：社會生活、名人軼事、歷史發(fā)明、自然現(xiàn)象、人際關系、等等。,閱讀與理解技巧,二、詞匯是閱讀的基礎。多年來的實驗表明，在聽、說、讀、寫四種語言技能中，詞匯與閱讀的相關度最大。影響考生閱讀速
6、度的主要原因是詞匯量不夠。 為了提高閱讀理解的速度，考生應在平時注意擴大詞匯量，把閱讀篇章作為學習英語的重要內(nèi)容。在我國，有些英語學習者把學習重點放在語法學習上，以為把語法學好了英語就好了。這是一種誤解。語法是語言的結構關系，對于理解英語的句子和篇章的上下文關系都是非常重要的。但是，僅僅學好語法而忽略了語言內(nèi)容的學習，就會影響詞匯量的擴大。 另外，有些學生做閱讀理解部分的題目。讀完了，題也做了。對過答案后就開始讀另一篇。這種滿足于答案正確的做法使學生忽略了讀書這個根本目的。同學們都有這樣的體會。題也作了，答案也對過了。但是閱讀材料中講的到底是什么，讀過之后沒有任何印象。如果把閱讀材料要當作精讀
7、來學習，文章讀過了，詞匯量擴大了，語感增強了。不僅閱讀水平提高、詞匯擴大、對完型填空的做題水平也會提高。,閱讀與理解技巧,三、影響考生理解意思的主要原因是只注意了單句的理解而忽略了整篇的理解，或只注意了文字表面上的意思而忽略了深層含義及隱含意思的理解。 對篇章的理解建立在對句子之間和段落之間邏輯關系正確的判斷。首先，應掌握文章所表達的主題思想和作者的態(tài)度。讀者必須理解文章主張什么，不主張什么，作者支持什么，不支持什么，作者表面上贊同什么，而實際上贊同的卻又是什么。讀者只理解單句的意思，不注意上下文的邏輯關系，文章真正的含義就無法搞懂?？荚嚂r，考試的題目往往讓考生選擇最佳選項添補所提的問題。選擇
8、答案時考生特別要注意因果關系和順序關系。文章中沒有現(xiàn)成的答案，而是需要通過對文章的理解進行歸納、總結和推理才能得出。,閱讀與理解技巧,四、閱讀理解部分的考試方法一般是兩種：1、一種是先讀全文，再看問題，答題。 2、一種是先讀問題，事先形成一種閱讀內(nèi)容的梗概。然后再閱讀材料中找答案。找到即可。 總之，閱讀理解部分能夠“投機取巧”答對題的機率并不高。應當重視平時積累，多看多讀，扎扎實實地把閱讀水平提上去。 英國偉大的哲學家培根在他著名的散文“Of Studies”論讀書一文中講“讀書足以怡情，足以博彩，足以長才讀書使人充實讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀” 我們應該把閱讀當作提高英語水平的基石來看待。,
9、詞匯與結構技巧,1倒裝句 . 以only 和not only, but also 開頭的句子。例：Only in this way can we learn English well. （注意：can we learn是個部分倒裝形式）。 例：Not only did they take the desks away, but they took the chairs away. （注意but后的正常語序） 以否定詞no, not, never, hardly, seldom, 開頭的句子。例：Nowhere else can you find such good quality furnit
10、ure. 例：Never before have I ever been so happy. 例：So little ____ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.A. did I know B. I had known C. I knew D. was I known,詞匯與結構技巧,2強調(diào)式例：It is because she is very devoted to her student ________ she is respected by them. A. thatB. wh
11、ichC. whatD. who It is something (that) 而不是(which) It is Mr. Li (who) ,詞匯與結構技巧,3定語從句 例：The company official ____ I thought would be fired received a raise.A. whomB. whoeverC. who D. of whom 例： ____ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As,詞匯與結構技巧,4名詞從句
12、 名詞從句的引導詞是“what” ，從句中的語序有變化，不同于正常語序?！皐hat”代替了句中某個“事或物”，而這個“事或物”(名詞)則被省略。(we once considered “something” as impossible) has now become a reality = (What we once considered as impossible) （從句作主語）has now become reality. 例： ________ was not the way the event happened. A. Which the press reporte
13、d B. That the press reported C. What did the press report D. What the press reported 例： Air, or ____ is called atmosphere, surrounds the whole earth. A. itB. thatC. whichD. what What引導的從句可作主語，which引導的從句只能修飾名詞，作定語，而且放在被修飾詞的后面。,詞匯與結構技巧,5情態(tài)動詞 推測 must be / must be doing / must have done 表示的是一種推
14、測性的句子。must be 一定是， must be doing 一定在做什么 must have done 一定做過什么。 Whos there? It must be Tom. 誰在那兒？一定是湯姆。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. would + have done 表示本可以做而未做的意思。 I would have joined you if I had time. 如果我有時間，我就會跟你們一起去了。 例：Mr. Green _____ my letter, otherwise he would h
15、ave replied before now. A. must have receivedB. must have failed to receive C. must receive D. must fail to receive 對事情做一個判斷。,詞匯與結構技巧,6虛擬語氣非真實條件句（虛擬語氣），還有其他虛擬語氣的句子。是必考的項目。 例：Id _______ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind. A. ratherB. betterC. happierD. further Id = I would would ，這是虛擬語氣的一個重要符號。
16、如：I would rather somebody did.例： The doctor advised that Mr. Malan ____ an operation right away so as to save his life. A. hadB. would haveC. haveD. was going to have 又如：It is time we went. It is (about / high) time somebody did.該干什么了。例：He talks as if he ________everything in the world. A. knows
17、B. knew C. had known D. would have known 例：I wish you ________ to me before you went and bought that car. A. spoke B. will speak C. was going to speak D. had spoken I wish sb were would d had done 例：The driver might have ______the accident if he had had his headlights on.A. missed B. avoided C. stop
18、ped D. dismissed,詞匯與結構技巧,7分詞_______ tired after a hard work ,she fell into bed and went straight to sleep. A. Felt B. Feeling C. Being felt D. To feel,詞匯與結構技巧,8獨立主格 當伴隨的情況中的主語與主句中的主語不一致時，伴隨情況從句要：帶有邏輯上的主語， 邏輯主語的謂語部分不同于一般的動詞，而使用分詞(-ing 或-ed)。 不要連詞。 比較： Because my mother is sick, I cannot a
19、ttend the conference. My mother being sick, I cannot attend the conference. Because my arm was injured, I cannot attend the conference. My arm injured, I cannot attend the conference. ______, we decided to leave at once, as we didnt want to risk missing the bus. A. As it being pretty late B. It bein
20、g pretty late C. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty late （時間已晚），我們決定立即動身，因為我們不想錯過這班公交車。 題中原句的意思是： it is pretty late, 用來說明我們?yōu)槭裁匆⒓磩由淼睦碛桑腥N辦法表達這種意思： 用原因狀語從句 Since it is pretty late, we decided to 分兩句講：It is pretty late. We decided to 用獨立主格：It (指時間) being pretty late, we decided to ,詞匯與結構技巧,9.
21、 帶介詞的定語從句關聯(lián)詞 例1：Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai, ________ she belonged. A. which B. to where C. to which D. at which 例2：The investigation, ________ will soon be published, was made by john. A. at which the results B. the results on which C. whos
22、e results D. at whose results,詞匯與結構技巧,10主謂一致： 所謂主謂一致是指謂語動詞要與主語相一致。這句要求的是動詞的單/復數(shù)要與主語匹配。如下面幾種情況： 用and 連詞是復數(shù)： Mary and Larry are 用or, either or, neither nor 時，隨or/nor后面的詞而定。這被稱作就近原則。Neither he nor we are 出現(xiàn)together with 和as well as 的短語時，不要管它,要以主語而定。 Xiao Li, together with his friends, is going to t
23、he movie. Lao Li, as well as all the other people, is going to 。,詞匯與結構技巧,11將來完成時： 時間信號是by + 將來的時間, 主句中用將來完成時或完成進行時。 By the time you finish your college studies I will have got married. By the year 2009 China will have hosted the Olympic Games. 過去完成時： 時間信號是by + 過去時間，主句中用過去完成時或過去完成進行時。 By the time w
24、hen we got there, everything had been sold out. By the end of 1989 I had finished my studies in college. By next year he __________ in New York for five years. A. has worked B. has been working C. works D. will have worked （到明年），他就（將）在紐約（住滿了）五年了。 以介詞by引導的時間，往往用完成時。by 2008, by the end of next year,
25、 by then, by the end of 1992等等。,寫 作 技 巧,大學英語(B)的寫作要求:時間：30分鐘字數(shù)：不少于80詞的文體：應用文及一般的敘述文、說明文和議論文要求：1. 語法、詞匯、拼寫、標點正確。2. 內(nèi)容切題，結構嚴謹，條理清楚；3. 寫作目的有針對性目前重點介紹應用文：寫信、寫電子郵件。 信件與電子郵件的格式：信件與電子郵件的格式基本上可以統(tǒng)一，不必分得很細。那種嚴格意義上的英文信件格式，和所謂的信封如何書寫隨著時代已經(jīng)淡漠了。但是，基本的格式：稱呼、內(nèi)容、結束、祝愿、留名是必不可少的。,寫 作 技 巧,Dear Mr. John Brown, I have re
26、ceived your letter of May 15, asking me to find a good Chinese- English dictionary for you. As a matter of fact, I have bought a very good dictionary for you already. It was compiled by a famous Chinese scholar. Ill send it to you through the post office soon. How is everything with you? Still worki
27、ng with your Ph D program in Harvard? How is everything going there in the United States, especially after 911?Recently, Ive finished my college studies. But I have to pass a national standardizes English test before I can get my diploma. So, Im busy preparing for the test. I hope everything will b
28、e OK for me. Best regards to you and your family. Yours sincerely, Liu Mei,寫 作 技 巧,信中每段第一行的第一個字不再向后縮進幾格。這種叫做齊頭式。按照傳統(tǒng)的每段第一個字要向后縮近，也是目前流行的。兩種都是通用的。 寫信、寫電子郵件的語言：語言用非正式語言，比較口語化。 信件的基本內(nèi)容如下：稱呼、問候、詳情、結束、祝愿、落款,寫 作 技 巧,1.稱呼Dear Mr. Liu,男士Dear Mrs. Li,夫人Dear Ms. Li, 女士（不
29、表明婚姻狀況）Dear Miss Li,女士 （未婚）Dear Xiao Li,小李Dear Sir,Dear Madam,,寫 作 技 巧,2. 問候 Hi. How are you getting along? How is everything with you?Havent heard from you for a long time.I have received your letter.,寫 作 技 巧,3. 問訊對方情況Are you still studying in college? Are you working with IBM company? How is your
30、 family?Are you married? Have you finished your studies in college?,寫 作 技 巧,4. 講述自己情況 Im now working with a textile company. Im now studying English in college. I am a student of the distance education college. I have moved to my new apartment. I got married recently. Im pretty busy with my studies
31、. Everything is Ok with me. Everything is so so.,寫 作 技 巧,5. 請求別人為你做什么Could you for me?Would you mind (doing) for me?Is it convenient for you to . For me? I really need Could you do it for me? I hope you dont mind if I ask you to ,寫 作 技 巧,6. 邀請對方I do hope you can come to my new home.Id like to invit
32、e you to Drop in when you are free.Drop me a line when you are free.May I invite you to come to my birthday party?,寫 作 技 巧,7. 有關學習的詞English reading materialsgrammar booklistening materials （聽力材料）tapes reading materialsgraduategraduationpass examinationBand 3 / 4 national English exam （三 / 四級英語統(tǒng)考）M
33、y English is still poor. （英語挺差的）I have difficulties in listening.I am making progress.,寫 作 技 巧,8. 有關旅游的詞Ill travel during the holidays.I have booked an air ticket.Could you arrange accommodation for me?Could you buy a train ticket for me? Are there any places of interest （旅游點）in your city?Is the fo
34、od there spicy（辣）?,寫 作 技 巧,9. 感謝 Thats very kind of you to invite me. Thank you for everything youve done for me. 10. 祝愿 Best wishes! My best regards! Looking forward to seeing soon! Waiting for you earliest reply.,寫 作 技 巧,11. 結束 Love, (關系密切)Yours,Sincerely, Yours sincerely, （比較正式） 12. 落款 Your name,寫 作 技 巧,寫作步驟1. 審題：明確要寫什么2. 構思：1）給誰寫，如何稱呼2）第一句說什么3）事情如何表達4）結尾用什么詞3. 打草稿4. 確定格式，落筆 5. 檢查拼寫6. 檢查大小寫7. 檢查語法；時態(tài)、人稱8. 檢查標點：句號、逗號、特別是問號9. 落款,祝 你 成 功 ！,Best wishes to you !,
《大學英語(B)》網(wǎng)考答題技巧.ppt
