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1、專題二閱讀七選五,-2-,注:本表中的“長度”是指命題人所選短文材料所含的詞數(shù),不包括所配的多余的兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的詞數(shù)。,-3-,一、體裁:通常為說明文。 二、內(nèi)容:內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生,教人如何學(xué)習(xí)、做事、生活等。 三、長度:一段300350詞的短文留出5個(gè)空白。 四、短文特征 1.常含有tips,steps,ways,methods等詞。 2.文章多半有大標(biāo)題、小標(biāo)題、主題句,或有表示列舉或順序的詞(如first,second,next,then,finally等),結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,層次分明,條理清楚。 五、設(shè)空特點(diǎn):空格設(shè)置可能在首段末、文中段首、段中或段末。在首段末時(shí),主要是要求考生選下文的主題句;文
2、中段首主要考查段落小標(biāo)題或段落的主題句:標(biāo)題一般為名詞短語或祈使句。文中段中段落主題句之后,很可能是說明原因、舉例證明、分述細(xì)化主題、解釋前句中的某個(gè)概念等。位于文中段中,可能只起銜接作用。位于段末或文末,可能是結(jié)論句。,-4-,六、選項(xiàng)排列:通常是由最短到最長依次排列,但也有可能由最長到最短依次排列。,-5-,一、四步巧應(yīng)對(duì),確保得高分,-6-,二、三法破迷局,避免連環(huán)錯(cuò) 解題時(shí)要從詞、句、篇三個(gè)方面去尋找解題線索,即從文章中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞、選項(xiàng)中的句式結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和文章的整體篇章結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)方面來綜合考慮,找到命題規(guī)律。 1.根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)輕松選 在解題過程中,除了每做一道有把握的題后就在7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中將其畫
3、掉縮小范圍外,通過觀察語言結(jié)構(gòu)也可將選擇范圍大大縮小,一般可將7個(gè)選項(xiàng)縮小到24個(gè)選項(xiàng),這樣就大大提高了解題的效率。 (1)段落首句或標(biāo)題結(jié)構(gòu) 如果考查段落首句或段落標(biāo)題,先看看其他同位置句子或標(biāo)題的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,因?yàn)樗鼈兓旧鲜峭徽Z言形式。如果都是名詞短語,該題答案也是名詞短語;如果都是祈使句,該題答案也是祈使句。,-7-,(201610浙江) ... Do well in school... Do good in your munity (社區(qū))... Remember,respect them and value their opinions,even if they annoy you
4、sometimes... A.Live life to the fullest. C.Be nice to your parents and teachers. D.Find chances to do volunteer work that interests you. G.Keep in mind that they do the things they do because they care about you.,-8-,解析 C本題要求選段落首句。觀察其他段落首句,都是祈使句,因此,本空答案也應(yīng)是祈使句;七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A、C、D、G四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是祈使句,這樣就可大大縮小選擇范圍;瀏覽四個(gè)
5、選項(xiàng),再看空后文字:尊重他們,珍惜他們的建議,即使有時(shí)候他們使你很煩。故上句意思是:要對(duì)你的老師和父母好。故選C項(xiàng)。,-9-,(2)句子結(jié)構(gòu) 如果正確選項(xiàng)只是某個(gè)句子的一個(gè)部分,就要看看空后這個(gè)部分是不是句子,如果是句子,看看是否有連詞,如果沒有連詞,要選的正確選項(xiàng)就應(yīng)是短語或是帶有連詞的從句。 【典例】 Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs.,buy the best-fitting,best-built runni
6、ng shoes you can find. A.After six days B.For a good marathon runner C.Before you begin your training,-10-,解析 從句式結(jié)構(gòu)上看,逗號(hào)后是祈使句,沒有連詞,正確答案要么是帶有連詞的從句,要么是一個(gè)短語,只有A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合,這樣就縮小了選擇范圍;根據(jù)空前句中的preparation (準(zhǔn)備)和常識(shí)可知是“訓(xùn)練前”,故選C項(xiàng)。,-11-,2.利用詞匯定答案 (1)復(fù)現(xiàn)詞 詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)是語篇銜接的一個(gè)重要手段,而七選五正是考查語篇銜接,因此,利用詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)解七選五,有事半功倍之效。七選五材料中
7、的復(fù)現(xiàn)包括:原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義復(fù)現(xiàn)、同根復(fù)現(xiàn)(如read,reading,reader,readers等)。還有上義詞與下義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)(adult是teacher,parent的上義詞,而teacher,parent是adult的下義詞)。,-12-,【典例1】 (20186浙江) Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房產(chǎn)) neat,clean,and in good repair.32 By choosing to keep the
8、 outside of the home in great shape,you will help to improve the look and feel of the area. E.Should you e across waste paper thrown out of a passing car,pick it up. F.People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. G.Here are a few tips to help you win over every
9、one in the neighborhood quickly.,-13-,解析 F本選項(xiàng)是句中銜接句。由上一句“...keep our property neat,clean,and in good repair”和下一句“...in great shape...”等信息可知,只有把自己的屋前屋后整理干凈,保持整潔,才能贏得鄰居們的尊重, F項(xiàng)中的fresh和inviting等與clean,in good repair等詞匯語義上較一致。,-14-,【典例2】 You might represent each letter with a number,for example. Lets nu
10、mber the letters of the alphabet... E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 解析 空后句中有the alphabet(字母表),只有G項(xiàng)中有此詞,故選G項(xiàng)。另外,選項(xiàng)G中的stand for與空后句中的represent是同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。,-15-,(2)
11、代詞指代 代詞用于指代前面提及的事情。做題時(shí),可通過代詞在句中所作的成分和代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)推斷出它所指代的成分,巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系準(zhǔn)確而快速地從選項(xiàng)中找到答案。 【典例1】 When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example,if your topic is about en
12、vironmental problems in America,you might ask,“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need. G.With a question like this,you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.,-16-,解析 G考查上下文的語境理解。本選項(xiàng)是結(jié)尾句。由其前面的問句“Why d
13、o you think...”等可知,提問時(shí)不要使用可以用“Yes”或“No”來簡(jiǎn)單回答的問題,而應(yīng)該采用些能讓被采訪者多說話的問題,由此選用G項(xiàng)。G項(xiàng)中的“a question like this”,就是指的上一句所問的這個(gè)問題。所有的空格中,只有本空前的句子是一個(gè)問句,由此可以輕松鎖定答案。,-17-,【典例2】 We face problems in our everyday life.Dont worry.As long as you are breathing,you can solve problems. ... D.Knowing the problem means solvin
14、g half the problem itself. E.They can be social problems,relationship problems,or problems at work. F.Spend 10% of the time analyzing the problem and 90% on the solution,not the opposite. 解析 E空前談到生活中我們會(huì)遇到很多問題?？芍狤項(xiàng)“可能是一些社會(huì)問題,(人際)關(guān)系問題,或者工作問題?！狈险Z境。選項(xiàng)E中的“They”指的就是上文所說的“problems”。,-18-,(3)疑問詞 如果選項(xiàng)中或設(shè)空處前
15、出現(xiàn)疑問詞,一定要認(rèn)真研讀,有的較為籠統(tǒng),比如,前面是疑問句,選項(xiàng)則會(huì)出現(xiàn)“answer”或“reply”等詞。有的則較為具體,針對(duì)不同疑問詞給出不同的回答方式。比如對(duì)why的回答,一般要有because等表示原因的詞;對(duì)when的回答,一般要有表示時(shí)間的詞;對(duì)where的回答,一般要有表示地點(diǎn)的詞;對(duì)how的回答,一般要有表示方式或程度的詞等。,-19-,3.瞻前顧后析邏輯 該法主要針對(duì)過渡句,包括段落內(nèi)部的過渡句以及段落之間的過渡句。 解題時(shí),要“瞻前顧后”找啟示,即根據(jù)空格句與上下句之間的邏輯關(guān)系(這些關(guān)系往往會(huì)通過一些連接和過渡詞匯來體現(xiàn))來解題,如解釋關(guān)系(對(duì)前句或?qū)χ黝}的進(jìn)一步解釋
16、)、并列關(guān)系(and,or,on the one hand...on the other hand等)、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(though,instead,otherwise, nevertheless,however等)、因果關(guān)系(because,so,since,now that等)、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系(besides,moreover等)等,看所選的答案是否能將兩部分內(nèi)容連貫起來。,-20-,【典例】(201711浙江) How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which
17、 a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. But with these tips,your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy. ... A.Limit your time. B.As you approach people,be polite. C.If you dont own a camera,you can buy one. D.For new reporters,this can seem l
18、ike a challenging task.,-21-,解析 D由下句中的But可知,選項(xiàng)和下句(your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,也就是說選項(xiàng)中表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)該和下句中的“easy”相反,選項(xiàng)D中“challenging(棘手的,困難的)”正好符合語境。由此可知答案。,-22-,【真題1】(20186浙江) Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course,you want to
19、make sure that you bee an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to acplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.31 Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房產(chǎn)) neat,clean,and in good r
20、epair.32 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape,you will help to improve the look and feel of the area. Second,take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk,take along a small garbage bag.33 This small act will let your neighbors know that you ca
21、re about the area.,-23-,34 If a neighbor is going to be out of town,offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness,offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable,while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor. 35 By
22、 following the basic rules of respecting others,taking care of what belongs to you,and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general,you will quickly bee a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.,-24-,A.In general,keep an eye on their property while they are gone. B.A good neighbor
23、is also one who likes to help out in small ways. C.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior. D.Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping. E.Should you e across waste paper thrown out of a passing car,pick it up. F.People tend to take pride in keepi
24、ng everything in their street fresh and inviting. G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.,-25-,【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。喬遷新居是一件令人興奮的事情,如何在新地區(qū)與鄰居們友好相處呢?本文介紹了幾種讓你成為好鄰居的方法。,-26-,答案及解析 31.G根據(jù)空處的上句“The easiest way to acplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a g
25、ood neighbor should.”可知,要做到這一點(diǎn),最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是確保你自己是一個(gè)好鄰居。結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知,G項(xiàng)承上啟下,故選G項(xiàng)。 32.F根據(jù)上文的“keep your property (房產(chǎn)) neat,clean,and in good repair”及下文的“you will help to improve the look and feel of the area”,可知此處表示“人們往往以保持街道清新誘人為傲”,故選F項(xiàng)。 33.E根據(jù)上文的“take along a small garbage bag”可知,外出散步最好攜帶一個(gè)小的垃圾袋子,承接前文,此處表示“如
26、果你碰到從一輛飛馳的汽車上扔出來的廢紙,就把它撿起來”,故選E項(xiàng)。,-27-,34.B根據(jù)后文列舉的幫助鄰居的情況可知,此處表示“一個(gè)好鄰居也是一個(gè)喜歡在小事情上幫助別人的人”,故選B項(xiàng)。 35.C根據(jù)后文的“respecting others,taking care of what belongs to you...that everyone appreciates”可知,做一個(gè)人人喜歡的好鄰居,你要考慮很多,故C項(xiàng)符合語境。,-28-,【真題2】(201711浙江) How to Remember What You Read Reading is important.But the nex
27、t step is making sure that you remember what youve read!31 You may have just read the text,but the ideas,concepts and images(形象)may fly right out of your head.Here are a few tricks for remembering what you read. 32 If the plot,characters,or word usage is confusing for you,you likely wont be able to
28、remember what you read.Its a bit like reading a foreign language.If you dont understand what youre reading,how would you remember it?But there are a few things you can do...Use a dictionary;look up the difficult words.,-29-,Are you connected? Does a character remind you of a friend?Does the setting
29、make you want to visit the place?Does the book inspire you,and make you want to read more?With some books,you may feel a connection right away.33How willing are you to make the connections happen? Read it;hear it;be it! Read the lines.Then,speak them out loud.And,put some character into the words.Wh
30、en he was writing his novels,Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters.Hed make faces in the mirror,and change his voice for each character.34,-30-,How often do you read? If you read frequently,youll likely have an easier time with remembering what youre reading (and what youve read)
31、.35As you make reading a regular part of your life,youll make more connections,stay more focused and understand the text better.Youll learn to enjoy literatureas you remember what you read! A.Are you confused? B.Practice makes perfect. C.Whats your motivation? D.Memory is sometimes a tricky thing. E
32、.Marking helps you remember what you read. F.But other books require a bit more work on your part. G.You can do the same thing when you are reading the text!,-31-,【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。作者給出幾種方法幫助記憶閱讀過的內(nèi)容,包括掃清生詞障礙,將所讀到的內(nèi)容與已有知識(shí)建立聯(lián)系,把自己置身于情節(jié)之中和經(jīng)常性閱讀。,-32-,答案及解析 31.D下文告訴我們“你可能剛剛讀過某篇文章,但卻對(duì)文章所傳達(dá)的思想、概念以及形象等一片茫然”
33、。接下來作者給出了幾條能記住所讀內(nèi)容的方法。D項(xiàng)說明了閱讀有時(shí)很讓人棘手,與空白后所表述含義一致,故選D項(xiàng)。 32.A這一段告訴我們:能記住所讀內(nèi)容的前提是讀懂,這就需要首先通過查字典等辦法掃清生詞障礙,文中的“confusing”及“dont understand”是選項(xiàng)A中的“confused”的復(fù)現(xiàn)。 33.F該空白后的內(nèi)容為將正在閱讀的內(nèi)容與已有知識(shí)之間建立聯(lián)系。有些書的內(nèi)容會(huì)讓你立即產(chǎn)生這種聯(lián)想,因此推斷該空白處的內(nèi)容也是與建立聯(lián)系有關(guān),F選項(xiàng)含義為“其他書則更多地需要你自己努力了”,與上下文順暢銜接,另外other books也與空白前的some books相對(duì)應(yīng)。,-33-,34
34、.G這里給出的方法是要求讀者能全身心投入到所讀內(nèi)容中去,列舉了狄更斯的例子旨在說明這種方法的可行性,因此讀者也可以使用這種方法記住所讀內(nèi)容,G項(xiàng)符合文意。 35.B上文提到了將閱讀作為一種日?；顒?dòng),空白處則說明了這樣做的好處。由此可推知,該空白處內(nèi)容與經(jīng)常閱讀相關(guān),選項(xiàng)B符合語境。,-34-,【真題3】(20176浙江) How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameram
35、an to interview people on the spot.31 But with these tips,your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy. When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For
36、 example,if your topic is about environmental problems in America,you might ask,“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?”32 Hit the streets with confidence.33 Say,“Excuse me,I work for XYZ News,and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is
37、a quick way to get people to warm up.,-35-,Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.Dont get discouraged. 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you get the answer you need,move on to the next pers
38、on.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview,you are getting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer,you wont be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.35 If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms
39、to appear on the air,dont leave work without them.,-36-,A.Limit your time. B.As you approach people,be polite. C.If you dont own a camera,you can buy one. D.For new reporters,this can seem like a challenging task. E.To get good and useful results,ask them the same question. F.That number of intervie
40、ws should give you all the answers you need. G.With a question like this,you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.,【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了如何成功地做好街邊的隨機(jī)采訪。,-37-,答案及解析 31.D考查語境理解及主題句。該句用來引入本文的話題。根據(jù)下文“But with these tips...”可知,街頭的隨機(jī)采訪對(duì)于初入職場(chǎng)的新聞工作者來說是富有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作,但有了以下指點(diǎn),你就能得心應(yīng)手了,所以選用D選項(xiàng)。 32.G考查上下文的語境理解。本選
41、項(xiàng)是結(jié)尾句。由前句“Why do you think...”等可知,提問的時(shí)候不要使用可以用“Yes”或“No”來簡(jiǎn)單回答的問題,而應(yīng)該采用些能讓被采訪者多說話的問題,由此選用G選項(xiàng)。 33.B考查上下文的語境理解。本選項(xiàng)是連接句。由該句前面的“confidence”和下文的“...Excuse me...”可知,提問者要自信,同時(shí)也要有禮貌,所以選用B選項(xiàng)。,-38-,34.A考查段落主題句。由其后的“...shouldnt be longer than ten minutes...move on to the next person.”可知,采訪的時(shí)間要控制,不可過長,所以選用A選項(xiàng)。 3
42、5.F考查上下文的語境理解。本選項(xiàng)是結(jié)尾句。根據(jù)前一句的“ A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.”可知,采訪的次數(shù)要適當(dāng),610次為宜,這個(gè)數(shù)量的采訪就可以使你獲得你需要的所有答案,所以選用F選項(xiàng)。,-39-,【真題4】(201610浙江) How to Have a Successful Teenage Life Everyone wants to succeed in their life,dont they?Even as a teenager,you can achieve success in your
43、 life; it really isnt that hard.31 Do well in school.No matter how boring it is now,education will help you be a productive member in society.Try your best for excellence in school; listen to the teachers,do your homework,study,and get good grades.Doing so will help you get into a better university,
44、which will enable you to have a bright future.32,-40-,Do good in your munity(社區(qū)).Volunteering can not only improve your munitys status,it could make you happier.Studies show that people who volunteer are less likely to develop depression(抑郁) than people who dont.33For example,if you love animals,vol
45、unteer at an animal shelter.If you love helping the environment,plant trees or pick up litter.When you help others,it will make you feel better about yourself. 34 Remember,theyre there to help you be the best that you can be.Respect them and value their opinions,even if they annoy you sometimes.35 Y
46、ou dont get to choose your teachers or your family,but you still have to put up with them.Learn how to deal with people now,because when youre an adult,you dont get to choose your boss or your co-workers,so learn how to respect them now.,-41-,A.Live life to the fullest. B.School sets you up on the r
47、ight track! C.Be nice to your parents and teachers. D.Find chances to do volunteer work that interests you. E.It will help you pass time and develop your personality. F.Here are some important points that you may find helpful. G.Keep in mind that they do the things they do because they care about yo
48、u.,【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文,主要提出了幾點(diǎn)成功的學(xué)生生活的建議。,-42-,答案及解析 31.F該空出現(xiàn)在首段的最后一句,很明顯是主旨概括句,根據(jù)下文三段內(nèi)容。它起著承上啟下的作用。 32.B該空出現(xiàn)在第二段段尾,考查邏輯思維能力。根據(jù)“Do well in school.”以及空格前的“have a bright future”可知,此處與學(xué)校有關(guān),“on the right track”與“a bright future”相吻合。 33.D該空主要考查上下文邏輯思維能力。段落主要講述在社區(qū)做好事。根據(jù)前面“Volunteering”和空前一句可知,應(yīng)該是進(jìn)行志愿者服務(wù)。故選D項(xiàng)。 34.C該空在段首。主要考查主旨概括能力。根據(jù)前兩段段首都是祈使句且為段落主旨句可知,此處應(yīng)用祈使句。再根據(jù)空后“Respect...value”等關(guān)鍵詞可知C項(xiàng)正確。 35.G該空主要考查上下文邏輯思維能力。根據(jù)空后“You dont get to choose your teachers or your family.”可知,與G項(xiàng)吻合。,
（浙江選考）2019版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀七選五課件.ppt
