2014屆高三英語大一輪復習講義 教師用書 Book 5 Unit 1 Great scientists 新人教版

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1、 2014屆高三英語人教版大一輪復習講義教師用書 Book 5 Unit 1 Great scientists Ⅰ.聯(lián)想記憶(根據(jù)提示寫出相應的詞匯以及相關(guān)短語) 1．conclude vt.& vi.推斷出；結(jié)束→draw/come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion得出結(jié)論 2．a(chǎn)ttend v．出席，參加；照顧→attend to處理；照顧；專心于 3．expose vt.暴露→expose...to暴露；使顯露 4．cure vt. & n．治愈→cure sb.of sth.治愈某人…… 5．a(chǎn)bsorb v．吸收；使專心→be abso

2、rbed_in 專心于…… 6．blame vt. & n．責備→be to_blame應受責備 7．link...to...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來→connect...with...把……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來→be linked_to...和……有關(guān) 8．a(chǎn)nnounce vt.宣布；通告→make an_announcement 宣布 9．contribute vt. & vi.捐獻；貢獻→contribute to為……做貢獻；有助于→make contributions_to 為……做貢獻 10．(be) strict_with...對……嚴格的→be hard_on 對

3、……苛刻 11．make_sense講得通；有意義→make sense of 弄懂 12．reject vt.拒絕；拋棄→refuse v．拒絕→deny v．婉言謝絕 13．construction n．建設→under_construction正在建設中 Ⅱ.構(gòu)詞記憶(根據(jù)提示寫出相應的詞匯及其派生詞) 1．scientific adj.科學的→science n．科學→scientist n．科學家 2．challenge n．& vt.挑戰(zhàn)→challenging adj.困難的；挑戰(zhàn)性的 3．construct vt.建設；修建→construction n．建設

4、4．enthusiastic adj.熱情的→enthusiasm n．熱情 5．cautious adj.謹慎的→caution n．謹慎 6．universe n．宇宙→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的 Ⅲ.語境填詞(根據(jù)提示用適當?shù)膯卧~或短語填空) 1．At the meeting, he put_forward(提出) a proposal that children be exposed_to(暴露) challenges(挑戰(zhàn)) but his proposal was rejected(反對) by the family. 2．The outbreak(爆發(fā))

5、 of the deadly(致命的) disease urged a cure(療法) be found，which was a challenge(挑戰(zhàn)) but the experts(專家) and physicians(醫(yī)生) were determined to defeat(打敗) it. 3．After some research, the police drew_a_conclusion(得出結(jié)論) that the factory was to_blame(應負責) for the pollution(污染)． 4．It makes_good_sense(合情合理的)

6、for parents to be strict_with(對……嚴格要求) their kids but severe(嚴重的) punishment is not suggested. 5．It has been announced(宣布) that apart_from(除……之外) Tom, two others are also suspected(懷疑) of the theft. Ⅳ.語境記憶(背誦語段，記憶單元詞匯) From the scientific analysis，the experts who attend the meeting conclude that

7、it is really a challenge to cure these infected patients.They announce they will be positive and enthusiastic about making contributions to it. Ⅴ.課文原句背誦 1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人們既不明白它的起因，也不知道它的治療方式。 2．So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an ou

8、tbreak. 每一次(霍亂)爆發(fā)，都有很多人在恐懼中死去。 3．It seemed that the water was_to_blame. 看來水是罪魁禍首。 Ⅰ.單項填空 1．Only after Mary read her composition the second time________the spelling mistake. (2012·天津，6) A．did she notice B．she noticed C．does she notice D．she has noticed 答案　A 解析　句意為：只有到瑪麗再次讀

9、她的作文之后她才注意到這個拼寫錯誤?！皁nly＋狀語從句”位于句首時，主句須用倒裝語序。after引導的是時間狀語從句，接在only之后，位于句首，所以主句要用倒裝，可排除B、D兩項。而且根據(jù)語境知read和notice都是過去發(fā)生的動作，所以答案為A項。 (教材原句：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.) 2．After completing and signing it，please return the form to us in the

10、envelope ________. (2012·山東，35) A．providing B．provided C．having provided D．provide 答案　B 解析　句意為：填完并簽字后，把表格裝在提供的信封里給我們帶回來。envelope與provide之間存在被動關(guān)系，選項中只有B項為過去分詞表被動，故為正確答案。 (考查單元語法) 3．________ good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. (2011·福建

11、，22) A．Far from B．Apart from C．Instead of D．Regardless of 答案　B 解析　句意為：除了良好的服務以外，這家餐館還提供不同種類的傳統(tǒng)福建美食。far from離……遠，遠非；apart from除……之外(還)；instead of代替，而不是；regardless of不管。由句意可知B項正確。 (教材原句：Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.)

12、4．Planning so far ahead ________ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year. (2011·新課標全國，23) A．made B．is making C．makes D．has made 答案　C 解析　句意為：這么早就作計劃是沒有意義的——到了明年，有許多情況會發(fā)生變化。此處說明現(xiàn)在的事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。部分考生由于受so far的影響會誤選D，其實這兒的so far不是表示“到目前為止”的那個短語so far，此處so是用來修飾短語far ahead

13、的，far ahead很早，so far ahead如此早。B項is making為現(xiàn)在進行時，不合題意，可排除；根據(jù)時態(tài)一致原則，A項made也可排除。 (教材原句：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.) 5．The island，________ to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.(2011·大綱全國Ⅱ，15) A．joining B．to join C．joined

14、 D．having joined 答案　C 解析　句意為：這個島嶼由一座橋和大陸相連，很容易到達。join與the island之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故此處用過去分詞。 (考查單元語法) Ⅱ.完形、閱讀——英譯漢 1．I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.(2012·湖北·完形) 我往往接受電視上的專家所提出的想法。 2．As I grew older and was exposed to more, my interests in the world of dance certainly

15、varied but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a dancer in the company never left me. (2012·北京·完形) 隨著年齡的增長和與外界接觸的越來越多，我對舞蹈的興趣當然有所變化，但是那個小女孩要當舞蹈家的夢想從沒離開過我。 3．Some of these adults simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented.

16、 (2011·廣東·完形) 有些大人就得出結(jié)論說應為那些有天賦的人設立特殊班。 4．Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested. (2011·福建·閱讀A) 那些導致交通事故或者違反現(xiàn)行的交通法或被懷疑酒后駕駛的司機都要經(jīng)過酒精測試。 Ⅲ.書面表達——漢譯英 1．他

17、突然想到第二天早晨他有個會議要參加。(attend) (2011·湖北·完成句子) It (suddenly) occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning. 2．實話實說，這件事怪蘇，但是李也應受指責。(be to blame) (2011·湖北·短文寫作) To be honest, it was Su’s fault but Li was also to blame. 歷年高考熱點：apart from，make sense，p

18、ut forward， expert，expose，conclude，suspect，attend，blame等的用法。 2014考點預測：attend，defeat，contribute，absorb，blame， conclude，apart from，make sense，put forward等的用法。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1 雙語釋義 v．出席，參加(be present)；處理，對付(deal with)；照料，護理(take care of) 學情診斷 (1)用attend，join，join in，take part in的適當形式填

19、空 ①He joined the army three years ago. ②All children between the ages of 5 and 16 must attend school. ③A lot of students took_part_in the protest in 1949. ④Would you like to join_in_ the basketball game? ⑤A nurse attended to his needs constantly. (2)I always have so many things to________when

20、 I come back to the company after a trip abroad. A．a(chǎn)dd to B．contribute to C．a(chǎn)ttend to D．a(chǎn)ppeal to 答案　C 解析　句意為：每當我出國回到公司時，我總有很多事情要處理。attend to處理，符合句意。add to增加；contribute to起作用，導致；appeal to懇求，請求；吸引，均不合題意。 歸納拓展 attend a lecture/a meeting/a conference/school/class 聽講座/出席會議/上學/上課

21、attend to處理；照顧 attend on/upon sb.伺候/照顧某人 attendance n.出席，參加；上學；到場 attendant n.服務員，侍者，侍從，隨從；護理者 易混辨析　attend，join，take part in，join in 這些動詞或詞組均含“參加，加入”之意。 attend側(cè)重參加或出席會議或?qū)W術(shù)活動等。 join普通用詞，指加入黨派、團體或游戲活動等。 take part in側(cè)重參加某項群眾性、集體性的事業(yè)、工作或活動，突出參加者在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。 join in 后接活動，強調(diào)與他人一起參與某一活動。 2 雙語釋義 v

22、．擊?。粦?zhàn)勝(beat)；使困惑；難住(puzzle)；使失敗；阻撓；挫敗(stop...from success)；n.失敗；戰(zhàn)敗(failure)；挫??；擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝(winning) 學情診斷 (1)用defeat的適當形式填空 ①The army was well trained and well armed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy. ②The world-famous tennis player was_defeated in an important match yesterday，which disappo

23、inted most of his fans. ③The government has suffered a serious defeat. (2)He succeeded in his efforts to________his fatal weakness. A．win B．beat C．defeat D．overcome 答案　D 解析　句意為：經(jīng)過努力，他成功地克服了自己的致命弱點。overcome戰(zhàn)勝，壓倒，克服，符合句意。 歸納拓展 serious defeat嚴重受挫 admit defeat承認失敗 defeat s

24、b.by...以……擊敗對手 易混辨析　defeat，beat，win defeat 接sb.作賓語，既可指比賽，也可指在戰(zhàn)場上戰(zhàn)勝對手，還可指(希望、計劃等)受挫或失敗。 beat接sb.作賓語，側(cè)重于在比賽中擊敗對手，還有連續(xù)敲打、(心臟)跳動之意。 win 的賓語通常是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品或表尊重、崇拜之類的詞。 活學活用 用defeat，beat，win的適當形式填空 (1)I can beat/defeat you at swimming. (2)Listen! The rain is beating against the window. (3)To our surp

25、rise，he was badly defeated in the election. (4)Who do you think will win the beauty contest? 3 雙語釋義 v．捐獻；捐助(give money or goods to...)；是……的原因之一(be one of the causes of sth.)；投稿(write for) 學情診斷 (1)同義詞語替換 Various factors contributed_to his downfall(倒臺)．led_to/resulted_in (2)Eating too much fat

26、 can ________ heart diseases and cause high blood pressure. A．result from B．contribute to C．a(chǎn)ttend to D．a(chǎn)ppeal to 答案　B 解析　句意為：吃太多脂肪會導致心臟病和引起高血壓。contribute to對……起促成作用，導致，符合句意。 歸納拓展 contribute...to...把……貢獻給…… contribute to有助于；導致；把時間投入…… contribution n.貢獻；捐款 make a contribut

27、ion/contributions to對……作出貢獻 圖解助記 寫作句組　滿分作文之佳句背誦 a．Now I am writing to contribute my topic to you. (2009·重慶) b．Chinese use the most plastic bags, which makes a great contribution to the “white pollution”． c．As for forest resources protection, I can also make my own c

28、ontributions. d．I prefer to regard Lei Feng as my idol on account that he contributed so much to the whole country. 4 雙語釋義 v．吸收(液體、氣體等)(take in)；使并入，吞并；吸引(attract)；使專心(interest sb.) 學情診斷 (1)寫出下列句子中absorb的漢語意思 ①Absorbed in his work, he simply forgot food and sleep.專心于 ②The surrounding villages

29、 have been absorbed by the growing city.吞并 ③Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.吸收 (2)So________was he in his work that he didn’t notice that it was raining hard. A．taken B．devoted C．a(chǎn)bsorbed D．interesting 答案　C 解析　句意為：他是如此專心于工作，以致于沒注意到下大雨。此處用了倒裝。be absorbed in專心于，符合

30、句意。be taken in 受騙，被接納；be devoted to致力于；be interested in對……感興趣。 歸納拓展 absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意力 absorbed adj.專心致志的；全神貫注的 be absorbed in 專心于……；全神貫注于；熱衷于…… be absorbed by/into被……吞并；為……所吸收 思考　你知道的表示“全神貫注；專心于”的短語還有哪些？ be buried in, be lost in, fix one’s attention on，concentrate one’s m

31、ind on等。 5 雙語釋義 v．把……歸咎于，責怪，指責(say or think sb. is responsible for)；n.責任(responsibility)，責備，指責 學情診斷 (1)一句多譯 他因為這起事故受到他們的責備。 ①They_blamed_him_for_the_accident. ②They_blamed_the_accident_on_him. ③He_was_to_blame_for_the_accident. (2)I feel it is your husband who________for the spoiled child.

32、 A．is to blame B．is going to blame C．is to be blamed D．should blame 答案　A 解析　句意為：我認為應該是你的丈夫為這個寵壞的孩子負責。be to blame for...應該為……負責。 歸納拓展 blame sb.for (doing)sth.為(做)某事責備某人 blame sth.on sb.將某事歸咎于某人 be to blame (for sth.)應為……承擔責任；該為……受責備 get the blame受到責難 take the blame for 對……承擔責任

33、lay/put the blame for sth.on sb.把某事歸咎于某人 易錯提示 be to blame (for)短語中用主動形式表示被動含義，不用被動語態(tài)。 6 雙語釋義 v．斷定，推斷出(decide)；得出結(jié)論；(使)結(jié)束，終止(end) 學情診斷 (1)用conclude的適當形式填空 ①We can conclude that he is confident of his future. ②We drew different conclusions from the facts. ③In conclusion，I would like to say ho

34、w much I have enjoyed myself. (2)—Ann seems to be upset.What’s up? —She________from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores. A．includes B．concludes C．suggests D．contains 答案　B 解析　句意為：——Ann看起來有些不高興，出了什么事？——根據(jù)電話中的聲音斷定她母親對她的考試成績不滿意。conclude斷定，推斷，

35、符合句意。include包括；suggest建議，表明；contain包括。 歸納拓展 conclude sth.(from sth.)推斷出，斷定 conclude (from sth.) that... 推斷出，斷定…… conclude sth.with sth./by doing sth. 以(做)某事結(jié)束某事 conclusion n.結(jié)束；結(jié)論,in conclusion最后；總之 arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出結(jié)論 7 雙語釋義 除……之外(aside from，besides) 學情診斷 (1)同義詞語

36、替換 ①This essay is good apart_from a couple of spelling mistakes.except_for ②Apart_from going to French evening classes twice a week，she does yoga on Wednesdays.Besides/In_addition_to ③We’re open every day apart_from Monday.except (2)Everything was perfect for the picnic________the weather. A．in

37、 place of B．a(chǎn)s well as C．except for D．in case of 答案　C 解析　except for為肯定整體、除去瘕疵，后跟名詞。句意為：除了天氣之外，一切都適合野餐。 歸納拓展 表示“除……之外”的短語： apart from/aside from除……之外，根據(jù)上下文的不同， 可以分別相當于besides，except或except for。 besides＝in addition to除……之外(還，也)，常與also， more，other等連用。 except除……外(都)……，常與all，e

38、very，no，none， nothing等含有整體肯定或否定意義的詞連用。 except for除……以外，其后所跟的詞往往與前面的不 是同一類的，是指整體中除去的一個細節(jié)或某一方面。 8 雙語釋義 講得通；有意義(have a meaning) 學情診斷 (1)完成句子 ①Can you make_any_sense_of_this_article (理解這篇文章的意思)? ②In_a_sense (從某種意義上講) this may be true. (2)單項填空 ①Dogs have a very good________of smell and are oft

39、en used to search for survivors in an earthquake. A．sense B．view C．means D．idea 答案　A 解析　a sense of smell嗅覺。句意為：狗嗅覺靈敏，經(jīng)常被用來搜尋地震中的幸存者。 ②No matter how I tried to read it，the sentence didn’t ________to me. A．understand B．make out C．turn out D．make sense 答案　D 解析　句意為

40、：不管我怎么努力讀它，我就是不明白這個句子。make sense講得通。 歸納拓展 make sense of理解；弄懂 in a sense從某種意義上 in no sense決不 There is no/little sense in doing sth.做某事沒有意義 9 雙語釋義 提議，提出(suggest)；拿出；推薦(recommend)；將……提前 學情診斷 (1)寫出下列句子中put forward的漢語意思 ①The woman put forward a red silk as well as a blue one for our inspection.

41、把……拿出來給人看 ②The Trade Union Congress put forward a plan for national recovery.提出 ③I’ve put you forward as the best man for the job.推舉，推薦 ④The hi-tech has put forward our production this year.使加快，促進 ⑤My watch was slow，so I put it forward three minutes.撥快 ⑥We’ve put forward the date of our wedding

42、 by one month.把……提前 (2)These foreigners have ________ a proposal for a joint venture. A．put in B．put up C．put down D．put forward 答案　D 歸納拓展 put aside節(jié)??；儲蓄；儲存 put away放好；積蓄 put back放回；撥回 put down記下；鎮(zhèn)壓 put off延期；推遲 1. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar sys

43、tem with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。 學情診斷 (1)用with復合結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子 ①With_the_windows_open,_he fell asleep. 窗戶開著，他睡著了。 ②With_Jack_waiting_for_me at the school gate, I hurried downstairs. Jack 在校門口等我， 我匆忙下樓了。 ③Wit

44、h_his_homework_done，he went out to play football. 他的作業(yè)做完了，他出去踢足球了。 (2)With much work________， he was like a cat on hot bricks. A．done B．to do C．doing D．do 答案　B 解析　不定式表將來，句子主語he發(fā)出做工作這一動作，用to do表to be done。 歸納拓展 “with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語由名詞或代詞充當，賓語補 足語由形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、介詞短語等充

45、當。 2 學情診斷 根據(jù)句意補全句子 (1)The United States is a country which has developed. →The United States is a developed country. (2)He told us of the great wrong which had been done to him. →He told us of the great wrong done to him. (3)The children are excited (excite) about going to the zoo. (4)Every

46、body was shocked (shock) to hear the death of the famous film star. (5)There are four used (use) stamps. Ⅰ.根據(jù)英文釋義寫出下列單詞 1．victim：someone who suffers when something bad happens 2．defeat：to win a victory over someone 3．pump：a machine for raising water 4．blame：to say or think that someone or st

47、h.is responsible for sth.bad 5．link：a connection between two or more people or things Ⅱ.語境填詞 1．She has two nurses attending on her. 2．I want to challenge him to a game of basketball. 3．Jim was rejected by every college he applied to. 4．No one knows who is to_blame for the fire. 5．When I ent

48、ered，I found my father sitting in the sofa and absorbed in a magazine. Ⅲ.詞義猜測或句意理解題——用本單元詞匯或句式替換劃線部分 1．The police thought he might have stolen the car.suspected 2．He was so lost in the book that he didn’t see me come in.absorbed 3．Who should_be_responsible for this accident？is_to_blame 4．He was

49、 infected because he was in_the_area_of this disease.exposed_to 5．What he said at the meeting was_difficult_for_me_to_understand.made_no_sense_to_me Ⅳ.微寫作(21) 寫作素材 1．西蒙因為接觸了致命的病毒而患了重病。 2．專家和醫(yī)生通過各種嘗試給他治療。 3．醫(yī)生宣布病毒被打敗了。 4．但是在完全康復之前他還需要護理一段時間。 提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達。 連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語短文) Simon

50、was severely ill because of being exposed to a deadly virus.After all the attempts to cure him, the experts and doctors announced that the virus was defeated but he needed attending before he was fully recovered. Ⅴ.微語法(21)——with復合結(jié)構(gòu)及獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) (課外拓展——一個單元突破一個語法點) 1．On the bank of the river，we found h

51、im________on a bench，with his eyes________on a kite in the sky. A．seated；fixing B．sitting；fixing C．seated；being fixed D．sitting；fixed 答案　D 解析　考查非謂語動詞。第一空用seated或sitting作賓補；第二空處是with復合結(jié)構(gòu)，由fix one’s eyes on sth.可知應用過去分詞fixed。 2．With their reputation________in the milk powder incident

52、，the food companies need________their image. A．ruining；improving B．ruined；to improve C．to ruin；to be improved D．to be ruined；being improved 答案　B 解析　句意為：隨著聲譽在奶粉事件中被毀，那些食品公司需要改善他們的形象。reputation與ruin是被動關(guān)系，故第一空用過去分詞作補語；“需要做某事”用need to do sth.。正確答案為B。 3．With the couple ________ in a nearby town，th

53、e house seems pretty empty most of the time. A．work B．to work C．working D．worked 答案　C 解析　考查with復合結(jié)構(gòu)。work 和其邏輯主語the couple是主謂關(guān)系，表示現(xiàn)在的狀況，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動。句意為：這對夫妻在附近鎮(zhèn)上上班，(他們的)房子大部分時間都是空蕩蕩的。 4．The poor man stood there，with his hands________，________his eyes upon the dark cave. A．crosse

54、d；fixing B．crossing；fixing C．crossed；fixed D．crossing；fixed 答案　A 解析　cross為及物動詞，所以手與交叉是被動關(guān)系，要使用過去分詞；fix...on/upon...是固定短語，意為“把……集中到……上”，這里動詞-ing形式表伴隨動作。 5．With so many things ________，I have to work late into the night. A．to deal with B．dealt with C．dealing with D．bei

55、ng dealt with 答案　A 解析　考查非謂語動詞的用法。由空格后的部分可以看出，“so many things”很多事情還沒有處理，所以用不定式表示將來。句意為：有很多事情有待于處理，我得工作到深夜。 Step Two　微寫作——語段集訓 第13講　表示看法 1．Different people have/hold different attitudes/opinions. 不同的人持有不同的觀點。 2．People take/assume/adopt/have different opinions towards it. 對此，人們的觀點各有不同。 3．Peo

56、ple’s opinions quite differ：Some people have strong belief that..., while others argue that... 人們的觀點差異很大：有人堅信……，而有的人則認為…… 4．However，as the saying goes，each coin has its two sides.And the same is true for this topic. 然而，俗話說，事物是一分為二的。這個話題也是如此。 e．g. Different people have different opinions towards

57、 failure.Some people do believe that failure is the mother of success. Optimistic people hold the idea that every failure they have experienced is of great value and it will surely turn into a greater chance of success. However，others are easily let down and lose heart. 即時訓練 寫作素材 1．不同的人對輔導班(t

58、utorial classes) 有不同的看法。 2．有的認為小孩應該盡量多學習，這對他的未來有好處。 3．有的則認為孩子在業(yè)余時間應盡量放松，這樣會使他們更加精力充沛地投入到學習中。 連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語短文) People’s_opinions_quite_differ_about_tutorial_classes：Some_hold_the_opinion_that_children_should_learn_as_much_as_possible，which_is_of_great_benefit_to_their_future，while_others_argue_that_children_should_relax_much_in_their_spare_time，thus_making_themselves_more_refreshed_for_their_study. 16