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1、Key to ExercisesPreview第一大題1. This article was written in praise of the heroes and the heroism demonstrated during an air crash which took place in Washington D.C. in the year 1982.2. The terrible crash occurred in cold winter when a jet plane from Washington National Airport hit the bridge over the
2、 Potomac river. The plane dropped into the river and soon sank/ went under, bring many passengers down with it. Those who managed to get out of the plane found themselves in icy-cold water.3. Disasters are always terrible because they mean great damage and loss of life. As disasters go, this air cra
3、sh was nothing very special. But because of the four heroes, it brought millions to tears or attention. Three of them formed a police helicopter team, and they risked their lives again and again as they tried to pick up survivors. But the greatest hero was a man known as “the man in the water” becau
4、se his name was never found. He was seen clinging to the tail of the plane with five other passengers. But every time a lifeline or flotation ring was dropped to him, he passed it on to another of the passengers. Those passengers survived. But the man did not.4. The emotional impact of this display
5、of courage and noble character was tremendous, because it showed human nature at its best. This man in the water must have been an ordinary person. Before the air crash, he would never have guessed what a heroic deed he was going to perform that day, but when the great test came, he rose to the occa
6、sion.5. The author believes that this disaster filled people with a sense of pride rather than sadness, because in the contest between indifferent natural forces and the moral power of human beings, human beings have won. The man went down in the river, but he actually rose to immortality.第二大題1. The
7、 unusual element is the bridge, because normally, air crashes do not involve a bridge. Note: The word “element” means a factor or a basic part of something complicated.2. “A city of form and rules” means a city that is shapely or beautiful and orderly, but it suddenly turned into its opposite and be
8、came chaotic, turning into a state of complete disorder and confusion.The two metals here refers to the bridge and the plane, both of which are made of metal, or more specifically, iron and steel鋼鐵.3. From the point of view of artistic beauty, there was also a clash or conflict, because the plane wa
9、s painted into blue and green, the river and black, and the chunks of ice were grey. Mixture of different types of color would make the viewers uncomfortable, so they would regard this scene as “aesthetic clash”.4. Perhaps people did not regard this air clash as a failure at all. They all saw the tr
10、iumph of human nature over the elements.5. Here human nature and natural powers are in conflict/clash.“Groping and struggling” refers to the fact that normally it is human instinct本能；天性 to grope for something to hang on to (=to hold on; to survive) and to struggle for life.6. Rise to the occasion: t
11、o deal successfully with a problem or situation that is especially difficult.7. The sentence means “Three out of the four acknowledged heroes.are able to account for their behavior”.Account for: to give a satisfactory explanation.8. In the line of duty: while working; while on duty9. Skutnic added t
12、hat somebody had to go in the water saying what every hero would say under the circumstances, but although the remark has been repeated by many heroes, it is still admirable.10. It means the main reason for the emotional impact, or the person who caused the great emotional impact.11. Mass casualty:
13、a great number of people injured and killed in an accident or battle. The word “mass” here is an adjective, meaning affecting a lot of people. Cf: mass murder; mass killing; mass destruction; mass hysteria; mass protest; mass movement; mass unemployment; the mass media; the mass market; mass-produce
14、 v; mass-produced adj.; mass production. Derivation: massacre; massiveCommitment: a sense of duty and responsibility and a determination to work hard at it.12. As his name remained unknown, it made him a sort of symbol, a symbol of what human beings can do when they are at their best.13. “l(fā)istening
15、to.” is a participle phrase used as an adverbial of manner, modifying the predicate of the main clause “sitting”; “tell.” and “saying.” are both part of the complex object of “l(fā)istening to”; and “to fasten.” is part of the complex object of “tell”.14. In the essential, classic circumstance: in the m
16、ost significant/crucial/decisive and typical circumstance15. The age-old battle between human beings and nature16. Go at each other: to fight each other violentlyAct on principles: to act according to the distinction between good and evil; to act according to moral principles17. It means that when t
17、he man in the water gave a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, in the same way he seemed to be also saving the lives of those who watched him, making them understand lifes true meaning.18. Hold it to a standoff: make nature unable to win the battle immediately (迫使自然接受在和人的斗爭中的僵持局面，使它不能馬上得逞)V
18、ocabulary第一大題第一小題1. Incompetence2. Immoral3. Impossible4. Incomplete5. Impersonal6. Incredible7. Indirect8. Immovable9. Immortal10. Impolite11. Informal12. Improper13. Impartial14. Impatient15. Incorrect16. Incapable17. Insignificant18. Impractical19. Imperfect20. Insensitive21. Impermissible22. Imp
19、enetrable23. Indifferent24. Immovable25. Invisible26. Immodest27. Immature28. Invaluable29. Invariable30. immeasurable第二小題(1) -ee: noun. One who receives(2) -eer: noun. Doer; device for(3) -ess: noun. female第三小題1. 經(jīng)濟(jì)起飛2. 歡送會3. 夢想復(fù)辟4. 可恥的出賣5. 后續(xù)討論6. 產(chǎn)品用后就扔的現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)7. 使用過多的化妝品8. 嚴(yán)重的精神崩潰9. 給了個表示許可的信號10. 懷疑
20、這是有意掩蓋真相11. 我們叫個外賣吧12. 在軍事接管之后13. 給學(xué)生一些講義14. 改革的好處、紅利15. 聯(lián)盟最后的破裂16. 中途退學(xué)的人17. 第二天清晨仍能感覺到的酒后頭昏18. 出來參加投票的人不多 vote第二大題1. Employer2. Unfasten3. Bad/evil4. Unidentified5. Concerned/caring/considerate/interested/sympathetic6. Immovable7. Impersonal8. Irresponsible9. Selfishness10. Individual/personal/spe
21、cific/private/uniqueOne and only11. Shallow12. Undress13. Slightly/somewhat/in part/partially impartial14. Deny denial15. (bride)Groom第三大題1. Air crashes/air collision and other natural disasters2. Human nature and character3. The tail section of a jet plane4. Huge chunks of ice; a huge chunk of ice5
22、. A flotation ring6. Fasten the seat belt7. Culture/Cultural conflict/clash/collision/shock8. Flight 9119. Mechanical failure10. Human tragedy11. Harsh remarks12. Make a distinction between good and evil13. Presidential monuments14. Typical/classic/representative circumstance15. Universal character/
23、characteristic/feature16. A public hero17. Emotional impact18. A moment of high/heavy traffic; rush hour; traffic peak19. Enduring/lasting wonder20. Air Florida21. Congressional Budget Office/Bureau/22. Mass casualties第四大題1. Refer to; known as2. In reality; as ever; responsible forNote: A small, iso
24、lated group or area:there were pockets of disaffection 不滿；背叛in parts of the countryMORE EXAMPLE SENTENCESIt is calling for a new approach to nature conservation, focusing on whole landscapes rather than isolated pockets.偏遠(yuǎn)區(qū)域Famine is biting deep in isolated pockets all over the country.There are coa
25、litions, but theyre in separate pockets around the country, it is not a national coalition.ADJECTIVE ATTRIBUTIVEOf a suitable size for carrying in a pocket:a pocket German dictionaryPick sbs pocketPickpocket n. thief/theft/thieve3. Brought; to tears; sticksIf you do something single-handed(ly), you
26、do it on your own, without help from anyone else. 單獨地I brought up my seven children single-handed.我獨自帶大了7個孩子。You can probably blame Nicolas Sarkozy for that, he has single-handedly changed the perception/view of how the world sees French men. 你可以怪尼古拉薩科奇。 僅因為他一個人的不足，就改變了全世界對法國男人的看法。4. Worth; refer to
27、; On the other hand; make a careful distinction5. Came to the conclusion; forSettlement:Our objective must be to secure a peace(ful) settlement.我們的目標(biāo)必須是確保達(dá)成一個和平協(xié)議。She accepted an out-of-court settlement of $40,000.她接受了4萬美元庭外和解。.ways to delay the settlement of debts.拖延債務(wù)清償?shù)霓k法。Pay offThe village is a
28、settlement of just fifty houses.這個村子是個僅有50家住戶的定居地。reputation6. Takes off; on behalf of7. To be sure; care about; rise to the occasion8. Responsible for; account for第五大題1. To; as2. On; to3. To; of4. On; in; under5. According to; over6. With; at; at7. Against; for; to8. On; to9. On; to10. Out of/In/Ow
29、ing to/Because of/Due to; of第六大題1. The fact that he was able to avoid the seemingly inevitable/unavoidable crash made him a national hero.2. Of the four students who risked their lives to try to drag the drowning children to shore, two never returned.3. The Japanese are known for their long life spa
30、n. They believe they owe this to their eating habits/the composition of their diet, which contains a lot of fish products.HIV virus has a undetermined lifespan outside the human body, ranging from several minutes to several hours. So do not turn pale when HIV is mentioned. I studied with him in the
31、same school for a span of four years.Zhao Yazhis performing career spanned more than four decades.4. I know Harris. I couldnt imagine a man like him making such stupid remarks.5. After testing her loyalty many times, he was now going to give her the most dangerous task.6. I heard that Lincoln had de
32、livered an extremely powerful speech on that occasion. Whatever did he actually say?7. That this time they must be ready to challenge/defy death was clear to everybody. But no one regretted this move/action/measure.8. As accidents go/As far as accidents are concerned, there was nothing unusual/out o
33、f the ordinary: a crazy young man drives a car on a university campus and kills a young woman student. What is unusual is the fact that the man dares to challenge the people who want to take him to court, because his father is a local police officer.9. Every time/Whenever we decide on a financial/ec
34、onomical policy, we have to make a clear distinction between short-term interests and long-term interests.10. Although it was early October, people could already be seen driving across the frozen river.Swim across the Atlantic Ocean/ArcticGrammar第一大題第一小題Explanatory notes:A. The appositive clause is
35、one that explains the meaning of the previous noun.B. The “noun+appositive clause” functions as a noun (phrase), and like a noun (phrase), it is used as subject, objects, and predicative.C. The “noun+appositive clause” is used as the object of prepositions and of verbs that cannot be followed by a s
36、imple that-clause.D. Only a small number of nouns can be followed by an appositive clause. Among such verbs are fact, feeling, idea, news, opinion, order, suggestion.1. Appositive clause in apposition to (與.同位) “the fact”2. Relative clause modifying “the jets.”3. Relative clause modifying “every her
37、os line”4. Appositive clause in apposition to “the fact”5. Appositive clause in apposition to “proof”6. Relative clause modifying “something”7. Appositive clause in apposition to “the conclusion”8. Appositive clause in apposition to “the fact”阿福羅頭（Afro-hair、簡稱Afro），又稱“爆炸頭”或意譯“非洲頭”，是1970年代流行的發(fā)型，特征是又大
38、又卷又膨的球型毛發(fā)。爆炸頭最當(dāng)紅是樂隊Boney M.帶起，當(dāng)時在迪斯科爆炸頭成為舞歌、快歌的經(jīng)典造型。Afro, sometimes shortened to fro and also known as a natural, is a hairstyle worn naturally by people with lengthy kinky頭發(fā)彎曲卷曲的 hair texture 發(fā)質(zhì)；頭發(fā)的質(zhì)感or specifically styled in such a fashion by individuals with naturally curly or straight hair. The
39、hairstyle is created by combing the hair away from the scalp, allowing the hair to extend out from the head in a large, rounded shape, much like a halo光環(huán), cloud or ball.近日，廣電總局發(fā)布了針對強(qiáng)化網(wǎng)絡(luò)劇、微電影等視聽節(jié)目的內(nèi)容審核以及節(jié)目播出機(jī)構(gòu)的新規(guī)章，此舉或?qū)o近來在中國十分熱門的美劇帶來重大打擊。我們來看一段相關(guān)的英文報道Chinas State Administration of Radio, Film, and T
40、elevision (SARFT) is threatening to revoke 撤銷；廢除the licenses of Chinas top online video portals 門戶網(wǎng)站if they dont crack down on 嚴(yán)加管制；嚴(yán)加治理；竭力取締；嚴(yán)厲打擊；鎮(zhèn)壓unsuitable content, specifically on American TV shows and British TV shows, according to Hollywood Reporter. New rules will require censorship審查 approv
41、al of all streaming video 流媒體；流式媒體before it reaches the public.China has 450 million online video viewers, and that number is rising fast. Youku leads the pack with over 300 million unique monthly visitors.據(jù)好萊塢報道者消息，中國國家新聞出版廣電總局對中國主要在線視頻門戶網(wǎng)站發(fā)布新規(guī)，如果它們對不合適的內(nèi)容，特別是不合適的美劇和英劇進(jìn)行制裁，就將被吊銷執(zhí)照。這一新規(guī)將要求所有流媒體在公開之前
42、，進(jìn)行審查批準(zhǔn)。中國有4.5億在線視頻觀眾，這一數(shù)字的增長速度很快。優(yōu)酷以3億月用戶的驚人數(shù)量領(lǐng)跑第一?！局v解】文中的American TV show就是“美劇”的意思，也可以說成是American TV series。一些熱門的美劇有如：The Big Bang Theory（生活大爆炸）、Modern Family（摩登家庭）、Arrow（綠箭俠）和2 Broke Girls（破產(chǎn)姐妹）等。此外，文章末尾處的lead the pack是一個常見詞組，也可以寫成lead the field或lead the world，解釋為“成為第一、最為出眾”。這里的pack是一個名詞，解釋為“一群人、
43、團(tuán)伙”，如a pack of journalists（一群記者）。今天的作業(yè)是翻譯下面一句話Some American TV shows have already gained massive popularity in China.一些美劇已經(jīng)在中國吸引了大量人氣Li communicates with porters, workers in ChongqingUpdated: 2014-04-28 15:00() CommentsChinese Premier Li Keqiang talks with He Shaoqiang, a porter, during an inspectio
44、n tour巡視 in Wanzhou, Chongqing, April 27, 2014. In local dialect, porters with ropes and bamboo poles are called the Army of Bang Bang, a traditional group that helps residents carry bags in the mountain city. Li held the bamboo pole, saying, the pole is smooth. You must have done the job for many y
45、ears. Li urged the porter to take care of his health. Photo/China News Service第二小題1. The boys fear that he would fail the examination is totally groundless.2. I have a feeling that the farmers wife doesnt like the way some young people behave.3. A year after the plane crash, the couple still clung t
46、o the hope that their son would one day return home.4. I think the polices opinion that the victim was partly responsible for theft is ridiculous.5. The international community welcomes the news that the two countries have decided to return to the negotiating table.6. A lot of scientists dont think
47、the result of their research is absolute proof that global warming isnt really happening.7. Ted decided to join the team, for he came to the conclusion that he had more to gain than lose.8. Our department head seems to have accepted the fact that women generally have better communication skills.第二大題
48、第一小題1. Anybody (usually in questions)/somebody (when you expect a “yes” answer)2. Anybody elses3. Everybody4. Everyone, Nobody5. No one else6. No one7. Anyone (in questions)8. Someone else9. Everyone, no one10. nobody第二小題1. Everything2. Something (when “yes” is expected)/ anything3. Nothing4. Someth
49、ing, anything5. Something6. Nothing7. Anything8. Something, anything9. Something10. nothing第三大題1. Made2. While3. Scheduled4. Took5. Takeoff6. By7. But8. Dangerous9. Turn10. something第四大題1. The fact that he is somebodys relative wont change our opinion of him.2. The family members/wives of the miners
50、 (who had been) trapped in the pit for three days were overjoyed by the news that their men had all been rescued.3. We must accept the possibility that we might be wrong.4. Theres little hope that the patient will survive.5. The faculty shares the opinion that the majority of this years freshmen are
51、 promising.6. In spite of/Despite our economic growth, we should bear/keep in mind the fact that ours is still a developing country.7. We should hear his own explanation before we jump to the conclusion that hes to blame.8. There arent many people who still cling to the idea that man should conquer
52、nature rather than live in harmony/harmoniously with it.第五大題1. Everyone in our class went to the International Book Fair.(proper noun)2. Every one of their new products became popular soon after it was launched.3. The Chinese Delegation expressed the hope that the two sides would soon stop fighting
53、in the area.4. I dont like the way (in which) he speaks to his patients.5. Is there anyone in the office?6. I think it was the directors fault, and nobody else is responsible for the disaster.7. Has anyone got anything important to say?8. Lee Ying cant be in the library. I saw her going to the sports ground just a moment ago.9. If the firefighter hadnt been caught in a traffic jam, they would have arrived an hour earlier. (subjunctive mood)10. Not only did the medical team save many earthquake victims, but they also helped them to recover from the shock.
現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語Unit 4 課后練習(xí)答案
