pep小學五年級下冊英語語法知識點全冊.doc
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1、五年級下冊英語語法知識點語法知識1.近義詞eat breakfasthave breakfast eat lunchhave lunch eat dinnerhave dinnerplay sportsdo sports usuallyoften復數(shù)形式:policemanpolicemen policewomanpolicewomen 現(xiàn)在分詞:telltelling三單:saysays 同義句:What do you do ? -What are you? 你是干什么的?2、頻度的副詞:always 總是,一直usually通常,常常 often 經常sometimes 有時候4、介詞后跟
2、表示時間的詞語時,表示在某年、某月、某個季節(jié),某個時候(在上午,在下午,在晚上)用in;表示在某一天,在星期幾用on,在具體的幾點幾分用at.5、too 和either的用法區(qū)別:too和either都是“也”的意思,但too用于肯定句,either用于否定句。第二單元語法知識1.同義詞:autumn(英)fall(美)對應詞:wake upsleep go to bedget up2.三單:saysays askasks comecomes3.同義句:Whats your favourite season?(你最喜愛的季節(jié)是什么?)-Which season do you like best
3、?(你最哪個季節(jié)?)4表示天氣的介詞。當表示某地某個季節(jié)的天氣情況時,要把季節(jié)放在前面,地點放在后面。其結構為:Whats the weather like in 季節(jié)in 地點?第三單元主要語法點:1、關于月份:(1)五月May , 六月June, 七月July,沒有簡寫形式。九月September 的簡寫形式是前四個字母加點Sept.其他八個月的簡寫形式是前三個字母加點。(2)無論是完全形式還是簡寫形式,表示12個月的單詞的第一個字母都要大寫。2、關于基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞。(1)一般情況下,直接在基數(shù)詞后面加th. (one , two , three 除外)。onefirst , twosec
4、ond , threethird . (2) 以ve結尾的基數(shù)詞,變ve為f, 再加th. 如:fivefifth , twelvetwelfth. (3)以t結尾的基數(shù)詞,直接加h。如eighteighth. (4) 以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的,丟掉不發(fā)音的字母e,再加th.如nineninth. (5)以y結尾的整十數(shù),在變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時,將y變?yōu)閕e,再加th.如twentytwentieth (6)20以上的兩位數(shù),變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時,十位數(shù)不變,只將個位上的數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。如:twenty-one-twenty-first , twenty-twotwenty-second , thirty-fou
5、rthirty-fourth (7)序數(shù)詞的簡寫形式為表示該詞的阿拉伯數(shù)字加上該單詞的最后兩個字母,最后兩個字母要變成上標格式。如:first1st , second2nd , third3rd , fourth4th . twentieth20th3. 回答When is your birthday?這個問題,如果只說明生日在幾月份,在月份前用in.如 My birthday is in July. 如果要具體說明生日是在幾月幾日,則要把in去掉,直接用is,或者在is后加on。如My birthday is June 9th. 或My birthday is on June 9th .4.
6、注意區(qū)分兩個句子:What day is it today ?今天星期幾?Whats the date today? 今天是幾月幾日?5. 根據(jù)要求寫單詞:make (現(xiàn)在分詞)-making. send( 現(xiàn)在分詞)-sending.6句子:How many birthdays are in October ?有幾個人的生日在十月? There are 3.7. My birthday is in February .(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?-Is your birthday in February?8. Does she have a computer?她有計算機嗎?當?shù)谌朔Q單數(shù)和句子中出現(xiàn)了
7、does時,其他動詞必須使用原型。9、讀序數(shù)詞時,前面一定要加the. 如 October 1st .讀作October the first.10、同義句:Who has a birthday in October?=Whose birthday is in October?第四單元知識點:1、在電話中介紹自己時,可以用“Its ”或者This is .。但是不能用“I am ”或者“My name is ”2.在電話中表另一個人接電話時,應該說:“Can I speak to ?”3、告訴別人接電話時,說:There is a call for you.4、在接電話時請別人稍候說:Hold
8、on please.或者Please hold on.5、動詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞(加ing)的規(guī)則:(1) 一般情況下,在動詞的后面直接加ing.如:playplayingcleancleaning drawdrawing cookcooking(2) 以單個不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的動詞,去掉不發(fā)音的字母e,再加ing .如:writewritingcomecomingtaketakingmakemakingleaveleavinghavehaving(3) 以重讀閉音世結尾的動詞,如果詞尾只有一個輔音字母,則要先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加ing.如: runrunning swimswimming put
9、putting sitsitting setsetting五單元主要知識點:1、在英語中,當表示媽媽時,無論是人類媽媽還是動植物的媽媽,都可以用she .而表示嬰兒時,也都可以用it.2、系動詞be 的用法:我是am你是are, is跟著他她它。如果人稱是復數(shù),撲面一律都用are.如:I am reading a book. He is cooking dinner.We are doing an experiment. Are you eating lunch?3、With除了表示和一起外,還可以表示“使用”,如:That elephant is drinking water with it
10、s trunk.大象正在用它的象鼻喝水。I am writing with my pen.我正在用我的鋼筆寫字。4、當句子中出現(xiàn)了can時,動詞一定要用原形。如:Can tigers really swim? I can wash the clothes.我會洗衣服。I am washing clothes.我正在洗衣服。5、can , usually , often , sometimes , always 這幾個單詞都是一般現(xiàn)在時的好朋友,當句子中出現(xiàn)了它們時,動詞一般都要用原形。now, am , is , are 這幾個單詞都是現(xiàn)在進行時的好朋友,當句子中出現(xiàn)了它們時,動詞要用現(xiàn)在分詞
11、形式,也就是ing形式。第六單元主要知識點:1、現(xiàn)在進行時的句子變一般疑問句時,只要將系動詞be(am is are )和主語交換位置,將句末的句號變?yōu)閱柼?,但是要注意第一人稱和第二人稱時,人稱和系動詞的相應變化。如:I am reading a book? -Are you reading a book?Youre walking . -Am I waling? He is cooking dinner . -Is he cooking dinner?2、表示用什么做個實驗時,要用on。如 Do an experiment on me , please.3. Its time to后跟動詞的
12、原形,Its time for 后跟名詞。如:Its time to go to school.該去上學了。(到了去上學的時間了。)Its time for English class.到英語課的時間了。Its time to have English class. 該上英語課了。英語下冊知識點總結二、重點短語講解1. play with 和一起玩 play with sb.(某人) 和一起玩 play with sth.(某物) 玩某物e.g. Lucy and Lily are playing with their mother. Lucy and Lily are playing wit
13、h their doll.2. a lot of 很多 a lot of = lots of + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞e.g. 同義句轉換 There are a lot of apples on the table. =There are _ _ apples on the table. (答案:lots of)3. how often 多久一次how often 是一個特殊疑問詞,就頻率提問。英語表示頻率的詞:一次:once兩次:twice 特殊 其他次數(shù):基數(shù)詞+times 構成 例如:8次 eight timese.g. -How often do you go to the li
14、brary?-I go to the library once a week. (注:如就劃線部分提問,應用特殊疑問詞how often)4. how many 多少how many/much 就數(shù)量提問 how many + 可數(shù)名詞;how much + 不可數(shù)名詞e.g.- How many boys are there in your class? - There are 40 boys in my class.- How much water is there in the bottle? - There is a little water in the bottle.5. be g
15、ood at 擅長 at 后 可加名詞 如加動詞,動詞應用動名詞形式 既 v + inge.g. I am good at English.6. be interested in 對感興趣in 后 可加名詞 如加動詞,動詞應用動名詞形式 既 v + inge.g. I am interested in English.7. play the violin 拉小提琴 樂器前加定冠詞 the8. listen to music 聽音樂 聽,用listen to (1). 聽音樂前,不加定冠詞the (2). 聽收音機前,要加定冠詞the : listen to the radio9. come f
16、rom 來自,come from = be from, I come from China. = I am from China.易錯點:Where are you come from? (錯誤) Where do you come from? (正確)10. play football 踢足球 球類名詞前不加冠詞 11be famous for 因聞名12. have a look at 看一看 have a look at = look at13. how much 多少(錢)how much 用來詢問價格14. a pair of 一雙;一對 a pair of glasses; a p
17、air of trousers; a pair of gloves 15. try on 試穿 試穿鞋子 try on the shoes = try the shoes on試穿它 此處它是代詞,只能放在 try on 之間 try it on14. see a doctor 看醫(yī)生常用表示“看”的單詞有:watch; see; look; read .watch: 用于看電視,比賽等; watch TV watch football matchsee: 看見 強調結果,看到什么;看醫(yī)生、看電影時用see ; see a film; see a doctor15. take good car
18、e of 好好照顧 take (good) care of = look after16. have a fever 發(fā)燒have a + 表示癥狀的單詞 have a fever; have a toothache; have a headachehave + 病名 have measles (麻疹) have mumps (腮腺炎)17. have to 不得不Her mother is ill, she has to look after her mother, so she cant come to the party.重點:含有have to 的句子變否定 用dont 或 doesn
19、te.g. She has to finish her homework.She doesnt have to finish her homework. (正確) She has not to finish her homework.(錯誤)18. be worried about 擔心 She is worried about her exam.19.help with 幫助做某事 help with = help sb. (to) do sth.Peter helps her mother with the housework. = Peter helps her mother (to)
20、do the housework.三、重點單詞用法1. call v. 稱作 What do you call it in English?2. like v. 喜歡 sth. I like English very muchlike to do sth. I like reading very much, but I dont like to read now.doing sth.3. lets + 動詞原形 Lets (=let us) make animals. let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事4. want v. 想,想要want sth. I want a piece o
21、f paper.to do sth. I want to watch TV.5. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞很簡單,沒有人稱數(shù)之變,動詞原形后邊站,can表能力 may許可 should應該 would愿 must必須 ,否定neednt換 have to不得不表客觀四、重點語法 A) 一般現(xiàn)在時1. 概念:一般現(xiàn)在時表示經常的、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 2. 構成:一般現(xiàn)在時的構成主要有兩種形式: (1)be型:句子的謂語動詞只有be(am,is或are): a肯定句中,只出現(xiàn)be,如: I am a student我是一名學生。 b否定句中,要在be后面加not,如: She isnt a tea
22、cher她不是教師。 c一般疑問句,要將be放在句子開頭(注意句首字母大寫),句尾用問號,答語用Yes,主語+be或No,主語 + be + not如: Are you ready?你準備好了嗎? Yes,I am是的,我準備好了。 (No,Im not不,我沒準備好。) (2)實義動詞型:句中的謂語動詞為實義動詞(也叫行為動詞): a肯定句中,只出現(xiàn)實義動詞,如: I get up in the morning我早晨起床。 b否定句中,要在實義動詞前面加do(does)not,do(does)作助動詞,本身無意義,常與not縮寫成dont(doesnt),如: I dont like veg
23、etables我不喜歡蔬菜。 c一般疑問句,要在句子開頭加助動詞Do(does),句尾用問號,簡略答語用Yes,主語+do(does)或No,主語+do(does)not如: Do you like oranges?你喜歡桔子嗎? Yes,I do是的,我喜歡。 (No,I dont不,我不喜歡。) 3. 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法 1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。 時間狀語: every, sometimes, at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。 The ea
24、rth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。 注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比較:Now I put t
25、he sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. B) 一般將來時一、概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。句中一般有以下時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。二、基本結構: be going to + do; will+ do.三、否定句:在be動詞(am, is, are)后加not或will后加not成wont。例如:Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. I
26、m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑問句: be或will提到句首,some改為any, and改為or,第一二人稱互換。例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、對劃線部分提問。一般情況,一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。 1. 問人。Who 例如:Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2. 問干什么。Wha
27、t do. 例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 問什么時候。When. 例如:Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同義句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.七、b
28、e going to和will 的區(qū)別 be going to和will 的用法雖然都表示將來發(fā)生動作或情況,但它們的用法是有區(qū)別的。1. be going to主要用于:(1)、表示事先經過考慮、安排好打算要做的事情。What are you going to do today? 今天你們打算做什么?Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看京劇。Im going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。 Shes going to play the piano. 她打算彈鋼琴
29、。 (2)、表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷,某事非常有可能發(fā)生。e.g. Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧!烏云密集,天要下雨。I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。2. will主要用于在以下幾個方面:(1)、表示單純的未來“將要”通用各個人稱。e.g. They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他們將去工廠參觀。Ill come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我將
30、和王兵、劉濤、楊玲一起來。(2)、表示不以人的意志為轉移的自然發(fā)展的未來的事。e.g. Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.今天是星期六。明天是(將)是星期日。He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年這個時候他就(將)三十歲。(3)、問對方是否愿意做某事或表示客氣地邀請或命令.e.g. Will you please turn on the radio? 請打開收音機好嗎?C) 現(xiàn)在進行時構成:主語+be+動詞ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式 第一人稱+ am + v-ing 第二人稱+ are
31、+ v-ing 第三人稱+ is +v-ing 現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法: a.表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 We are waiting for you. b.習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. c. 已經確定或安排好的將來活動 Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已經安排了) were flying to Paris
32、 tomorrow.(票已經拿到了) d.有些動詞(狀態(tài)動詞不用于進行時態(tài)) (1)表示知道或了解的動詞:believe, doubt, forget, imagine, know, remember, realize, suppose, understand (2)表示“看起來”“看上去appear, resemble, seem (3)表示喜愛或不喜愛hate, like, lover, prefer (4)表示構成或來源的動詞 be, come, from, contain, include (5)表示感官的動詞 hear see smell sound taste (6)表示擁有的動詞belong to, need, own, possess, want, wish
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