2020高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺Ⅲ專題15 短文改錯(cuò)

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1、2020考前沖刺英語(yǔ)Ⅲ專題15 短文改錯(cuò) 【高考預(yù)測(cè)】 短文改錯(cuò)題旨在考查考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正語(yǔ)篇錯(cuò)誤的能力。它要求考生具備扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底，相當(dāng)高的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力；此題涉及到詞匯、語(yǔ)法、慣用法、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、行文邏輯等各個(gè)方面。但是，這種試題并不是檢測(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的，而是檢測(cè)考生寫(xiě)作能力中的校驗(yàn)?zāi)芰?。這種能力是進(jìn)行書(shū)面表達(dá)的必備能力，寫(xiě)作的成效需要良好的寫(xiě)作程序的支持，而在寫(xiě)作程序中，檢驗(yàn)?zāi)芰κ遣豢扇鄙俚囊?。把短文改錯(cuò)當(dāng)作語(yǔ)法練習(xí)是對(duì)高考中短文改錯(cuò)的誤解。 一、短文改錯(cuò)題的解題步驟 1.通讀全文，掌握大意 短文改錯(cuò)不是單句改錯(cuò)，每一句的語(yǔ)意表達(dá)，結(jié)構(gòu)選擇是受土下文制約的。如謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的選

2、擇，代詞的指代功能等都要依照上下文的線索進(jìn)行判斷。因此，考生應(yīng)立足:于上下文，正確理解作者意圖，把握短文的題材、體裁、時(shí)態(tài)主線，人物和主要情節(jié)等，從整體上把握全文。 2.整句理解，逐行推敲 通讀全文，了解文章大意、寫(xiě)作方式之后，要細(xì)致分析每一個(gè)完整的句子。應(yīng)把主要注與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或上下文的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致等。 2.連接手段的錯(cuò)誤 高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)命題的一個(gè)重要方面就是考查連接手段。連詞使用不當(dāng)會(huì)造成上下文無(wú)法銜接。英語(yǔ)中的詞與詞、句與句必須使用并列或從屬連詞將其連接起來(lái)，，要判斷句與句之間的關(guān)系是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、遞進(jìn)還是讓步，從而選擇相應(yīng)的連詞。若為復(fù)合句，首先判斷屬:廠何種從句，然后根據(jù)主

3、從句之間的關(guān)系判斷連接詞的使用是否準(zhǔn)確或是否有遺漏或多余的現(xiàn)象。 3.平行結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤 在表達(dá)相互平行的概念時(shí)，要使用相同的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，即動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)，形容詞與形容詞對(duì)應(yīng)，分詞與分詞對(duì)應(yīng)，不定式與不定式對(duì)應(yīng)，短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)。它經(jīng)常借助于并列連詞and，or，but或連詞詞組not only...but also...，not...but...，either...or...，neither...nor...，as well as等。 4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式上的錯(cuò)誤 主要考查不定式符號(hào)to的多余或遺漏；to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)的辨認(rèn)(后跟動(dòng)詞原形考生對(duì)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的掌握情況。 8.詞語(yǔ)搭配的錯(cuò)誤

4、 主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配；及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后缺少介詞，英語(yǔ)中的一些固定句型及習(xí)慣搭配等。 9.詞性分辨的錯(cuò)誤 詞在句中的位置及與其他詞所形成的修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系決定了其正確形式，詞在句中不同的句法功能要求使用與之相匹配的詞性。 10.行文邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤 短文改錯(cuò)中的行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤是最難改的一種錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)橐R(shí)別和改出某種錯(cuò)誤，考生必須細(xì)讀全文，在理解短文中心思想、掌握全文邏輯發(fā)展順序的基礎(chǔ)上，作出正確判斷。 下面，我們以典型例題試題中幾道有代表意義的短文改錯(cuò)題來(lái)分析一下這些種類的錯(cuò)誤形式。 1. (2020精選模擬)短文改錯(cuò)

5、 My car just wouldn’t move any further. It was complete 1. dead, and I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold 2. wet night. I decided walk around a little before accepting I’d 3. have to spend the night in the ear. Maybe I can find a 4. telephone. Actually, I didn’t have to walk f

6、ar before I 5. found a small house standing on a field with a light 6. shone from the sitting room. I knocked at the door and 7. was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the 8. door but listened to my story carefully. He said he had 9. no telephone, and it wasn’t one within walking di

7、stance, 10. but offered to come and look at my car. 去分詞做表語(yǔ)。 9.but改為and.連接手段的錯(cuò)誤。兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 10.it改為there.一致關(guān)系的錯(cuò)誤。這里當(dāng)是表示“存在有”的there be句型。 2.(典型例題改錯(cuò)) My sister found a bird on the roadside. We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. He would greet us 1. in a tree outside our bedr

8、oom, calling “Hello” as we lay in 2. bed in a morning. He also passed "Hello" to the cats when 3. they came into the room. We often played a trick on himself. 4. We’d throw a coin as far as possibly. Jack would fly away 5. and bring it back for us throw again. He would also catch 6. the fo

9、od throwing to him from the other side of the room and 7. sing happily. But for the most wonderful thing about Jack 8. were his musical ability. Leaving him at home all day, we 9. would return at night to hear that he’d picked up from the radio in the day. 10. 試題分析 8.去掉for.多余詞匯的錯(cuò)誤。按照文章的意思是

10、表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but，而不是表示“要不是”的but for。 9.were改為was.一致關(guān)系的錯(cuò)誤。主語(yǔ)是表示單數(shù)意義的"the most wonderful thing". 10.that改為what.連接手段的錯(cuò)誤。賓語(yǔ)從句中 pick up 缺少賓語(yǔ)。 3.(2020精選模擬) Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over 1. the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since 2. long ago, many adul

11、ts and children called their friends together 3. to spend hours, even days play games. One of the reasons people 4. like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In otherwords, 5. they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people are 6. playing games, they move a lot. That

12、is how sports are good activities 7. for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy. 8. Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American 9. big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games. 10. 試題分析 10.sell改為buy．行文邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)文意是“買(mǎi)票看球

13、賽”。 4. (2020精選模擬)短文改錯(cuò) Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often 1. broke down. So he decided to make a best car himself, 2. and in 1904 he produced his first new model. Charles Rolls, 3. a car maker, was very interested in Royce’s car, but soon 4. Rolls arid Royce go into

14、business together. One of their first 5. model was the Silver Ghost. In 1907, a Silver Ghost broke the 6. world’s record by drive 14,371 miles without breaking down 7. once. After the drive, it was cost just over ￡ 2 to put the car 8. back into perfect condition. This is not surprising that

15、the Silver 9. Ghost was regarded “the best car in the world”. 10. 試題解析 9.This改為It.一致關(guān)系的錯(cuò)誤。這里是形式主語(yǔ)it 10.regarded后加as．固定搭配的錯(cuò)誤。短語(yǔ)regard as意為“把……認(rèn)為／看作”。 5.短文改錯(cuò) There are advantage for students to work while1. studying at school. One of them was that 2. __ they can earn money, for the

16、 most part. 3. students working to earn money for their own 4. __ use. Earning their own momey allow them 5. __ to spend on anything as if they please. 6. __ They would have to ask thier parents for 7. __ money or for permission to do things by 8. __ the money. Some stude

17、nts may also to save 9. __ up for our college or future use. 10. __ 試題分析 1.advantage改為advantages.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。此處 advantage表示“利益，益處”，可數(shù)名詞。 6.短文改錯(cuò) Dear Mr. Brown, I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 1. Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in 2. English. My

18、pronunciation was terribly. I could 3. only speak a few words. But one and a half year later. 4. I now think English fun to learn. I got a lost from your 5. encouraging words. I will always remember what you 6. said, “If you try to, you can be No. 1 !”I hope you’ve 7. had peasant journet h

19、ome and will come to China 8. again sometimes in the future. I will write again 9. and send you the photos we take together. 10. Yours sincerely, Li Min 試題分析 1.with改為for.固定用法錯(cuò)誤。thank sb. for sth為固定短語(yǔ)。 2.not改為no.否定詞用示錯(cuò)誤。ho修飾后面的名詞interest。 3.terribly改為terrible.形容詞副詞用法錯(cuò)誤。系表結(jié)構(gòu)中當(dāng)用形容詞。

20、4.year改為years.名詞的數(shù)與格的錯(cuò)誤。一年半是復(fù)數(shù)形式。 5.Engish后加is.句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤。think后賓語(yǔ)從句中缺謂語(yǔ)。 6.正確。 7.去掉to.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法錯(cuò)誤。此處應(yīng)該省略to。 8.journey前加a.冠詞用法錯(cuò)誤。journey是可數(shù)名詞。 9.sometimes改為sometime.副詞用法錯(cuò)誤。Sometime表示未來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)候。 10.take改為took.時(shí)態(tài)用法錯(cuò)誤。寄去的照片是以前照的，故用過(guò)去時(shí)。 Passage 1 Many many years ago there had a merchant 1. 答案: had改

21、為was／lived named Abul. He was the richer man in the 2. 答案: richer改為richest country. He had large, strong boxes filling 3. 答案: filling改為filled with gold, and his storehouses were full of 4. 答案: 正確 value goods. He owned land and houses and 5. 答案: value改為valuabl

22、e gardens. But though he was such rich, he 6. 答案: such改為so spent least than the poorest beggar in the 7. 答案: least改為less city. He ate only dates and breads, and wore 8. 答案: breads改為bread his clothing for scores of years before he bought 9. 答案: clothing改為clothes new

23、ones. He had not bought new shoes since 10. thirty years. 答案: since改為for Passage 2 During this summer holiday I took part in special 1. 答案: special前加a summer camp with some of my classmates. Where we 2. 答案: Where改為T(mén)here made some new friends who were senior students from 3. 答案: 正確

24、 Canvey, a town in the Thames, lying to the east of London. 4. 答案: in改為on As hosts, we showed them around many places of interests 5. 答案: interests改為interest in Beijing, such the Palace Museum, the Great Wall and 6. 答案: such后加as the Summer Palace and we tell them about the changes

25、 7. 答案: tell改為told which had been taken place in Beijing. They said that 8. 答案: 去掉been Beijing was quite different with what they had heard of and 9. 答案: with改為from it was as beautifully as Canvey. I think the summer camp 10. is of great value. 答案: beautifully改為beautiful Passage 3 M

26、y dream is always to visit to London, England. I 1. 答案: 去掉第二個(gè)to imagined London like a big city with some of the best 2. 答案: 1ike改為as art shows in the world. This summer my dream come true 3. 答案: come改為came when I spent a week in London. I lived in a hotel in the 4. 答案: 1ived改為stayed the

27、atre area, but on the first day I took several long walks 5. 答案: but改為and through the city staring all the famous buildings. Because 6. 答案: staring后加at there is wide variety of programs, I could go to a different 7. 答案: wide前加a theater every night to see diffe

28、rent shows. The best was when 8. 答案: 正確 I went to see a playing by the most famous writer in the English 9. 答案: playing改為play language-Shakespeare. This is was my mostly enjoyable vacation. 10. 答案: mostly改為most Passage 4 During the summer holiday, I think I should do something 1. 答案: thi

29、nk改為thought meaningful instead touring. So I got a job at a fast food 2. 答案: instead后加of restaurant and worked there as cleaner. I worked 7 hours a day 3. 答案: cleaner前加a for three weeks. The job was hard and bored and seemedendless, 4. 答案: bored改為boring it made me so tired that I nearly s

30、topped it half way. 5. 答案: 第一個(gè)it改為which After all, I stuck to it with determinations. Every day I started 6. 答案: determinations改為determination off for work early in the morning and went to home late in the 7. 答案: 去掉to evening. Finally, I finished the job after the new school term 8. 答案: a

31、fter改為before began. Now, I understand that labor means. I think it is really 9. 答案: that改為what a successful experience, which is worth remembering for ever 10. 答案: 正確 Passage 5 My swimming experience is extreme interesting. There was 1. 答案: extreme改為extre

32、mely a time when I swam like a rock. This went on to one day 2. 答案: to改為until when I was fishing with a friend of mine at nearby pond. 3. 答案: nearby前加a I slip into it. If my friend had not come to my rescue, 4. 答案: slip改為slipped I would have been drowned. Ever since then, I have come 5.

33、答案: 正確 to know the importances of learning to swim. I didn’t 6. 答案: importances改為importance attend to any training class but learned it on my own. Strange 7. 答案: attend改為go或去掉to to say, I have no difficulty swim at all now. Though my 8. 答案: swim改為swimming self- invent styles look awkward(拙

34、笨的), at least they can 9. 答案: self-invent改為self-invented keep my floating. Thinking of this, I am more than satisfied. 10. 答案: my改為me Passage 6 I was used to complain about my English teacher for 1. 答案: 去掉Was her bad English. I was also tired with her teaching methods, 2. 答案: with改為of w

35、hich were always slow and bored. However, my attitude 3. 答案: bored改為boring towards her began to change after one afternoon. It was raining 4. 答案: 正確 heavily and I didn’t attend to school. Around 5: 30 pm I received 5. 答案: attend改為go或去掉to a phone call. “Are you all right?” asked my English t

36、eacherin quiet 6. 答案: in后加a voice. On hearing his words, I was shocked and my mind was 7. 答案: his改為her flooded with mixed feelings. She is showing her concern for 8. 答案: is改為was me, though I had not been happily with her! Was she just acting, 9. 答案: happily改為happy and should I smooth awa

37、y my past misunderstanding of her? 10. 答案: and改為or Passage 7 When I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing in the test papers.. I was feeling very nervous. I had not studied 1. 答案

38、: in改為out at all the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test. 2. 答案: easy前加an I went trough the test formanytimes but I could only an swer 3. 答案: 去掉for three out from the twenty questions. I did not want to fail 4. 答案: from改為of the exam. Then, I put my book under my desk, opening

39、it 5. 答案: opening改為open and started looking for the answer. The teacher wasn’t 6. 答案:answer改為answers looking at me, but I copied something. Suddenly, I felt a hand 7. 答案: but改為and／so on my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating. I don’t 8. 答案: don’t改為didn’t know what to say. Luckily, t

40、he teacher did not punish for 9. 答案: for前加me cheating but instead gave me a second chance. 10. __ 答案:正確 Passage 8 Dear Linda, Our city changed a lot in the past 5 years. More highways 1. 答案: changed前加has have been built, that makes it very convenient for people 2. 答案: that改為w

41、hich to travel. Many high buildings have been appeared, which 3. 答案: 去掉been are modem and beautiful. As the result, people’s living 4. 答案: the改為a conditions have been greatly improved. Many families have got 5. 答案:正確 cars of their own. And they can enjoy them traveling on holidays. 6. 答案

42、: them改為themselves They lead a rich and colorful life. Mobile phone and computers 7. 答案: phone改為Phones are very usual now. So it is easier for people to keep in touch 8. 答案: usual改為common with each other than ago. More and more foreign companies have 9. 答案: ago改為before started factories h

43、ere. Living here is almost the same as America, I think. 10. 答案: America前加in Best wishes. Yours truly, Li Hua Passage 9 I wonder if I can get some help of you. I was so careless 1. 答案: or改為and have a pair of trousers, a cap, a cup and a pair of shoes. 7. 答案: 正確 I have got an alarm clo

44、ck with me, and a pair of glass. 8. 答案: glass改為glasosses And I have a small radio in the case. That’s that I’ve 9. 答案: 第二個(gè)that改為what或前加sal1 got in my case. I will be very pleasing if I can get it back. 10. 答案: pleasing改為pleased Passage 10 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you are coming soo

45、n. I had just 1. 答案: had改為have read an ad for house sale, which you might be interesting 2. 答案: interesting改為interested in. I’m writing to tell yourself about what it says. 3. 答案: yourself改為you Green Square lies in Chaoyang District. It is next the 4. 答案: next后加to Great Wall Hotel, and j

46、ust one kilometer away from the 5. 答案: 正確 expressway. There are also the schools, restaurants, a 6. 答案: 去掉the hospital and a shop center as well. The kitchen and 7. 答案: shop改為shopping the bathroom are especial convenient. Hot water is 8. 答案: especial改為especially provided for 24 hours, bu

47、t lifts work day and night. 9. 答案: but改為and If you need further information, calling 010 -77465329. 10. 答案: calling改為call With best wishes. Yours truly, John Passage 11 I will graduate out from university this year. Now I 1. 答案: really know what the saying “how time flies” mean.

48、 2. 答案: mean改為means I still remember clearly the first day which I entered the 3. 答案: which前加on或 which改為when university. I miss the days that have passed, But in the 4. 答案: in改為on other hand, I must consider what I should do in future. 5. 答案: future前加the In

49、 my opinion, I’d like to work for one and two 6. 答案: and改為be years and then I will be able to see that what kind 7. 答案: 去掉that of knowledge I lack and am able to go back to study 8. 答案: am改為be with a definite aim. Now I’m in a dilemma. 9. 答案:正確 And I really do not know what way is

50、better. 10.__ 答案: what改為which Passage 12 Every child has his own dream. Every child hope to be 1. 答案: hope改為hopes a adult. All of them think it is a good thing to grow up. 2. 答案: a改為an However, is it true like what they imagine? As a boy 3. 答案: true改為truly who lives in modern times

51、and in a modem city, I felt 4. 答案: 去掉the huge amounts of stress. Let’s have the encourage to face 10. these worries and try to solve them. 答案: encourage改為courage Passage 13 Dear Mr. and Mrs. Smith, I want to thank you again for having me in your home for the summer holidays. I had alway

52、s wanted to return the village after 1. 答案: return后加to moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. 2. 答案: is改為was I told mother, father, sister, and all my friends here that a great 3. 答案: that改為what time I had. I’ll never forget the steamboat ride. I never knew

53、 about 4. 答案: 去掉about a ride down a river could be so excited. I also enjoyed the 5. 答案: go改為come With best wishes. Yours truly, Tom Passage 14 British newspapers are much smaller and its readers are often 1. 答案: its 改為their in a hurry, so newspapermen write so few words as possible.

54、 2. 答案: so改為as They tell their readers at once what was happened, where, 3. 答案: 去掉was when and how it happened and what is the result: how 4. 答案: is改為 was much people were killed, what damage was done and so on. 5. 答案: much改為many Readers want the fact as fully and accurately as possible.

55、 6. 答案:正確 So newspaperman always likes to get some information from 7. 答案: newspaperman前加a someone who was there, that can be given in the person’s 8. 答案: that改為which own words. Because he can use only a little words, the 9. 答案: little改為few newspaperman must choose those words careful, ev

56、eryone must be effective. 10. 答案: careful改為carefully Passage 15 One afternoon, Tommy was on his way home from the school. 1. 答案: 去掉the When he was passing by Mr. All’s house, he happened see thick smoke 2. 答案: happened后加to coming out of the window, which made him frightening. He did not kn

57、ow 3. 答案: frightening改為 frightened whether Mr. All was in his house, but he thought he had to put off 4. 答案: off改為out the fire at once. But he ran to his own house and in a short time he 5. 答案: But改為So ran back into Mr. All’s house with a basin of water in his hand. 6. 答案: into改為 to When

58、 he came to the window where the smoke still coming out, 7. 答案: smoke后加was he poured the water into the house through the window. 8. 答案: 正確 Suddenly, an angry cry came out of the house. It is 9. 答案: is改為was Mr. All, he was making a fire, preparing for supper. 10. 答案: he改為who Passage 16

59、In our country men, woman, boys and girls all look 1. 答案: woman改為women forward to spend the Spring Festival. It is a time when 2. 答案: spend改為spending people get together and have a fun. Each family has 3. 答案: 去掉 a its members come to together. Public places are crowded 4. 答案: 去掉to of peo

60、ple. Children enjoy themselves in games. When 5. 答案: of改為with you take a walk in the street, you will struch by the 6. 答案: will后加be sight of expensive and beautifully decorations. Every 7. 答案: beaubifully改為beautiful family has it’s new scrolls (對(duì)聯(lián)) stuck on the door. 8. 答案: It’s改為ira All

61、 these are Welcome signs for a visitor. When friends 9. 答案:正確 meet, you will hear them say with each other. “Happy New Year !” 10. 答案: with改為to Passage 17 Dear Xiaohua, It is four days since mother accepted the operation. 1. 答案: accepted改為received She is feeling much more better. The doct

62、ors told me 2. 答案: 去掉more the operation was successful, but because her old age 3. 答案: because后加of she had to stay in hospital for other two weeks. The 4. 答案: other改為another doctors also say it was quite necessary for her to 5. 答案:say改為said do so. We expect to get a full report in two and

63、 three 6. 答案: and改為or days. Please tell the good news to the rest of family 7. 答案: family前加the as fast as possible. You needn’t come here. I’m 8. 答案: funs改為fun someone who sees a single cloud in a sunny day and says, “It looks” 3. 答案: in改為on like rain. “But if you catch yourself thinki

64、ng such things, it’s” 4. 答案: 正確 important to do something against them. 5. 答案: them改為it. You can shange your view of the life, according to psycholo- gists. 6. 答案: 去掉the It only takes little effort, and you will find more rewarding as a 7. 答案: 1ittle 前加a result. Optimism,

65、 they say, is part about self-respect and confidence 8. 答案: part改為partly and it’s a more positive way of looking at life. Optimists are more 9. 答案: and改為but likely to start new projects and are generally prepared to take risks. 10. 答案: prepared前加more Passage 19 A long time ago,in England,s

66、ome judge used to 1. 答案: swallow改為 swallowing anything dry. He or she loses his or her appetite 9. 答案: 正確 and did not want to eat because he or she is worrying about something. 10. 答案: did 改為 does. Passage 20 Jack was on his way home. He had been out of work for two weeks and couldn’t find another work. today he hadn’t 1. 答案: work 改為 job anything to eat and he had no money his pocket.2. 答案: his 前加 in “Don’t move