2020屆高考英語二輪專題訓(xùn)練 閱讀理解（34）

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1、2020屆高考英語二輪專題訓(xùn)練：閱讀理解（34） A Decision-making under Stress A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(負(fù)面的) consequences of a decision. The research s

2、uggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways. “Stress affects how people learn，” says Professor Mara Mather.“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.” For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像)

3、with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants

4、 remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress. This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress—at those moments, only the p

5、leasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled. The research also found that stress appears to affect decisi

6、on-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different. Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in th

7、e opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win. This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addict

8、ed than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction. 64．We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ________. A．keep rewards better in their memory B．recall consequences more effortlessly C．make risky decisions more frequentl

9、y D．learn a subject more effectively 65．According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ________. A．ways of making choices B．preference for pleasure C．tolerance of punishments D．responses to suggestions 66．The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ________

10、. A．women find it easier to fall into certain habits B．men have a greater tendency to slow down C．women focus more on outcomes D．men are more likely to take risks B A（2020四川卷） 31. What you have just read is a _______. A. note B. report C. schedule D. poster 32. What is

11、 going to take place on 2 February, 2020? A. A big event to welcome a Chinese new year. B. A social gathering to raise money for wildlife. C. A party for close friends to meet and have fun. D. A meeting of Kwun Tong High School students. 33. How much do you have to pay in total if four of you g

12、o together? A. $20. B. $40. C. $60. D. $80. 34. Which of the following statements is true? A. Tickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School. B. It's unnecessary to take soft drinks with you. C. Free digital cameras are provided for everybody. D. Festival food will be ser

13、ved without extra charge. C One day, Jack threw some papers on my desk. “What’s wrong?” I asked. “Next time you want to change anything, ask me first,” he said, and left. I had made just one small change. But it’s not that I hadn’t been warned. My colleagues had said he was responsible for the res

14、ignations of the two previous secretaries. As the weeks went by, I came to look down on Jack. After another of his episodes had left me in tears I stormed into his office. “what?” he said suddenly. “Jack, the way you’ve been treating me is wrong. I’ve never had anyone speak to me that way. As a pro

15、fessional, it’s wrong for me to allow it to continue,” I said. Jack smiled nervously, “Susan, I make you a promise that I will be a friend. I will treat you as you deserve to be treated, with respect and kindness.” Jack avoided me the rest of the week, and never questioned my work again. I brought

16、cookies to the office one day and left some on his desk. Another day I left a note: ”Hope your day is going great. ” Over the next few weeks, there were no more Jack episodes. One year later I discovered I had breast cancer, and was scared. The statistics were not great for my long-term survival.

17、One day, however, Jack visited me in the hospital and silently handed me a bundle with several bulbs inside. “Tulips(郁金香),” he said. I smiled, not understanding. “If you plant them when you get home, they’ll come up next spring. I think you will be there to see them when they come up. Next spring yo

18、u will see the colours I picked out for you.” Tears clouded my eyes and he left. I have seen those red and white striped（有條紋的） tulips push through the soil every spring for over ten years now. This past September the doctor declared me cured. At a moment when I was praying for just the right word, a

19、 man with very few words said all the right things. After all, that’s what friends do. 31. Jack became angry that day because__________. A. he was feeling unwell B. Susan had failed to keep his office clean C. he felt Susan changed too much about the papers D. Susan had changed something withou

20、t his permission 32. Susan stormed into jack’s office to tell Jack that__________. A. he wasn’t worthy of respect B. he should apologize to her right away C. she would treat him the way he treated her D. one should show others respect and kindness 33. Which of the following describes Susan? A

21、. Moody but firm. B. Shy and demanding C. Confident and friendly. D. Tough and troublesome. A. Jack cares about his employees 34. From the passage, we can conclude that__________. B. Jack gets along well with his employees C. Jack is always particular about his work D. Jack doesn’t care abou

22、t the feelings of others 35. We can infer from the passage that__________. A. a friend in need is a friend in deed B. a few words can be as meaningful as many C. a friend who says little must be a good friend D. we must treat disrespectful people with disrespect D D. My family and I lived ac

23、ross the street from Southway Park since I was four years old. Then just last year they city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing (用推土機(jī)推平) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment complex. When I saw the fence and bulldozers, I asked myself, “Why don’t they just l

24、eave it alone?” Looking back, I think what sentenced the part to oblivion (別遺忘) was the drought (旱災(zāi)) we had about four years ago. Up until then, Southway Park was a nice green park with plenty of trees and a public swimming pool. My friends and I rollerskated on the sidewalks, climbed the tress, an

25、d swam in the pool all the years I was growing up. The park was almost like my own yard. Then the summer I was fifteen the drought came and things changed. There had been almost no rain at all that year. The city stopped watering the park grass. Within a few weeks I found myself living across the s

26、treet from a huge brown desert. Leaves fell off the park tress, and pretty soon the trees started dying, too. Next, the park swimming pool was closed. The city cut down on the work force that kept the park, and pretty soon it just got too ugly and dirty to enjoy anymore. As the drought lasted into

27、the fall, the park got worse every month. The rubbish piled up or blew across the brown grass. Soon the only people in the park were beggars and other people down on their luck. People said drugs were being sold or traded there now. The park had gotten scary, and my mother told us kids not to go the

28、re anymore. The drought finally ended and things seemed to get back to normal, that is, everything but the park. It had gotten into such bad shape that the city just let it stay that way. Then about six months ago I heard that the city was going to “redevelop” certain worn-out areas of the city. It

29、 turned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park, sell the land and let someone build rows of apartment buildings on it. The chain-link fencing and the bulldozers did their work. Now we live across the street from six rows of apartment buildings. Each of them is three units high and str

30、etches a block in each direction. The neighborhood has changed without the park. The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now. Things will never be the same again. Sometimes I wonder, though, what changes another drought would make in the way things are today. 53. How did the writer feel

31、when he saw the fence and bulldozers? A. Scared. B. Confused. C. Upset. D. Curious. 54. Why was the writer told not to go to the park by his mother? A. It was being rebuilt. B. It was dangerous. C. It because crowded. D. It had turned into a

32、desert. 55. According to the writer, what eventually brought about the disappearance of the park? A. The drought. B. The crime. C. The beggars and the rubbish. D. The decisions of the city. 56. The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came, ______

33、. A. the situation would be much worse B. people would have to desert their homes C. the city would be fully prepared in advance D. the city would have to redevelop the neighborhood A 【要點綜述】本文主要講述的是壓力對人做出決定的影響以及男女在面對壓力時決定方式的不同。 64. A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“In both cases, the stressed participants re

34、membered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress.”可知A為正確答案。 65. A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題和實驗內(nèi)容，可知作者要說明的是“The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.”(第二段)。所以選A。 66. D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

35、根據(jù)文章第七段“Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way.”可知D為正確選項。 B 31.【答案】D 32.【答案】A 33.【答案】C 34.【答案】B C 【文章大意】本文主要為我們講述了作者和Jack之間由開始的沖突不斷，到后來作者患癌后Jack 對她的鼓勵，才發(fā)現(xiàn)Jack 是一個真正的朋友。 31【答案】D 【 解析】根據(jù)

36、文章中“Next time you want to change anything, ask me first,” he said, and left. I had made just one small change.可知答案為D。 32【答案】D 【 解析】Susan 沖到Jack 的辦公室是覺得Jack對她太沒有禮貌，不尊重她。 33【答案】C 【 解析】A.易怒但倔強(qiáng)；B.害羞且苛求C.自信，友好D.堅韌，愛惹麻煩。根據(jù)文意可知答案為C。 34【答案】A 【 解析】結(jié)合全文可知Jack 其實是一個關(guān)心同事的人。這一點可以從作者生病后Jack 的表現(xiàn)看出。 35【答案】B

37、 【 解析】根據(jù)文章中最后一句a man with very few words said all the right things. After all, that’s what friends do.可知答案為B。 D 本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。 53答案：C 考點：： 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段敘述了解到作者從四歲開始住在Southway Park對面。從第二段了解到作者小時候和朋友在公園里玩耍。而現(xiàn)在公園被圍了起來，事實上，作者是很失望、沮喪，自己不能去玩了，而且樹都被砍掉了。 54答案：B 考點：： 解析：推理判斷題。仔細(xì)閱讀第四段，可以了解到，公園被廢棄了，里面住著流浪漢，甚至有人販毒，所以母親叮囑我們不要去那里，因為危險。 55答案：D 考點：： 解析：推理判斷題。從第五段，可以明顯的了解到：干旱結(jié)束了，但是政府仍然對公園不管不問，而是要重新規(guī)劃這塊廢棄地，在作者眼中是“the city had planned to get rid of the park”。故選擇D。 56答案：A 考點：： 解析：推理判斷題。最后一段作者描述了目前自己居住的街道的變化，變得更加擁擠了。從而作者有了另一種思考：如果再來一次干旱，是否會造成如這次干旱一樣的一些變化。從而可推測作者是隱射，環(huán)境會變的更加糟糕。