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1、. B. Questions on Structure and Style:1. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic subject, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. Logic may be an interesting subject. The writer is exaggerating for the sake of humor. The write
2、r employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid, dramatic and colorful. The lexical spectrum is colorful from the ultra learned terms used by the conceited narrator to the infra clipped vulgar forms of Polly Espy. He uses figurative language profusely and also grammatic inver
3、sion for special emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story. This mix adds to the realism of the story.2. The topic sentence of paragraph 47 is : He was a torn man. The writer develops the idea expressed in t
4、he topic sentence by describing vividly how hard it is for Petey Burch to choose between his girlfriend and raccoon coat. Being very observant and superbly to illustrative examples to develop the theme, the writer successfully to brings forth the scene in which Petey Burchs desire for the raccoon co
5、at waxes and his resolution not to give his girlfriend wanes. The reader can easily come to the conclusion that it is hard and painful decision for him to make.3. The narrator refers to Pygmalion and Frankenstein because just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he fashioned, the narrator loved Poll
6、y Espy, who he had fashioned according to his plan. However, when he begged Pollys love, he was rejected. He got same result as Frankenstein, who created a monster that destroyed him. In this sense, these allusion are chosen aptly. The whole thing backfired on the narrator when Polly employed all th
7、e “l(fā)ogical fallacies” she had been taught to reject his offer. The end of story finds that the narrator has got what he deserves. He has been too clever for his own.4. An example of simileMy brain was as powerful as dynamo,as precise as a chemists scales, as penetrating as a scalpel.(comparing his b
8、rain to three different things)(para. 1) An example of metaphorThere follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond lambs frontier.(comparing the limitation set by lamb to a frontier)(authors note) An example of hyperboleIt is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect.(hyperbole fo
9、r effect)(para. 2) An example of metonymyOtherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.(Otherwise you have committed a logical fallacy called a “Dicto Simpliciter”.)(para. 70) An example of antithesisIt is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make a ugly smart girl beaut
10、iful.(“beautiful, dumb and smart” are balanced against “ugly, smart and beautiful”)(para.24)5. Colloquialisms and used in the text: dumb, pin-up, kid, go steady, date, casual kick, well-heeled, laughs, terrific, magnificent, mad, call it a night, yummy, fire away. Darn. Slang used in the text: nothi
11、ng upstairs, keen, dal, knock (oneself) out, dreamy, how cute,rat, knot head, jitterbug.6. A freshman at a law school is made the narrator of the whole stroy. Its from his point of view that the stroy is told. Since the whole stroy is presented as his personal experiences, we the readers tend to rel
12、y on what narrator tells us. Paraphrase 1. He is a nice enough young fellow, you know, but he is empty-headed.2. A passing fashion or craze, in my opinion, shoes a complete lack of reason.3. I ought to have known that raccoon coat would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popul
13、ar in the 1920s, came back4. All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you dont know?5. My brain, which is a precision instrument, began to work at a high speed.6. Except for one thing (intelligence) polly had all other requirements.7. She was not as beautiful as tho
14、se girls in posters but i felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.8. In fact, she was in the opposite direction, that is, she is not intelligent but rather stupid.9. If you are no longer involved with her (if you stop dating her) others would be free to compete to get her as a gi
15、rlfriend.10. His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away polly become weaker.11. To teach her to think appeared to be rather big task.12. One must admit the outcom
16、e does not look very hopeful, but i decided to try one more time.13. There is a limit to what any human being can bear.14. I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but i turned out to be Frankenstein because polly(the result/product of my hard work) ultimately rejected me and
17、ruined my plan.15. Desperately i tried to stop the feeling of panic that was overwhelming me. Practice with words and expressionsA. 1. dynamo: a machine that changes some other form of power directly into electricity2. flight : fleeing or running away from3. Charleston: a lively dance in 4/4 time, c
18、haracterized by a twisting step and popular during the 1920s4. shed: cast off or lose hair5. in the swim: conforming to the current fashions or active in the main current of affairs6. practice: the exercise of a profession of occupation7. pinup: (American colloquialism)designating a girl whose sexua
19、l attractiveness makes her a subject for the kind of pictures often pinned up on walls8. makings: the material or qualities needed for the making or development of something9. carriage: manner of carrying the head and body; physical posture bearing: way of carrying oneself; manner 10. go steady: (Am
20、erican colloquialism)date someone of the opposite sex regularly and exclusively; be sweethearts 11. out of the picture: not considered as involved in a situation12. deposit: (facetious)put，lay or set down13. brief: a concise statement of the main points of a law case, usually filed by counsel for th
21、e information of the court 14. 1etup: stopping; relaxingB.1 fashion和fad均為名詞。fashion主要指某人，尤其指文學(xué)、藝術(shù)界或社會(huì)上流人物在某一特定場(chǎng)合或時(shí)間內(nèi)穿衣、講話等方面的姿態(tài)或習(xí)慣。fad指由某種感情引起的一時(shí)的愛好或者一時(shí)流行的風(fēng)尚。2 incredulous和incredible均為形容詞。incredulous是“不輕易相信的”、“表示懷疑的”的意思，指對(duì)某人的能力或意志力持懷疑和不相信態(tài)度。incredible是“不可相信的”意思，指某件事不平凡或不大可能存在，因而表示懷疑或不可相信。3 passion和e
22、agerness均為名詞。passion指一種強(qiáng)烈的愿望或感情，這種愿望或感情往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種不可抗拒的或者 必然的結(jié)果。eagerness意即“渴望”或“熱情”，但往往含有不耐煩的意味。4 feeling和emotion均是名詞。feeling在沒有上下文限制的時(shí)候，往往指人們?cè)谥饔^上反映的一種高興或不高興的感覺或感情。emotion指由于精神上或身體上受到外界某種刺激而引起的一種強(qiáng)烈的情感或情緒。5 reveal和show均為動(dòng)詞。reveal指公開或揭露某種秘密或隱蔽的東西，好像是揭開一種掩飾物似的。show指某種事物或者東西“展現(xiàn)”在眼前，以便能看得到和看得清。6 tempt和incli
23、ne均為動(dòng)詞。tempt意為“引誘”、“誘惑”，指一種強(qiáng)有力的誘惑，這種誘惑能克服對(duì)某一事物的顧忌或推斷。incline意為“傾向于”、“有的傾向”，指對(duì)某事物或行動(dòng)或多或少表現(xiàn)出一種暖昧的心理傾向。7 exasperation和disappointment均為名詞。exasperation指使某人忍無(wú)可忍或者使某人失去自控力的強(qiáng)烈憤怒或生氣。disappointment意為“失望”、“失意”，指某人對(duì)某件事情感到?jīng)]希望或失去信心。8 exasperation和disappointment均為名詞。exasperation指使某人忍無(wú)可忍或者使某人失去自控力的強(qiáng)烈憤怒或生氣。disappoin
24、tment意為“失望”、“失意”，指某人對(duì)某件事情感到?jīng)]希望或失去信心。9 amusement和merriment均為名詞。amusement意為“娛樂”、“消遣”，指一種令人愉快的精神消遣，尤其是某種幽默的事物或談笑使人感到很有樂趣。merriment意為“愉快”、“歡樂”，指充滿趣味和笑聲的某種事物。10 1anguish和suffer均為動(dòng)詞。languish指由于渴望而苦惱或遭受痛苦。suffer指由于傷害、悲痛或損失等原因而被迫遭受、蒙受痛苦或不愉快的事情。C.1 這幾個(gè)詞都是形容詞，指人的智力或感覺等方面具有較高的靈敏性或靈活性。keen指在智力或感覺、視覺、聽覺等五官方面是敏銳的
25、或敏捷的，尤指具有解決復(fù)雜或疑難問題的特殊能力。 acute意為“敏銳的”，指具有觀察到別人沒有注意到的某種意義、感情、意見、顏色、音調(diào)等的細(xì)微差別的能力，也指具有某種非常敏銳的神經(jīng)注意力，這種注意力持續(xù)的時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)。 astute意為“敏銳的”、“精明的”、“聰明的”，指對(duì)某領(lǐng)域或某學(xué)科有很深的造詣或者有一定的體驗(yàn)的能力或洞察力。perspicacious在這些單詞中最為正式的用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)具有高度的洞察力。 calculating意為“精明的”，“精于算計(jì)的”，尤指會(huì)打小算盤。2 intelligent指具有善于從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)或領(lǐng)會(huì)或?qū)π率挛镅杆僮鞒龇磻?yīng)的能力。 clever意為“聰明的”，“伶俐
26、的”，指善于理解、善于學(xué)習(xí)，但有時(shí)含有“不夠深入”的意思。bright和smart比較口語(yǔ)化，一般可代替前面幾個(gè)詞中的任何一個(gè)。 brilliant意為“英明的”，指具有非凡的智力或理解力。D.1. The fallacy of unqualified generalization or a Dicto Simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid. 2. The fallacy of Hasty Generalization. 3. The fallacy of post hoe, ergo propter hoc. 4. The fallacy of Hypothesis Contrary to Fact. 5. The fallacy of post hoc, ergo propter hoe. 6. The fallacy of Ad Misericordiam. 7. The fallacy of unqualified generalization or a Dicto Simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid. 8. The fallacy of Hasty Generalization.
高英Uint 4 Love is a fallacy 課后練習(xí)答案
