2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪 語(yǔ)法專題14 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)01 譯林牛津版
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1、2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪 語(yǔ)法專題14 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)01 譯林牛津版 高考預(yù)練 從A、B、C、D中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。(20分) 1. Readers can _______ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through 2. - Do you think it's going to rain over weekend? - _______ . A. I don't believe B. I
2、 don't believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 3. _______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 4. - Nancy is not ing tonight. - But she _______ ! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 5. Cleaning
3、 women in big cities usually get _______ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 6. -Why haven't you bought any butter? - I _______ to but I forgot about it. A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected 7. _______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
4、 A. It B As C. That D. What 8. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which 9. -I'm sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. -There's no _______ for this while you are on duty. A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explana
5、tion 10. It's not rare that in _______ people in _______ are going to university for further education. A. 90s; the fifties B. the 90s; fifties C. 90s; their fifties D. the 90s; their fifties 11. -How many people voted for him? -About 80 percent of those _______ . A. people present
6、 B. present people C. people presented D. presented people 12. -How can I learn English well? -I think reading more is the best way _______ your English. A. improving B. to improve C. of improving D. both B and C 13. Broadly speaking, I would agree with Shirley, though not _______ . A.
7、 entirely B. extensively C. widely D. thoroughly 14. I wonder how he _______ that to his father. A. dares say B. dared say C. dare say D. dare to say 15. -Can I use your bike? -I'm sorry, because I'll have to _______ . A. get it to repair B. have it to be repaired C. get it repaired
8、D. have it repair 16. Please think of a situation _______ the word can be used. A. when B. that C. where D. on which 17. The question of drug-taking is to _______ at the next conference. A. e true B. e across C. e to D. e up 18. -How did the accident happen? -I was walking along the side
9、way. A car gave off _______ light. I can't see the way clearly. A. far too much B. far much too C. much too far D. too far much 19. I came here for nothing else but to see you _______ . A. purpose B. in purpose C. on purpose D. to the purpose 20. Hearing what she said, he was so excite
10、d that he couldn't _______ down. A. calm B. turn C. put D. quiet 參考答案 I.1-5 CDABC 6-10 CBDBD 11-15 ADABC 16-20 CDACA 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其意義和句法作用,可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四大類。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又稱行為動(dòng)詞,為表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ),實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩類。英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)通常由動(dòng)詞加介詞、副詞、名詞等構(gòu)成,在句中起動(dòng)詞的作用。高考設(shè)題時(shí)往往都是給出四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)測(cè)試
11、考生在具體語(yǔ)境中對(duì)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞意的辨析及其理解和運(yùn)用能力。主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇及完形填空中。 考點(diǎn)一 常用動(dòng)詞辨析 1.a(chǎn)dvise,persuade,suggest advise用作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“勸告,忠告,建議”,強(qiáng)調(diào)提醒或引起注意;persuade表示“說(shuō)服”,強(qiáng)調(diào)勸說(shuō)成功,主要搭配是:persuade sb.to do sth.說(shuō)服某人做某事(相當(dāng)于persuade sb.into doing sth.);如表示勸說(shuō)但不一定成功,則使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。suggest用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“建議”,后接
12、名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。 2.bring,take,carry,fetch bring“帶來(lái),拿來(lái),取來(lái)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從別處帶人或物到說(shuō)話人所在地。 take“拿走,帶走”,強(qiáng)調(diào)把人或物從說(shuō)話者身邊帶走,方向與bring相反。 fetch“去拿來(lái),去取來(lái)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從甲地出發(fā)到乙地取物或人后,又回到甲地,相當(dāng)于go and bring。 carry“攜帶,搬運(yùn),運(yùn)送”,強(qiáng)調(diào)用人力或車輛把人或物從一地運(yùn)到另一地。 3.win,beat,defeat win表示“贏得,戰(zhàn)勝”時(shí),賓語(yǔ)多是比賽項(xiàng)目等。win sb.則指“贏得人心”
13、。 beat/defeat意為“打敗,擊敗”,其賓語(yǔ)只能是人或由人組成的機(jī)構(gòu)。如:beat sb.打敗某人;defeat their team/ the country/the enemy擊敗了他們的隊(duì)/國(guó)家/敵人。 beat多用于表示在比賽或爭(zhēng)論中戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手;defeat多用于在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中打敗對(duì)手。 4.believe,believe in believe表示“相信,認(rèn)為”,側(cè)重于相信某人說(shuō)的話或所做事情的真實(shí)性,其后可跟名詞、代詞、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或賓語(yǔ)從句。 believe in表示“相信,信任,信仰,信奉”,其后常接真理、宗教、原則之類的名詞。 You should believ
14、e in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day. 你應(yīng)該相信自己,并且相信某天你將會(huì)成功的。 5.book,order 二者都有“訂購(gòu),預(yù)訂”之意,但book指訂各種“票,座位”;而order指“餐館訂飯、菜,定做衣服,訂貨”等,常用結(jié)構(gòu):place an order for sth.with sb.向某人訂購(gòu)某物。對(duì)比:book a ticket/two seats/a double room訂一張票/兩個(gè)座位/一個(gè)雙人間;order four dishes/ lunch要四個(gè)菜/訂好午飯。 He booked a ta
15、ble for four and ordered six dishes. 他訂了一張四人桌,并且要了六個(gè)菜。 6.choose,select,elect choose表示“選擇,挑選”,有時(shí)也表示“推選,選舉”,但一般表示范圍很小、普通的選擇,沒(méi)有elect正式。 select表示“(精心地)挑選,選定”,具有“精選”之意。 elect表示“選舉”,指較大范圍的正式的選舉。 7.disturb,interrupt disturb是及物動(dòng)詞,有“打擾,擾亂,使人心神不安”之意。常用短語(yǔ):disturb the sleeping child/one's plan/the public
16、 peace打擾睡覺(jué)的孩子/打亂計(jì)劃/擾亂社會(huì)治安;be mentally disturbed精神上受到影響;be disturbed about對(duì)……感到不安。 interrupt有“打斷,打擾”之意,側(cè)重打斷。常用短語(yǔ):interrupt the supplies中斷供應(yīng);interrupt one's speech打斷演講。 8.hurt,injure,wound,harm hurt是一般用語(yǔ),指精神或肉體上受到的傷害,有較強(qiáng)烈的“疼痛”意味; injure比hurt更正式,常指意外事故對(duì)身體或精神上的“損害,損傷”; wound主要指外界暴力引起身體創(chuàng)傷,尤指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中受的刀、槍
17、、劍等傷; harm指對(duì)人的肉體或精神帶來(lái)傷害,特指?jìng)耙粋€(gè)人或其心態(tài)、健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等,使之產(chǎn)生痛苦、損失或任何不幸遭遇。 He was injured in the car accident and his leg still hurts now. 9.miss,lose miss意為“未能趕上(抓?。?,錯(cuò)過(guò),失去,漏掉”。而lose意為“丟失,迷失方向,迷路”。 He missed the early bus.What's worse,his key to the car was lost. 10.fit,be fit for,be fit to,suit fit用作及物
18、或不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“(衣服等)合適,使合身”;be fit for是形容詞短語(yǔ),表示“適合的,能勝任的”,for后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞;be fit to表示“適合,能勝任”,to是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào),后接動(dòng)詞原形。suit指顏色、款式的“適合”,而fit指尺寸、大小的“合適”。 11.save,spare save意為“儲(chǔ)蓄,節(jié)省”,指把錢、時(shí)間及其他東西儲(chǔ)蓄起來(lái)以備將來(lái)用,或指節(jié)省東西,避免浪費(fèi),也指“救命”。而spare意為“省”,指細(xì)心地省下或節(jié)省錢、時(shí)間、力氣等,常表示省出一部分以留作他用。 12.seat,sit seat是及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“使坐下”,可以接人作賓語(yǔ),還可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)
19、態(tài)。常見(jiàn)搭配有:seat sb.使某人坐下;seat oneself自己坐下;be seated=sit down坐好。而sit是不及物動(dòng)詞,不能帶賓語(yǔ)。 考點(diǎn)二 考查同根介詞或副詞動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析 使用頻率較高的這類動(dòng)詞有:call,cut,e,go,get,go,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。常見(jiàn)的介詞或副詞有:in,off,out,up,away,for,on,over等。 1.動(dòng)詞+ away構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有: throw away扔掉;put away把……收拾好;give away捐贈(zèng),分發(fā);carry away運(yùn)走;run aw
20、ay 潛逃,跑開;go away 走開。 2.動(dòng)詞+ for構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有: answer for負(fù)責(zé);provide for供給;call for要求;plan for打算,為……計(jì)劃;hope for希望,期待;ask for索取,尋找;send for派人去請(qǐng);go for努力獲??;pay for償還,賠償;wait for等待;look for尋找。 3.動(dòng)詞+on構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有: try on試穿,試驗(yàn);put on穿上,上演;have on穿著,戴著;pull on穿,戴;hold on不掛斷,堅(jiān)持,繼續(xù);carry on繼續(xù)開展,堅(jiān)持;keep on繼續(xù);go on繼
21、續(xù);get on上(車);e on趕快。 4.動(dòng)詞+over構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有: e over過(guò)來(lái);hand over移交;go over仔細(xì)檢查,復(fù)習(xí);get over克服,恢復(fù);look over檢查;think over仔細(xì)考慮;take over接受,接管;hand over 移交;turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)。 5.動(dòng)詞+ up構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有: bring up撫育,培養(yǎng);call up召喚,打電話給;e up走上前來(lái),長(zhǎng)出;cut up切碎;fix up修理;give up放棄;go up 上升,增長(zhǎng);grow up 長(zhǎng)大;look up尊敬,向上看,查尋;make up虛構(gòu),彌
22、補(bǔ),組成;put up舉起,搭建;pick up 撿起,(開車)接某人,偶然得到;set up建立,創(chuàng)(紀(jì)錄);send up發(fā)射;show up 揭露,露面;turn up出現(xiàn),把……調(diào)高一點(diǎn);take up占據(jù),開始從事。 6.動(dòng)詞+out構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有: e out出來(lái);go out出去,熄滅;look out留神,當(dāng)心;walk out走出;set out出發(fā),開始;put out撲滅,生產(chǎn);give out發(fā)出,發(fā)表;hand out分發(fā);pick out挑選;find out找出,發(fā)現(xiàn);speak out大聲地說(shuō);turn out生產(chǎn),結(jié)果是;get out出去,離開;wor
23、k out計(jì)算出,解決,實(shí)行,行得通;carry out實(shí)行,執(zhí)行;bring out出版;start out 出發(fā),動(dòng)身。 考點(diǎn)三 常見(jiàn)同根動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析 1.bring bring in引進(jìn),掙得;bring about引起,導(dǎo)致;bring up養(yǎng)育,培養(yǎng),嘔吐,提出;bring out使展現(xiàn),推出(書、唱片等);bring down降低,使倒下;bring back把……帶回來(lái),使憶起,使恢復(fù);bring forth結(jié)果,生產(chǎn),產(chǎn)生;bring forward提出,提前;bring off圓滿完成(困難之事);bring on惹來(lái)(壞的結(jié)果),加速。 2.break break
24、 down崩潰,瓦解,垮掉,失敗,(化學(xué))分解,(公共場(chǎng)所)失去理智;break up打碎,(物理)分解,分開,分成(幾部分),結(jié)束,制止;break through逾越,突破,沖破;break away(from)掙脫,脫離;break out爆發(fā);break in破門而入;break off折斷,中斷;break into進(jìn)入建筑物以便行竊,突然發(fā)出或開始,打擾。 3.e e about發(fā)生;e out結(jié)果出來(lái),出版,泄露,開花;e across偶遇,被理解;e true變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí);e up走上前,被提出,長(zhǎng)出地面,走近,升起;e up with產(chǎn)生,發(fā)現(xiàn)(解決辦法、答案等);e alo
25、ng一起來(lái);e to總計(jì),清醒過(guò)來(lái)。 4.give give up放棄;give in屈服,呈交;give out 用盡,耗盡,分發(fā),公布,發(fā)表,發(fā)出;give away露馬腳,頒發(fā),贈(zèng)送,送掉,捐贈(zèng);give off發(fā)出。 5.go go against違背,與……不符,對(duì)……不利;go without勉強(qiáng)維持,湊合,go in for愛(ài)好,參加,從事;go by過(guò)去,依據(jù),按照;go on繼續(xù),發(fā)生;go over復(fù)習(xí),仔細(xì)審查,走近;go ahead 進(jìn)行;go through 從頭到尾地閱讀,經(jīng)歷;go away走開,外出度假,消失;go for去取來(lái)或接來(lái),爭(zhēng)取得到;go o
26、ut出去,熄滅,過(guò)時(shí)。 6.keep keep away(from)使遠(yuǎn)離;keep back 扣除,保留,隱瞞不講;keep off 避開;keep on繼續(xù);keep out 擋在外邊,(警示語(yǔ))請(qǐng)勿靠近;keep up保持,不低落,持續(xù),繼續(xù);keep up with跟上;keep down抑制(以防其增長(zhǎng))。 7.look look ahead向前看;look about環(huán)顧;look after照看,負(fù)責(zé)處理;look back回憶,回顧;look out 當(dāng)心,找出;look on旁觀;look up 向上看,查閱,形勢(shì)好轉(zhuǎn),看望;look down upon看不起;lo
27、ok forward to盼望;look through翻閱;look into調(diào)查,向內(nèi)看;look round尋找,邊走邊看,觀光。 8.put put back放回原處,撥回,阻礙,推遲;put down平定,鎮(zhèn)壓,記下;put away將事物放置于慣常保存之處,儲(chǔ)蓄;put forward提出(計(jì)劃、建議),撥快,提前;put off延期;put on穿戴,上映;put out撲滅,生產(chǎn);put up舉起,張貼;put up with容忍。 9.take take in吸收;take for 誤認(rèn)為;take out 拿出;take down 放下;take up從事,拿起,占
28、據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間);take off 飛機(jī)起飛,脫下,休假,成功;take by攻占;take after像;take along 隨身攜帶;take away帶走,拿走,使離去;take back 收回(說(shuō)錯(cuò)的話),退回(所購(gòu)商品);take charge 負(fù)責(zé),掌管;take on呈現(xiàn),雇傭;take out拿出,帶……出去;take over 接管,接任;take place發(fā)生。 10.turn turn against轉(zhuǎn)而反對(duì),使與……為敵;turn back折回,掉轉(zhuǎn)頭;turn away轉(zhuǎn)身,走開,打發(fā)走;turn out結(jié)果是,關(guān)上(電燈),趕出,生產(chǎn),制造;turn down 拒絕,調(diào)??;turn off 關(guān)掉;turn over翻過(guò)來(lái),移交;turn in 上交(作業(yè)等),拐入;turn into變成,翻譯;turn on打開,取決于;turn to求助于,翻到;turn up調(diào)大,出現(xiàn)。
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