2022年高中英語《unit1 Friendship》第四課Period 4 Grammar導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版必修1

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1、2022年高中英語《unit1 Friendship》第四課Period 4 Grammar導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版必修1 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)： Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (I): statements and questions. 【知識導(dǎo)學(xué)】 直接引語 間接引語 陳述句 一般疑問句 特殊疑問句 【知識運(yùn)用】 一、將所給直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，每空一詞： 1. “I am having supper,” he said. He said that _______ _______ having supper. 2. “I’ve se

2、en the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister. 4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.” The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than t

3、he moon. 5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me. He told me that he _______ met her the day _________________. 【三“點(diǎn)”探究】 對于直接引語和間接引語的掌握，我們可以遵循這樣一個(gè)原則：一個(gè)概念，兩種形式，三種句型，四種變化。 1. 一個(gè)概念：直接引述別人的原話為_______引語。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話為________引語。 2. 兩種形式：直接引語前后______引號，間接引語_______引號。 “I want a new cup. said Anne. (直

4、) Anne said that she wanted a new cup. (間) 3. 三種句型：陳述句、疑問句和祈使句。 4. 四種變化：人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、語序和狀語。 一、陳述句 The man said，“I am very poor.”→The man said that he was very poor. He said, “I’m from America.” →He said that he was from America. 通過閱讀以上句子發(fā)現(xiàn)：直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由連詞___________引導(dǎo)并且它在口語中可以省略。 二、疑問句 1. He

5、asked me,“Are you interested in English?” →He asked me whether/if I was interested in English. She asked Tom，“Can you help me?” →She asked Tom if/whether he could help her. 通過閱讀以上句子發(fā)現(xiàn)：直接引語是一般疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由連詞_____或_____引導(dǎo),并用__________語序 2. “What do you want?” he asked me. → He asked me what I wa

6、nted. “How did you repair it?” he asked me.→ He asked me how I had repaired it. 通過閱讀以上句子發(fā)現(xiàn)：直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由_________________引導(dǎo)。 直接引語是一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)要把疑問句的語序變?yōu)開________語序。 三、直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)的四種變化 1.直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，要注意人稱的變化。對于人稱的變化，可記住下面的順口溜：“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新?！? 1)“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果直接引語中的主語是第一人稱或

7、被第一人稱所修飾，在間接引語中，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱而變化。 She said，“My brother wants to go with me.”→She said ______ brother wanted to go with her. 2)“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，若直接引語中的主語及賓語是第二人稱，或被第二人稱所修飾，在間接引語中，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱。 He asked Kate，“How is your sister now？”→He asked Kate how _____ sister

8、was then. 3)“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果直接引語中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，在間接引語中，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。 Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”→Mr. Smith said _______ was a good worker. 2．直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，主句的謂語動詞如果是過去時(shí)，從句(即間接引語部分)的謂語動詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要做相應(yīng)的變化。變化如下： 指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動詞的變化 項(xiàng)目 直接引語 間接引語 指示代詞 this that these th

9、ose 時(shí)間狀語 now then today that day this week(month, etc.) that week(month, etc.) yesterday the day before last week (month, etc.) the week(month, etc.) before three days (a year, etc.)ago three days (a year, etc.)before tomorrow the next (following) day next week(month, etc.) the next

10、 (following) week (month, etc.) 地點(diǎn)狀語 here there 動詞 e/bring go/take 注意:如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,here不必改為there; e也不必改為go。如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,則today, yesterday, tomorrow等狀語也不必變化。 John said to me, “I told her all about it three days ago.” →John said to me that he had told her all about it three days before. 注意：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語

11、時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不發(fā)生變化的情況： 1)主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。 He says，“I am very happy.”→He says that he _____very happy. 2)直接引語表達(dá)的是習(xí)慣性動作,客觀事實(shí),諺語和格言或科學(xué)真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，”the teacher told me. →The teacher told me the earth ___________ aro

12、und the sun and the moon moves around the earth. 3)直接引語中有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。 Tom said，“I was born on April 21,1980.”→Tom said he _______ born on April 21,1980. 4)主句謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí),間接引語中的動詞可保持原來的時(shí)態(tài)。 He says, “I had a good time last night.”→ He says he _______ a good time the night before. ●溫馨貼士: 知識

13、結(jié)構(gòu)圖解如下: 【拓展提升】 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1) Tom said that they could go there together. →Tom said,“　　　　 　　　　e here together.”? 2) The teacher said, “You must go quickly, Tom!” →The teacher asked 　　　　　　　　　　　　quickly.? 3) Jane asked, “Is anybody seeing you off today?” →Jane asked 　　　　　　　　　　　　seeing 　　　　off 　　　

14、　　　　　.? 4) He said, “The earth goes around the sun.” →He said that the earth 　　　　around the sun.? 5) “Would you like to go to the movie with me?” Tom asked his sister. →Tom asked his sister 　　　　　　　　would like to go to the movie with 　　　　.? 6) He said, “I’m afraid I can’t finish the work before

15、dark.” →He said _________________afraid _________________finish the work before dark. 7) My American friend Mary said, “The second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day.” My American friend Mary said _______ the second Sunday in May is Mother ______ Day. 【知識導(dǎo)學(xué)】 直接引語 間接引語 陳述句 用連詞that引導(dǎo),that可以省略 一般

16、疑問句 用連詞if或whether引導(dǎo),said改為asked 其后還可以加sb,句子用陳述語序 特殊疑問句 用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo),句子用陳述語序 【知識運(yùn)用】 1. he, was。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，代詞I要變?yōu)閔e；主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語從句通常要將時(shí)態(tài)往后推一個(gè)，即現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am having變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)was having。 2. told, had, seen。直接引語中的said to sb在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)應(yīng)改為told sb；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have seen改為過去完成時(shí)had seen。 3. she, had, gone。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱

17、代詞I 應(yīng)變?yōu)閟he；一般過去時(shí)went改為過去完成時(shí)had gone。 4. is。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，若直接引語為客觀真理，則變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。 5. had, before。直接引語是一般過去時(shí)met，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)應(yīng)改為過去完成時(shí)had met；時(shí)間狀語yesterday應(yīng)改為the day before(from zkenglish)。 【三“點(diǎn)”探究】 1. 直接 間接 2. 加 不加 一、that 二、1 疑問句 if/whether 陳述 2. 原句中的特殊疑問詞 陳述 三、1. 1) her 2) her 3) Jack 2. 1) is 2) moves 3) was 4)had 【拓展提升】 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1) We can　 2)Tom to go 　 3)if/whether somebody was; me; that day　 4)goes　 5)if/whether she; him; 6) that he was he couldn’t 7) that is ?