單片機(jī) 電氣工程及其自動化 外文翻譯 外文文獻(xiàn) 英文文獻(xiàn) 單片機(jī)的休眠運算復(fù)位和抗干擾能力完善

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1、英文資料 Single-Chip Microcomputer dormancy computing reset and the anti-interference ability is perfect Abstract: Introduce a kind of dormancy of using- restore to the throne in the operation way and improve the anti-interference ability method of the one-chip computer,Analyse its scope of applicati

2、on, provide and use the circuit concretely; Combine the instance, analyze the characteristic of the hardware and software design under these kind of operation way. Keyword: Single-Chip Microcomputer Restore to the throne, dormancy, anti-interference Preface: With the development at full speed

3、of the micro electric technique, the performance of the one-chip computer improves rapidly, demonstrate the outstanding advantage in the operation, logic control, intelligent respect, replaced and enlarged the measuring that the circuit made up, control circuit by digital logical circuit, operation

4、originally to a great extent, use very extensively. But because it have system halted, procedure run critical defect of flying etc, make it limit in a lot of important application of occasion. A lot of technology in anti-interference , for example set up the software trap, add the hardware to guard

5、the gate in dog's circuit etc, can make this problem have better settlement, but still the existing problem: ① Guard the gate dog at the movement, mean and appear mistake already and run some time, this is not allowed in some occasions; ②Procedure appear circulation mistake very much sometimes, but

6、just guard the gate dog control link include and enter, adopt and guard the gate as to such a mistake dog unable to discern; ③ In measure and control cycle among the long system, one-chip computer spend wait for the peripheral hardware a large amount of time, will be interfered too when carry out an

7、d wait for the order. To these situations, we have tried the method restored to the throne voluntarily in practice, alternate pulse of adopting etc or restore to the throne waking according to external terms to the one-chip computer up. After being restored to the throne each time, the one-chip comp

8、uter carries out the corresponding procedure, enters dormancy in time after finishing carrying out the task, wait to be restored to the throne neatly. Have solved above-mentioned problems well with this method, and has got better result in the agricultural voltage transformer comprehensive protector

9、 experiment. Now take 51 serial one-chip computers as an example and probe into the concrete principle and implementation method, restored to the throne the signal as the high level. 1 A principle and implementation method 1.1 Unconditional regular reset Use timer, special clock chip or other

10、pulse generator in a certain part of the regular produce reset signal. This method is especially suited for measuring instrument; this kind of method is especially suitable for the measuring instrument. In not running actually, sample the analog quantity of introduction with A/D converter often, the

11、n store showing. This course is very fast, but steady for reading, the data per second are only upgraded 1 -2 times, a large amount of time of CPU is used for waiting. Let CPU carry out and enter dormancy directly after the task , restore to the throne and wake by external world up It carry out the

12、next operation, this is to restore to the throne the law regularly In this way can make anti-interference ability strengthen greatly , have 2 points mainly: ①. At the dormancy, procedure stop run can appear PC indicator disorderly procedure that causes run and fly. Work time in dormancy proportion 1

13、:9, that is to say 1 s have 0.1 time of s used for measuring, sending off showing, there is time dormancy of 0.9s, the probability that the procedure is interfered is 1/10 while running at full speed, whole anti-interference ability raise by 10 times. ② Because every 1s is restored to the throne onc

14、e unconditionally, once present the system halted during a job, can certainly resume when restored to the throne next time. As to only instrument that show, some reading mistake that 1s appear accidentally there is no memory to the next measurement, be could bear, belong to “pass〞 mistake. This kind

15、 is restored to the throne the advantage of dog's circuit for guarding the gate regularly, first, change waiting time into a dormancy state, time to shorten and may be interfered; Second, avoided happening that the dog controls the death circulation of the link to include guarding the gate. 1.2 Th

16、e external condition is restored to the throne the law Some arrival that export or measure is controlled by the outside. For instance, the hot form of heating, rotate the pulse produced and calculate heat by hot water wheels, there is no hot water to flow, there is no heat to export, CPU only need

17、 in fact keep number value, do not need to count. Can imagine hot water wheels rotate when parking warm , CPU idle in will it be will it be one season autumn spring and summer, If let dormancy its , measure have water wheels pulse constantly, anti-interference ability can strengthen greatly. So, so

18、long as link up the restoring to the throne of the pulse of the water wheels and CPU, the water wheels rotate a circle each time, CPU is restored to the throne once, hot form can work normally , this is restored to the throne the law by the external condition . Similar application have half electron

19、 kilowatt-hour meter , go on one count just when the machinery degree wheels and transfers to a circle, users do not need the electricity, CPU has been knowing the dormancy all the time . The restoring to the throne in the interval not to be regular, but confirmed according to the external condition

20、 of this method. In some occasions, the time of the dormancy will be very long, very effective to improving anti-interference ability. 2 The hardware realizes the main point 2.1 Restored to the throne regularly unconditionally Generally it has 2 kinds of methods. ① Use the timer or the special-

21、purpose clock chip to be restored to the throne. Fig1, in order to use the timing circuit that 555 circuit makes up; Can use the clock chips of X1126, etc, wake CPU up with the alarm signal after setting up warning time. This kind of method is suitable when the long interval is made, can also follow

22、 the result of this operation ，determine to wake time up in alarm next time temporarily, very flexible and convenient. ② The signal of using the system to be inherent is as reducing the pulse regularly. Use 50Hz worker power make reducing after having a facelift frequently, already omit the timer, g

23、athered the corresponding signal for the phase place which measured the electric current signal at the same time, as Fig. 2 shows. 2.2 External conditions are restored to the throne Send external condition pulse to and is restored to the throne the end son after having a facelift. To that above-m

24、entioned water wheels or the ammeter spend a pulse produced, can use Schmitt's trigger to have a facelift; For writing down the instrument of the biggest or minimum，can use the window comparator. In order to realize the electrification that is regulated，can use the electronic electric potential devi

25、ce, establish upper and lower limits with the order of the one-chip computer. 2.3 Reduce cycle and restored to the throne the high electricity at ordinary times In Fig3, restored to the throne the signal during high level Tr, the one-chip computer is in the state of restoring to the throne, the

26、procedure does not run, anti-interference ability is the strongest; After the high level, the one-chip computer begins to hold the conduct procedure. That is to say, are restored to the throne and suitable for the time that the procedure carries out during the low level Td of the signal, this time s

27、hould be greater than the execution cycle of the procedure each time. It is restore to the throne cycle and restore to the throne high level of signal take empty than very much important to choose rationally. As to simple to show instrument, restore to the throne cycle determine data break cycle, lo

28、w electricity is it measure, hence over all time shown to greater than to want at ordinary times; otherwise, it can’t present forever the mistake of the intact executive program. Monolithic integrated circuit in Ts and Tr period all can effectively the antigambling, but is best the unnecessary time

29、arrangement in Tr. When the program time is long, as far as possible the request reduces Tr,it may join the differentiating circuit, like chart 1 center C30, R26, D9. 2.4 Have the electricity to measure and restore to the throne manually Some systems in its initialization and run-time need first

30、electrical impulses. Restored to the throne and already become the beginning condition of normal running each time while adopting the way of restoring to the throne to run, it is unable to distinguish and have the electricity for the first time. In some pin connects the electric capacity of one Leif

31、 to the ground, measure this pin after being restored to the throne, if low level to have electricity for the first time. Give system set up one restore to the throne button, that is to say a common one manual to restore to the throne, this button is not joined and being restored to the throne in th

32、e end, is connected in parallel in the electric capacity both ends to the ground of above-mentioned pins. Result: Conclusion Anti-interference is an important problem in an electronic design, especially Important in the one-chip computer. This is because the one-chip computer has procedures to ru

33、n particularity that flies, the consequence that it is interfered may be the system halted, may send out various kinds of mistakes or illegal movements before the system halted too, make the whole system produce the mortality mistake. So, only guarantee it is not enough yet for one-chip computer not

34、 to crash, study how to reduce the risk interfered, it can befault-toierant how is it after and make mistakes. This text is it act as some exploration from two these to try hard, hope these elementary opinions can play some function of casting a brick to attract jade, helpful to everybody; Hope to e

35、very colleague explore together, improve our design level together. 中文翻譯 單片機(jī)的休眠運算復(fù)位和抗干擾能力完善 摘要： 介紹了一種通過運算復(fù)位來改善抗干擾能力的重復(fù)使用的單片機(jī)，分析其適用范圍，提供和分析其所使用的電路，結(jié)合實例分析在某些運行方式下的軟硬件設(shè)計。 關(guān)鍵詞： 單片機(jī)復(fù)位，休眠，反干擾 前言： 隨著微電子技術(shù)迅速開展，單片機(jī)性能也得到迅速提高。智能維護(hù)邏輯控制電路取代了以往的測量電路的數(shù)字邏輯控制電路，并將其開展。這操作被擴(kuò)展到更大的范圍

36、，并得到廣泛使用。因為它有系統(tǒng)的停頓，所以運行程序有致命缺陷在許多重要場合受到限制。很多反干擾技術(shù)〔例如有軟件隔欄；將硬件的接口放入狗的電路中等等〕可以使這一問題的到很好的解決，但仍然存在著問題：① 連接狗的電路運行時好時壞，這是在某些場合是不允許的。② 程序時常出現(xiàn)很多電路錯誤，僅僅是狗的連接環(huán)節(jié)也會時常出現(xiàn)無法識別的錯誤。③ 在測量和控制周期之間的時間長時，單片機(jī)要花費大量時間等待周邊其他硬件，在運算處理等待命令時它將會受到太多的干擾，對于這些情況，在實踐中我們已經(jīng)嘗試過主動復(fù)位的方法，采用后續(xù)脈沖外界條件觸發(fā)單片機(jī)工作。在每次復(fù)位后單片機(jī)將進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的程序，執(zhí)行命令后立即進(jìn)入休眠，為下次復(fù)

37、位做好準(zhǔn)備，用此種方法很好的解決了上述的問題，在農(nóng)業(yè)電壓互感器綜合保護(hù)裝置實驗中得到很好的效果?，F(xiàn)在用51系列單片機(jī)作為一個例子，并具體探討高電平復(fù)位的原理和實施方法。 1 原理和實施方法 1.1 無條件定期復(fù)位 使用定時器，專用時鐘芯片或其它脈沖發(fā)生器在某一局部定期產(chǎn)生復(fù)位信號。這種方法尤其適合于測量儀器。在這種運行中，模擬量通過A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器后并將其存入顯示。這當(dāng)然是非?？斓模诜€(wěn)定的運行中，數(shù)據(jù)每秒只有1-2倍的提高，在大量的時間內(nèi)CPU是用來等待讓CPU的工作并工作后進(jìn)入休眠，復(fù)位和外界條件觸發(fā)CPU執(zhí)行下次指令，這就是復(fù)位，這樣才能使抗干擾能力大大加強(qiáng)。其有兩個主要內(nèi)容：① 在

38、休眠〔程序停止運行〕時可以出現(xiàn)CP機(jī)指示無序的程序。工作時間與休眠時間比例為1：9，那就是說1秒內(nèi)有0.1秒時間是用于測量，傳送，顯示，有0.9秒時間是休眠。這概率也就是說一程序在全速運行時間只有十分之一的干預(yù)時間，整個抗干擾能力提高十倍。② 因為是每秒的復(fù)位，一旦無條件或目前的工作運行停止，下一個周期一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)恢復(fù)復(fù)位。至于唯一的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，雖然有些讀入數(shù)據(jù)在1秒內(nèi)出現(xiàn)錯誤但對下次測量沒有影響或可以承受的都屬于可忽略的錯誤。這種復(fù)位的好處是狗的電路在定期控制著。首先，改工作到休眠狀態(tài)的時間，并有可能干預(yù)，二是可以防止發(fā)生該狗門電路的控制導(dǎo)致接口連接不暢。 1.2 外部條件復(fù)位法 局部進(jìn)入

39、是由外界控制的，舉例來說，加熱升溫供暖的旋轉(zhuǎn)脈沖產(chǎn)生，并計算有熱水車輪產(chǎn)生的熱量，沒有熱水流量也沒有熱出口量時中央處理器只需要在事實上使用的數(shù)值，也不用計數(shù)。可以想象熱水車輪轉(zhuǎn)動時保持溫度，CPU空閑，它可能會有高溫情況，如果讓其有休眠情況，并衡量水車脈沖不間斷，其反干擾能力可以得到大大的加強(qiáng)。所以，只要把復(fù)位的脈沖水車輪和CPU連接其來，水車輪每轉(zhuǎn)一圈CPU復(fù)位一次，供暖才能正常進(jìn)行，這就是復(fù)位法的外部條件。類似的專利申請有一半是電子電度表，正當(dāng)機(jī)械程度車輪和轉(zhuǎn)移到一個循環(huán)時用戶不需要用電，此時中央處理器已經(jīng)知道所有的休眠時間。該復(fù)位無規(guī)律間隔出現(xiàn)，但它被證實了是有根據(jù)的外部條件方法。在某些

40、場合，時間的休眠會很長，但更有效的提高了抗干擾能力。 2 硬件的具體主要點 2.1 定期無條件復(fù)位 一般有兩種方法：① 使用定時器或特殊用途的時鐘芯片來復(fù)位或使用由555電路組成的時鐘電路可以使用時鐘芯片的X1126等設(shè)立預(yù)警時間后通過報警信號喚醒CPU。這種方法適用于間隔時間比擬長的情況下，還可以按照對這次行動結(jié)果，快速確定下次喚醒的時間，非常靈活方便② 信號的固定使用制度是為降低脈沖定時性。50Hz電力使用后已經(jīng)省略定時器，在同一時間內(nèi)聚結(jié)相應(yīng)的信號相位，其中包括測量電流信號。 2.2 外部條件復(fù)位 發(fā)送外部條件脈沖復(fù)位后立刻有了新的進(jìn)展。在這上面提到的水車輪或電流表產(chǎn)生脈沖也可

41、以使用施密特的觸發(fā)代替會有個新的效果。可以利用窗口比擬器得到儀器的最大最小值。為了實現(xiàn)電子化即標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可以使用電子電氣設(shè)備的潛力，也可以通過常規(guī)單片機(jī)來制定上限下限。 2.3 在日常生活中減少周期和復(fù)位的用電量 復(fù)位信號在高層次的TR和單片機(jī)是在程序不運行時抗干擾能力是最強(qiáng)的，之后高層次的單片機(jī)開始進(jìn)行執(zhí)行程序。這就是說，復(fù)位也適合在這一段程序的低層次TD信號進(jìn)行，這個時候時間應(yīng)該大于執(zhí)行周期的每個程序時間。這是復(fù)位周期的復(fù)位高電平采取占空比的非常重要的選擇理由。以簡單的顯示工具來確定復(fù)位周期數(shù)據(jù)打破原周期，低電平就是它的措施，有時其會超過平常任何時候所表現(xiàn)出來的數(shù)據(jù)，否那么目前完整執(zhí)行方案

42、永遠(yuǎn)是錯的。單片集成電路在TS和TR時期里都可以有效的抗干擾，但最好是不必要的時間安排TR。當(dāng)程序的時間很長，盡量要求降低TR，可以參加電路鑒別。 2.4 具有電力測量，手動復(fù)位 有些系統(tǒng)在它初始化和運行時還是需要第一次電脈沖。復(fù)位造成一開始正常運行的狀況，對每個時間而采用的復(fù)位方法來說，它是無法識別第一次電脈沖的。在復(fù)位后測量這些引腳如果第一次測量是低電平那么一些引腳是連接電容后接地。給系統(tǒng)設(shè)置一個復(fù)位按鈕，那就是說一個共同的復(fù)位，此按鈕是不是參加復(fù)位，要看最后并聯(lián)在電容兩端的引腳接地情況。 結(jié)果： 反干擾是電子設(shè)計中的重要問題，尤其是在單片機(jī)中。這是因為單片機(jī)程序運行的特殊性所導(dǎo)致的。干預(yù)可能導(dǎo)致該系統(tǒng)停止運行，也可能引發(fā)個種錯誤或非法轉(zhuǎn)移，使整個系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生死機(jī)的錯誤。就這么一說對單片機(jī)整個開展來說是不夠的，我們要研究如何降低干擾風(fēng)險，使它完善以減少不必要的錯誤。這文章只是充當(dāng)一些探索，從這兩個方面努力，希望這些小小的建議，可以發(fā)揮一些效果，鑄造拋磚引玉，幫助大家，也希望每為同時共同探討，提高我們設(shè)計水平。