（新課標）2020屆高考英語一輪復習 專題四 完形填空 考點二十六 說明文（含解析）

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1、考點二十六　說明文 Cloze 1 限時12分鐘 New Year's Eve is a time to celebrate and enter the new year with a smile on your face． When I was a kid, the thing I enjoyed most about New Year's Eve was trying to stay awake until midnight． My parents didn't __1__ me to go to bed early, but my heavy eyelids usually

2、__2__ me well before the new year arrived． When I woke up the next morning, my mum would ask me if I wanted to make a New Year's __3__． I had no __4__ what it was． After she __5__ it to me, I said I would try to __6__ less with my older brother． This got me a(n) __7__ and a pat on the head

3、 from my mum． __8__， the resolution lasted only until dinnertime, when my brother and I got into a(n) __9__ about who would set the __10__． A New Year's resolution is a decision to do or not to do something in order to __11__ a personal goal or break a habit． It comes at a time when people _

4、_12__ the past year and make an effort to __13__ themselves as the new year begins． Like many __14__， New Year's resolutions have a long and interesting __15__． New Year's Day was first celebrated 4,000 years ago in ancient Babylon． Although the Babylonians did not have a written calendar, hi

5、storians determined that they __16__ the start of the new year in late March with the arrival of the spring season． If you would like to make a New Year's resolution this year, there are some __17__ to consider, for example, volunteer at a church or animal rescue organization． Remember that i

6、t takes work to keep a New Year's resolution． Don't worry if you __18__ once or twice． If you are __19__ to what you want to accomplish, you'll be a __20__ person at the end of the year than at the beginning． 1．A．suggest B．force C．demand D．forbid 答案：B　根據(jù)句意及生活常識可知，孩子平時是要按時睡覺的

7、，但在新年尤其是新年前夕是可以熬夜的，所以父母在這一天不會強迫“我”去早些睡覺。故選B。 2．A．betrayed B．beat C．surprised D．disappointed 答案：B　由but可知，此處與上文形成轉折關系，指新年還沒到來，“我”就困了。根據(jù)常識可知，我們困了會說眼皮打架了。故選B。 3．A．wish B．guess C．resolution D．comment 答案：C　根據(jù)常識可知，新年大人們常要孩子制定新的計劃，故媽媽會問“我”的新年決心；第二段首句中的“resolution”是提示。故選C。

8、4．A．plan B．opinion C．thought D．idea 答案：D　“我”不知道那是什么。作為孩子自然不知道新年決心指的什么。故選D。 5．A．showed B．passed C．left D．explained 答案：D　“我”不知道新年決心是什么，所以媽媽就向“我”解釋。explain sth．to sb． “向某人解釋某事”，故選D。 6．A．chat B．talk C．fight D．share 答案：C　根據(jù)語境可知，既然是向媽媽表決心，肯定是好的行為。所以“少與哥哥打架

9、”符合語境，故選C。 7．A．complaint B．blame C．smile D．honor 答案：C　根據(jù)語境可知，“我”說“我”盡量少與哥哥爭執(zhí)，媽媽拍了“我”的頭，對“我”的新年決心表示肯定，故可推測出媽媽是高興的，C符合題意。 8．A．Luckily B．Unfortunately C．Amazingly D．Honestly 答案：B　此處指早晨剛向媽媽表決心，可晚餐時又開始和哥哥爭吵了，因此unfortunately “不幸地”符合題意，故選B。 9．A．argument B．situation

10、 C．conversation D．agreement 答案：A　不幸地是，決心僅僅持續(xù)到晚餐的時候，“我”和哥哥又開始爭論，故選A。 10．A．firework B．bed C．table D．clock 答案：C　由語境可知，此處指晚餐時擺餐具，故選C。 11．A．accomplish B．design C．create D．abandon 答案：A　新年決心是為了實現(xiàn)個人目標或改掉習慣而去做什么或不做什么，故A符合題意。 12．A．look forward to B．look back on

11、 C．look down upon D．look out of 答案：B　分析后面的賓語是“the past year”，指過去的一年，即回顧過去的一年；對新的一年才用look forward to ．．． “期待，希望……”，故B符合題意。 13．A．improve B．enjoy C．entertain D．relax 答案：A　分析句意可知，此處指新年伊始，努力提高自己，故選A。 14．A．habits B．places C．countries D．traditions 答案：D　分析句意并結合選項

12、可知，此處指新年決心像其他傳統(tǒng)一樣，故選D。 15．A．story B．meaning C．history D．mystery 答案：C　由下一段中的第一句可知，此處指在新年來臨前夕表達決心的傳統(tǒng)有悠久的歷史，故選C。 16．A．observed B．witnessed C．fixed D．established 答案：A　本文主要講述新年的慶祝，此處指巴比倫人在3月末，隨著春季的來臨慶祝新年的開始，observe “慶祝；歡度”，故選A。 17．A．requirements B．factors C．ru

13、les D．choices 答案：D　本句中所舉的例子針對新年決心提出了幾個選擇，故D符合題意。 18．A．slip up B．make up C．turn up D．draw up 答案：A　要堅持新年決心是需要努力的。如果你有一兩次疏忽，不要擔心。slip up “疏忽”，故選A。 19．A．calm B．devoted C．grateful D．enthusiastic 答案：B　由上文中對新年決心的解釋可知，此處指倘若你專心于你想要實現(xiàn)的新年決心，故選B。 20．A．wealthier B．sm

14、arter C．healthier D．better 答案：D　根據(jù)句意可知，如果你專心于你想要實現(xiàn)的新年決心，年底時，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己比年初更優(yōu)秀。故選D。 Cloze 2 限時13分鐘 Organizing a smooth journey takes a lot of planning． Just a bit of foresight will help you truly __1__ and enjoy what holidays have to offer． Before you travel, you need to first __2__ your n

15、eeds． Sit down together with the people with whom you will be traveling． What are the needs this trip __3__？ Rest, cultural discoveries, work, or sports? Then, set a(n) __4__ for yourself． Vacations that far exceed (超出) the money available will give you stress, which is __5__ to what you're looking

16、 for． __6__ think over all those important __7__ you need, and begin early the __8__ needed to obtain them before leaving． Whether it is your passport, an international driving license, traveler's checks, or train tickets, all these need time to be __9__ for． During the journey, enjoy yourself! The

17、re are so many people who __10__ all that they've left back home． What can you do anyway, sitting on your island paradise (樂園)? You can solve problems, if any, when you __11__． Learn to awaken your __12__． Listen to new songs of birds． Touch the __13__ and warm sand． Watch a sunset splitting itself

18、into all kinds of colors． Delight in the good __14__ of the food on your plate． __15__ every second available to you and consider yourself blessed to be there at that time． If you were __16__ abroad, when you come back, visit your doctor without delay． Above all, don't __17__ the end of the holiday

19、． That'll cause you to lose whatever good you got out of it． __18__ you were lucky to have had one, and continue to live a better life． __19__ is stopping you from choosing to continue life a little slower, a little __20__， and much happier! 1．A．study B．relax C．hide

20、 D．understand 答案：B　結合下文語境可知，此處指如果你提前做好準備的話，你便會真正放松下來(relax)，好好享受假期給你帶來的一切。故選B。 2．A．plan B．meet C．list D．realize 答案：C　根據(jù)第3空所在句子及下一句可知，在旅行之前，你必須先列一個必需品清單。list your needs “列出你的需求”。故選C。 3．A．lies in B．calls for C．results in D．waits

21、for 答案：B　根據(jù)該空后的“Rest, cultural discoveries, work, or sports？”可知，此處意為“這次旅行需要滿足什么需求？”call for意為“需要”，符合語境。lie in “在于”；result in “導致”；wait for “等候”。 4．A．budget B．order C．date D．intention 答案：A　根據(jù)下文中的“Vacations that far exceed (超出) the money available will give you stre

22、ss”可知，此處指應給自己做個預算(budget)。故選A。 5．A．sensitive B．opposite C．similar D．obvious 答案：B　根據(jù)“give you stress”可知，這與你所想要的相反。句意：實際花費遠遠超過預算的假期將給你帶來壓力，這是與你期望的事情背道而馳的。sensitive “敏感的”；opposite “相反的”；similar “類似的”；obvious “明顯的”。故只有opposite最符合語境。 6．A．Especially B．Therefore

23、 C．Finally D．Still 答案：C　結合上下文可知，第二段介紹了三個在旅行前的注意事項，此前已經提出了兩項(即列出必需品清單和做預算)，此處應是最后一項，所以選finally。 7．A．meetings B．tools C．clothes D．documents 答案：D　根據(jù)下文中的“your passport, an international driving license, traveler's checks, or train tickets”可知，這些都是重要的證件，所以此處

24、意為“好好考慮一下你需要哪些重要證件(documents)”，故選D。 8．A．steps B．movements C．classes D．incidents 答案：A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指為了得到下文所提到的重要證件所需要做的準備工作，故step “步驟”，符合語境。 9．A．paid B．applied C．arranged D．begged 答案：C　句意：無論是你的護照、國際駕駛證、旅行支票，或者火車票，所有這些票證都需要時間來準備。arrange

25、for意為“為……做準備”，符合語境，故選C。pay for “為……付錢；賠償”；apply for “申請”；beg for “乞討；乞求”，均不符合語境，可排除。 10．A．tell about B．worry about C．talk about D．learn about 答案：B　結合本段的主題句“During the journey, enjoy yourself！”可知，此處作者是在陳述這樣一個事實，即很多人雖然已經出去玩了，但卻心神不安，還在為家里的一切擔心(worry about)。故選B。 11．A．leave

26、 B．come C．stay D．return 答案：D　這里表示如果有問題，你可以等到回來(return)時再解決。故選D。 12．A．emotions B．happiness C．senses D．memory 答案：C　根據(jù)下文的“Listen”“Touch”和“Watch”可知，此處指喚醒一系列感覺(senses)，故選C。 13．A．soft B．wet C．hot D．special

27、答案：A　根據(jù)常識并結合語境可知，沙子是柔軟的，故選A。句意：撫摸柔軟而溫暖的沙子。 14．A．qualities B．tastes C．designs D．feelings 答案：B　根據(jù)空格后的“the food on your plate”可知，此處指食物的味道(tastes)。故選B。 15．A．Make the most of B．Get prepared for C．Be engaged in D．Get hold of 答案：A　句意：充分利用好可利用的每一秒，并為你此刻能在此地好好地享受一切而心存感激。

28、make the most of “充分利用”；get prepared for “為……做準備”；be engaged in “從事于……”；get hold of “把握；得到”。根據(jù)句意可知，應選A。 16．A．nervous B．violent C．ill D．sad 答案：C　根據(jù)后半句中的“visit your doctor without delay”可知，此處是指如果你在出國期間生病了(ill)。故選C。 17．A．judge B．affect C．trust

29、 D．destroy 答案：D　句意：最重要的是，不要把假期的末尾破壞了。此處指不要因為生病而影響了旅行的心情。故選D。 18．A．Expect B．Admire C．Admit D．Find 答案：C　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指你要承認很幸運能有這么一個假期，并繼續(xù)更好地生活下去。故選C。 19．A．Everything B．Nothing C．Anything D．Something 答案：B　根據(jù)語境可知，沒有什么可以阻止你選擇以一種慢節(jié)奏去繼續(xù)生活。故B項符合語

30、境。 20．A．calmer B．longer C．harder D．wealthier 答案：A　根據(jù)空格前后的“slower”和“happier”可知，此處應填一個能體現(xiàn)美好的生活狀態(tài)的詞，calmer意為“平靜的”，符合語境。故選A。 Cloze 3 限時14分鐘 Communication is an important part of any relationship． Many of us are __1__ to share our experiences or emotions with our f

31、riends． But when it's our turn to lend a(n) __2__， we soon become bored or are short of ideas on how to __3__ and offer advice． That's because of what researchers call “l(fā)istener burnout (精疲力竭)”． A friend might talk to us __4__， often complaining about the same __5__ problems． When we offer

32、 quick advice to __6__ the situation, we may be unconsciously trying to __7__ ourselves from burnout． However, good listeners __8__ their natural tendency to solve the others' problems hurriedly and to keep the conversation brief． To be a good __9__， you need to use “active listening”． It star

33、ts with the real __10__ to help others and think through their feelings． Don't __11__ things． You can start by putting your phone __12__ and sitting close to your friend． Let your facial expressions __13__ what he or she is saying． __14__ you are able to fully understand, acknowledge the other

34、 person's __15__ by reflecting them back：“That must be really hard for you．” Use __16__ words or even sounds such as “yes”， “right”，and “hmm” to __17__ the other person to continue． Of course, a __18__ can be extremely hard if the other person is too critical． But don't get defensive． Effe

35、ctive listeners don't __19__ negative criticism． Instead, they listen and understand what the person is trying to convey __20__ responding． 1．A．afraid B．hesitant C．shy D．eager 答案：D　根據(jù)下一句中的關鍵信息“But ．．． bored or are short of ideas”可知，我們許多人都渴望和朋友分享自己的經歷或情感。be eager to do sth．“渴望做某事”。 2．A．sho

36、ulder B．hand C．ear D．eye 答案：C　根據(jù)第二段中關鍵信息“l(fā)istener burnout”可知，當我們要傾聽時，會有不一樣的反應。lend an ear為固定短語，意思為“傾聽”，符合語境。 3．A．respond B．explain C．argue D．quit 答案：A　根據(jù)下文的“and offer advice”可知，當我們作為傾聽者時，對于如何作出反應(respond)和提供什么樣的建議就沒有了主意。 4．A．aimlessly B．endlessly C．deliberately D．cautiously 答案：B　根據(jù)下文中

37、的“often complaining”可知，朋友可能會經常無休止地對著我們抱怨老掉牙的問題。endlessly “無休止地”符合語境。 5．A．difficult B．old C．acute D．sensitive 答案：B　由關鍵詞often可知，應是同樣的陳舊的問題。 6．A．fix B．discuss C．create D．describe 答案：A　由上文的“offer quick advice”可知，應選fix，表示“解決”。 7．A．forgive B．protect C．discourage D．prevent 答案：B　protect sb

38、．/sth． from sth．表示“保護某人/某物免于某事”，符合語境。 8．A．follow B．display C．form D．overcome 答案：D　然而，好的傾聽者會克服(overcome)他們的自然傾向來迅速解決他人的問題。 9．A．reader B．partner C．listener D．speaker 答案：C　由下文的“active listening”可知，此處指做一個好的傾聽者(listener)需要積極地傾聽他人訴說。 10．A．demand B．habit C．desire D．ability 答案：C　根據(jù)上文“active l

39、istening”可知，好的傾聽者開始時要有真正的要幫助別人的渴望(desire)，并認真考慮他們的感受。 11．A．skip B．rush C．overlook D．postpone 答案：B　由前句中“think through their feelings”可知，作者建議傾聽者不要斷章取義，倉促做事。rush things表示“倉促做事”，符合語境。 12．A．away B．off C．out D．up 答案：A　根據(jù)語境可知，既然要好好地傾聽，那么就要把你的手機收起來(putting your phone away)，與下文“sitting close to you

40、r friend (緊挨著你朋友坐)”相呼應。 13．A．record B．restrict C．reflect D．replace 答案：C　由第15空后的“by reflecting them back”可知，這里表示讓你的面部表情表現(xiàn)出你是在對你朋友所說的話作出反應。 14．A．Whether B．Since C．While D．If 答案：A　作為一個傾聽者，不管(Whether)你是否能夠完全理解對方，你都要對對方的感情作出回應。 15．A．suggestions B．purposes C．responses D．feelings 答案：D　根據(jù)上文“

41、and think through their feelings”可知，這里表示理解他人的感受(feelings)。故選D。 16．A．big B．tough C．strong D．short 答案：D　由下文的“yes”，“right”和“hmm”可知，要用簡短的(short)語言來鼓勵他人繼續(xù)說下去。 17．A．force B．remind C．encourage D．convince 答案：C　這些簡單的反應都是在鼓勵(encourage)對方繼續(xù)說下去。 18．A．conversation B．suggestion C．problem D．lecture

42、答案：A　由第20空前的“what the person is trying to convey”及語境可知，這里說的是談話(conversation)很難進行下去。 19．A．give up B．make up C．leave out D．block out 答案：D　根據(jù)下文“Instead, they listen and understand”可推知，一個優(yōu)秀的傾聽者是不會規(guī)避負面評論的。block out “不去想；抹去”。 20．A．after B．before C．while D．once 答案：B　根據(jù)語境可知，一個好的傾聽者在回應之前會充分理解他人所要表達

43、的意思，與上文“you are able to fully understand”呼應。故選B。 Cloze 4 限時13分鐘 Eco-tourism involves people traveling to beautiful but environmentally sensitive places． Such trips are __1__ carried out with an experienced guide． Over recent years, this type of travel has been steadily gaining __2__ as

44、more people search for new travel experiences． Eco-tourism has many benefits． First, all the __3__ spent by the tourists is used to __4__ the important environmental spots they visit． Second, it helps __5__ to better understand the environment, thereby __6__ their knowledge of the world

45、． Furthermore, this style of travel is also more __7__ of the local culture． Compared to __8__ tourists, eco-tourists use energy more efficiently, save water and produce less rubbish by finding ways to __9__ it． These behaviours have a __10__ and lasting effect on the local environm

46、ent． Two things are needed to make eco-tourism a(n) __11__． First, it should be done in small groups． And second, because it requires considerable effort, both eco-tourists and locals must be __12__ in their commitment to improving the environment． Green travel provides local people with jobs

47、 in parks, __13__ and shops． One great achievement of eco-tourism has been the __14__ of illegal hunting． Former hunters can now work as guides to help keep the animals __15__ in their natural surroundings． Green travel also __16__ local people's quality of life, especially children's． Per

48、u is one country using eco-tourism to promote respect for the __17__． It's now able to take better care of its rainforests because of a(n) __18__ on more sustainable (不破壞生態(tài)平衡的，可持續(xù)的) travel． __19__ this, local people's living standards have improved． Many others are now foll

49、owing Peru's __20__and using eco-tourism to preserve their environment for the future generations． 1．A．finally B．usually C．suddenly D．roughly 答案：B　根據(jù)下文“Over recent years, this type of travel has been steadily gaining”可知，這樣的旅行通常在有經驗

50、的導游的幫助下進行。故B項正確。 2．A．pleasure B．satisfaction C．popularity D．freedom 答案：C　根據(jù)下文“more people search for new travel experiences”可知，更多的人尋求新的旅游體驗，所以這種旅行受到大家的歡迎。故C項正確。 3．A．money B．time C．energy

51、 D．effort 答案：A　根據(jù)下文“is used to __4__ the important environmental spots they visit”可知，游客所花的錢被用于重要的生態(tài)景點。故A項正確。 4．A．pollute B．protect C．purchase D．explore 答案：B　根據(jù)語境并結合選項可知，既然是生態(tài)旅游，那么游客所花的錢是被用來保護生態(tài)景點。故B項正確。 5．A．scientists

52、 B．hunters C．guides D．visitors 答案：D　根據(jù)常識可知，應該是生態(tài)旅游有助于游客更好地了解自然環(huán)境。故D項正確。 6．A．approving B．confirming C．enriching D．supporting 答案：C　根據(jù)上文“better understand the environment, thereby”可知，生態(tài)旅游幫助游客更好地了解自然環(huán)境，因此能夠豐富他們

53、的知識。故C項正確。 7．A．respectful B．aware C．uncertain D．independent 答案：A　根據(jù)上文可知，生態(tài)游幫助游客了解、保護自然環(huán)境，這對當?shù)氐奈幕且环N尊重。be respectful of sth． “尊重某物”，故A項正確。 8．A．rich B．curious C．lazy D．normal 答案：D　根據(jù)空格前的

54、“Compared to”及語境可知，此處指與平常的游客相比，生態(tài)旅游的游客能更有效地使用資源、節(jié)約用水等。故D項正確。 9．A．use B．recycle C．copy D．restrict 答案：B　根據(jù)語境可知，他們想辦法循環(huán)利用資源，目的是減少垃圾的產生。故B項正確。 10．A．challenging B．disappointing C．positive D．ri

55、sky 答案：C　根據(jù)上文及空格后的“l(fā)asting effect on the local environment”可知，這些行為對當?shù)丨h(huán)境有積極持久的影響。故C項正確。 11．A．success B．adventure C．tool D．symbol 答案：A　根據(jù)下文提到的兩點可知，人們需要做到這兩點才會讓生態(tài)游成功。故A項正確。 12．A．polite B．sincere

56、 C．doubtful D．grateful 答案：B　根據(jù)下文“their commitment to improving the environment”可知，既然是承諾改善環(huán)境，那么態(tài)度應該真誠。故B項正確。 13．A．mines B．factories C．schools D．hotels 答案：D　根據(jù)常識并結合選項可知，生態(tài)旅游給當?shù)厝颂峁┝嗽诠珗@、賓館和商店工作的機會。故D項正確。 14．A．ban

57、 B．result C．decline D．appearance 答案：C　本段列舉了生態(tài)旅游的好處。根據(jù)下文“Former hunters can now work as guides”可知，以前的狩獵者現(xiàn)在可以當導游，所以生態(tài)游的一個成就就是非法狩獵行為有所減少。故C項正確。 15．A．close B．safe C．friendly D．active 答案：B　根據(jù)上文

58、可知，生態(tài)游使非法狩獵行為減少了，以前的狩獵者現(xiàn)在當導游，這樣有助于保證動物的安全。故B項正確。 16．A．influences B．examines C．balances D．improves 答案：D　本段列舉了生態(tài)旅游的好處。根據(jù)最后一段中的“l(fā)ocal people's living standards have improved”可知，生態(tài)旅游也可以改善當?shù)鼐用竦纳钯|量。故D項正確。 17．A．environment B．law C．eco

59、nomy D．hosts 答案：A　根據(jù)下文“following Peru's __20__ and using eco-tourism to preserve their environment”可知，秘魯利用生態(tài)游來提高人們對環(huán)境的尊重意識。故A項正確。 18．A．effect B．theory C．focus D．discussion 答案：C　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指秘魯將重點放在可持續(xù)旅游上。A項意為“影響”；B項

60、意為“理論”；C項意為“重點；焦點”；D項意為“討論”。故C項正確。 19．A．But for B．According to C．In spite of D．In addition to 答案：D　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指除了能更好地保護雨林之外，生態(tài)游還有一個優(yōu)勢，即提高了當?shù)厝说纳钏健項意為“要不是”；B項意為“根據(jù)”；C項意為“盡管”；D項意為“除……之外”。故D項正確。 20．A．example B．rule

61、 C．advice D．tradition 答案：A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指許多國家都效仿秘魯，利用生態(tài)游保護環(huán)境。follow one's example意為“效仿某人”，符合語境。故A項正確。 Cloze 1 限時12分鐘 ⊕(2019·浙江省“五校聯(lián)考”第一次考試)During the early 1980s, I was a sales manager for a large training company． One of my __1__ was to train people on how to sell． I taugh

62、t people that lack of time and opportunity were only excuses for not producing __2__． My mother is a Greek immigrant with __3__ formal education． Her high point of each week was Sunday when she __4__ take an hour-long bus ride to church, where she and her friends would __5__ and exchange gossip and

63、 stories of their families． When the committee members decided to __6__ money for a new Greek church, my mother jumped at the chance to __7__． Her plan was simple: talk to as many people as possible about buying tickets and make them feel __8__ if they didn't． That was __9__ I came into the pictur

64、e． She said I was a big shot and gave me ten booklets of ten tickets, each one worth one dollar, __10__ up to a total of $100． A week later, I showed up with the __11__ half． “I simply didn't have the time．” I __12__ to my mother． “You either do something or you have all the __13__ why not，” my mot

65、her shot back and started to cry． I was __14__ and quickly agreed to buy the rest of my tickets myself． She stopped crying __15__ and said, “When you want something, then you do __16__ it takes to get the job done, even cry．” With a __17__ she said, “I knew that crying would work with you, and for b

66、eing so sad with your excuses, here are ten more books．” As a sales manager, I paled by __18__． It __19__ that my mother sold 7,000 tickets, 200 ahead of the second． I learned a new level of distinction between __20__ and results． Soon afterwards, I quit my job and started my own business, training people in time management． 篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者的母親為了給教堂籌集資金，讓作者買下100張票，但當作者以沒時間交還剩下的一半票時，作者的媽媽竟然以哭作為手段讓兒子答應自己的要求，并告訴作者為了目的可以“不擇手段”(即讓對方內疚)，這讓作者深受啟發(fā)，從而辭職自己開始創(chuàng)業(yè)。 1．A．majors B．professions C．responsibili