2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練題 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5

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1、 Unit 1 Great Scientists 李仕才 一、閱讀理解。 Life satisfaction is the way persons evaluate their lives and how they feel about their directions and options for the future. It's a measure of well-being and may be evaluated in terms of mood, satisfaction with relations with others and with achieved goals

2、and self-concepts to cope with daily life. It's having a favorable attitude towards one's life as a whole rather than just an evaluation of current feelings. Life satisfaction has been measured in relation to economy, education, experiences, and residence, as well as many other topics. Life satisfa

3、ction can reflect experiences that have influenced a person in, a positive way. These experiences have the ability to motivate people to pursue and reach their goals. As a matter of fact, in these experiences there are two kinds of emotions that may positively influence how people understand their l

4、ife. Hope and optimism both consist of emotional processes that are usually directed towards the reaching of goals. People who have higher life satisfaction are always full of hope for a better future; additionally, optimism is linked to higher life satisfaction, while pessimism is related to sympto

5、ms in depression. The psychologist, Yuval Palgi, studied the old-old-people who were primarily in their nineties. This subject group was found to have thought highly of their past and present, but they thought lower of their future. A large factor that was talked about in life satisfaction was inte

6、lligence. The experiments talk of how life satisfaction grows as people become older because they become wiser and more knowledgeable, so they begin to see that life will be better as they grow older and understand the important things in life more. But when they step into their nineties, future bec

7、omes a luxury to them. According to Seligman, the happier people are, the less they are focused on the negative. Happier people also have a greater tendency to like other people, which promotes a happier environment, which then correlates to a higher level of the persons' satisfaction with their li

8、fe. 1.What can we learn about life satisfaction from Paragraph 1? A. It can be easily measured through income and education. B. It includes a positive attitude towards people's entire life. C. It merely determines people's attitude towards the future. D. It has nothing to do with the evaluation

9、 of current feelings. 2.What emotions have a positive effect on life satisfaction? A. Motivation and dream. B. Hope and depression. C. Optimism and pessimism. D. Hope and optimism. 3.What was the attitude of most old-old towards their future? A. They were less hopeful about it. B. They tho

10、ught highly of it. C. They felt satisfied with it. D. They were scared of it. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A. Old People Have Much More Life Satisfaction B. Life Satisfaction—the Key to a Happier Life C. Optimism Ensures Life Satisfaction D. Emotions Affect Life Satisfaction 【

11、文章大意】本文為議論文。講述的是生活滿足感是人們的生活更加幸福的關(guān)鍵。 1.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句話中的“It's having a favorable attitude towards one's life as a whole…”可知生活滿足感包括對(duì)人們整個(gè)生活的積極肯定的態(tài)度，故選B。 3.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句話中的“…but they thought lower of their future.” 可知大多數(shù)old-old對(duì)他們的未來(lái)不太樂(lè)觀，故選A。 4.B 【解析】主旨大意題。縱觀全文可知本文講的是生活滿足感是人們的生活更加幸福的關(guān)鍵

12、，故選B。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Only when he arrived ________the meeting begin. 答案：did　“only＋狀語(yǔ)(從句)”位于句首，句子要部分倒裝。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when he arrived可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填did。 2．Neither I nor John ________(be) tired of the speech. It is interesting. 答案：is　neither ... nor ... 連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)遵循“就近一致”原則，故填is。 3．________(absorb) in

13、writing a letter, he didn't even look up when I came in. 答案：Absorbed　be absorbed in ...“全神貫注于……”，此處為分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填A(yù)bsorbed。 4．That you ________(expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. 答案：are exposed　be exposed to ...“暴露于……；接觸……”。 5．There is no sense in ________(worry) about

14、the future. 答案：worrying　There is no sense in (doing) sth. “(做)某事是沒(méi)有意義的”。 6．While ________(attend) to the central task, we should unfold the work in other fields. 答案：attending　attend to “處理；照料”，從句的主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致，且謂語(yǔ)部分含有be動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)形式時(shí)，可省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，補(bǔ)充完整為：While we are attending to ...，故填attending。 7．The ba

15、nk manager was really ________(blame), though he tried to put it on a clerk. 答案：to blame　be to blame “應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任”，為主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 8．Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had to ________(set) up some schools for poor children. 答案：setting　contribute ... to ...“為……奉獻(xiàn)……”，其中to為介詞，其后應(yīng)用名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞形式，

16、故填setting。 9．My parents tend to accept any idea ________(put) forward by experts on TV. 答案：put　put forward “提出”，此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞idea。 10．I recognized her voice ________moment I picked up the receiver. 答案：the　the moment “一……就……”。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 After

17、 living near Madrid for a year as an au pair (以幫做家務(wù)事等換取食宿的人) three years ago, it was nice to __1__ this weekend. I felt like I was at home and thought how __2__ one can be to feel like this in a place that isn't __3__ your home. I now refer to this town as one of my ‘homes from home’ and have learnt

18、 how home is where your __4__ is. A lot of people get homesick and it is a very __5__ feeling when away from __6__ ones and home comforts. __7__， I have learnt that you can feel at home when you are __8__ in that place with people who __9__ you.Through simply embracing every moment, __10__ friends

19、and enjoying a new __11__， you can feel settled in a short amount of time. I did exactly this when moving to Spain for the first time, as positive thoughts tend to bring positive experiences. Luckily enough, I was __12__ with a host family that were very __13__， which helped to ease the process of f

20、eeling happy and settled. I now love visiting when I can to see how the children grow up and feel very blessed by being able to __14__ this. Yet again, I am living in Spain on my year abroad, but this time with students and not a(n) __15__， in a different region. Nonetheless, the process of __16__

21、had been easier, as I feel __17__ the Spanish culture already. Of course when moving away from home you have to __18__ many things that are different in comparison to what you call home. However, this is the __19__ of travelling, exploring and __20__ yourself and a new place. A new place that one da

22、y you might be able to call your home too. 1．A.leave B．plan C．move D．visit 2．A.proud B．lucky C．popular D．real 3．A.finally B．possibly C．completely D．necessarily 4．A.belief B．dream C．heart D．job 5．A.normal

23、 B．unique C．strong D．uneasy 6．A.similar B．unusual C．loved D．respected 7．A.However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Otherwise 8．A.free B．powerful C．a(chǎn)vailable D．comfortable 9．A.care for B．look for C．a(chǎn)sk for D．w

24、ait for 10．A.missing B．making C．choosing D．a(chǎn)iding 11．A.idea B．culture C．home D．chance 12．A.chatting B．playing C．living D．dealing 13．A.wise B．honest C．successful D．friendly 14．A.change B．experience C．s

25、upport D．improve 15．A.teacher B．roommate C．family D．organization 16．A.going on B．turning around C．stepping forward D．settling in 17．A.accustomed to B．excited at C．satisfied with D．interested in 18．A.give up B．start with C．a(chǎn)dapt t

26、o D．carry out 19．A.role B．secret C．delight D．symbol 20．A.helping B．discovering C．enjoying D．controlling 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是夾敘夾議文。作者在異國(guó)他鄉(xiāng)找到了自己的“家”。 1．D　根據(jù)最后一段開(kāi)頭的Yet again, I am living in Spain on my year abroad, but this time with students可知，作者重“訪(visi

27、t)”西班牙。 2．B　根據(jù)上文的I felt like I was at home和下文的feel like this可知，在異國(guó)他鄉(xiāng)能找到家的感覺(jué)確實(shí)“幸運(yùn)(lucky)”。 3．D　如果在某個(gè)地方——“不一定(not necessarily)”就是家——能找到家的感覺(jué)，那真是幸運(yùn)。 4．C　根據(jù)上文的nice，felt like，feel like可知，作者認(rèn)識(shí)到家就是“心靈(heart)”的歸屬地。 5．A　根據(jù)上文的A lot of people get homesick及常識(shí)可知，思鄉(xiāng)是一種“正常的(normal)”情感。 6．C　根據(jù)上文的homesick可知，一個(gè)人遠(yuǎn)

28、離自己“所愛(ài)的(loved)”人和家中的舒適，當(dāng)然會(huì)泛起鄉(xiāng)愁。 7．A　下文提到的在異鄉(xiāng)也能找到家的感覺(jué)與上文意義上發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，故選However。 8．D 9．A　根據(jù)上文的you can feel at home可知，此處意思是，如果在一個(gè)地方能與“關(guān)愛(ài)(care for)”自己的人在一起、覺(jué)得比較“舒服(comfortable)”，那自然能找到家的感覺(jué)。 10．B 11．B　根據(jù)這兩個(gè)空所在句中的embracing every moment, enjoying和you can feel settled in a short amount of time可知，如果能珍惜每個(gè)瞬間、

29、“交(making)”些朋友、享受新的“文化(culture)”，那很快就能融入當(dāng)?shù)氐纳睢? 12．C　根據(jù)下文的host family可知，“我”與寄宿家庭“生活(living)”在一起。 13．D　根據(jù)下文的helped to ease the process of feeling happy and settled可知，寄宿家庭的成員都很“友好(friendly)”。 14．B　根據(jù)上文的see how the children grow up可知，能“親歷(experience)”這一過(guò)程，作者感到很幸福。 15．C　上文的host family是提示。 16．D 17．A

30、　因?yàn)槭堑诙蝸?lái)西班牙，所以作者這次“安定(settling in)”下來(lái)要比上次更容易些，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)“熟悉(accustomed to)”了當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕? 18．C　根據(jù)本空所在句中的moving away from home和different in comparison to what you call home可知，背井離鄉(xiāng)自然需要“適應(yīng)(adapt to)”異地不同于家鄉(xiāng)的很多方面。 19．C 20．B　根據(jù)However可知，前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折。作者認(rèn)為雖然需要適應(yīng)很多新事物，但是這恰巧就是旅游、探索、“發(fā)現(xiàn)(discovering)”自我的“樂(lè)趣(delight)”所在。 四

31、、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Although defeating in the match, we didn't lose heart. _____________________________________________________ 答案：defeating→defeated　此處表示在比賽中被打敗，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。 2．When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely absorbing in the newspaper. ___________________________

32、__________________________ 答案：absorbing→absorbed　(be) absorbed in “全神貫注于……”，此處為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。 3．It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉a　make sense to do sth. “做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，為固定用法，故去掉a。 4．Neither the teacher

33、 nor the students is content with the result. _____________________________________________________ 答案：is→are　neither ... nor ... 連接兩主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)遵循“就近原則”。 5．The plan was put forward at yesterday's meeting, in my opinion, is quite practical. _____________________________________________________ 答案：

34、去掉was或was前加which/that　該句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is, 故put forward at yesterday's meeting為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾作主語(yǔ)的名詞plan；也可用定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)修飾先行詞plan，因此添加定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引出定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞指物，所以在was前加which/that。 五、七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 (2018·江西贛中南五校高三第一次聯(lián)合考試) More and more people are working remotely.Here are

35、 some tips to keep in mind to stay focused on your work when working at home： Set and keep regular office hours. __1__ Then try your best to leave work at the “office” and turn your phone on silent and enjoy the rest of your day.Give yourself some time to recharge so you can be as productive as po

36、ssible. Plan and structure your workdays. Structure your workdays to maximize(使最大化)efficiency.Take advantage of your body's natural rhythms.__2__ If you know you focus best in the morning，resist the temptation to check email until 10 a．m.or later. Set aside a designated(指定的)work area. Try to wor

37、k at the same spot every day.__3__ And make it a place you enjoy going to each day，an area where you can focus and do your best work. Take breaks. Schedule time for frequent breaks throughout the day.Rise from your desk，stretch or walk around the house or down the street.__4__ If you need social a

38、ctivities，go out to lunch with friends or clients. Avoid distractions(使人分心的事)． One challenge of working at home is distraction.With no colleagues or partners nearby，it's easy to become distracted.Stay focused on work throughout the day to maintain consistent productivity.__5__ 　A．It could be a sp

39、are bedroom that you've turned into a home office. 　B．Plan your work around your most productive hours. 　C．Do your best to set work hours and stick to them. 　D．Take a lunch break and enjoy a midday meal. 　E．It is more comfortable to stay at home. 　F．Some interruptions can't be avoided. 　G．Avoi

40、d online distractions as well. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了五種在家工作時(shí)如何保持注意力集中的方法。 1．C　根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Set and keep regular office hours”可知，此處與工作時(shí)間的設(shè)定有關(guān)，所以選C項(xiàng)。 2．B　根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Plan and structure your workdays”可推知，此處與工作計(jì)劃有關(guān)，并與本段第一句“Structure your workdays to maximize(使最大化)efficiency”呼應(yīng)，所以選B項(xiàng)。 3．A　根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Set aside a designated(指定的)work area”可知，此處表示家庭辦公區(qū)的設(shè)定和安排，所以選A項(xiàng)。 4．D　根據(jù)本段第一句“Schedule time for frequent breaks throughout the day”并結(jié)合小標(biāo)題“Take breaks”可推知，工作期間適當(dāng)休息一下有助于集中注意力，所以選D項(xiàng)。 5．G　根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Avoid distractions(使人分心的事)”可推知，網(wǎng)上使人分心的內(nèi)容也是集中注意力所需要避免的，所以選G項(xiàng)。 9