2020版高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)4 Unit 4 Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版必修1

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1、課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)(四) Unit 4 Earthquakes Ⅰ 閱讀理解 A 課標(biāo)話題 人與自我·公民義務(wù)與社會(huì)責(zé)任 體裁 應(yīng)用文 詞 數(shù) 278 難度 When a Canadian woman was hit by a train and badly injured in northern Italy, rescue services quickly went to her aid on the tracks. But as they treated the victim, a young man photographed the scene from the s

2、tation platform in a selfie(自拍) that has caused widespread anger. Corriere della Sera said he appeared to be making a “V for victory” sign with one hand while taking the shot with the other. Police caught the young selfie-taker and forced him to delete his picture. The young man has been investigat

3、ed(調(diào)查) and does not appear to have committed a crime. But the image of him pointing his mobile phone at the rescue scene has appeared on many front pages in Italy and it attracted incredulity to the investigation so that the public insisted that further investigations should be carried out. Journal

4、ist Giorgio Lambri, who pictured this young selfie-taker, complained “we have completely lost a sense of morality”. Besides, a commentary in La Stampa spoke of “a cancer that affects the Internet”. The young man who took the selfie was not bad, argued Antonella Boralevi. Instead, he had turned off h

5、is soul and his personality and become an “automaton(機(jī)械行事之人) of the Internet”． What remains unclear is how the young woman was hit by a train in the first place. According to reports at the time, the control system for closing the train’s doors was faulty and the woman may have fallen out of the tr

6、ain while opening a door on the wrong side. However, there was also a suggestion that she may have been rushing to board the train as it was leaving the station. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文主要講述了一名男子在救援現(xiàn)場(chǎng)自拍引發(fā)了公眾的不滿和批評(píng)。 1．What does the underlined word “incredulity” probably mean? A．Suspicion． B．Resistance. C．Attentio

7、n． D．Sensitivity. 解析　A　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上一句可知，男子被調(diào)查后發(fā)現(xiàn)并沒有犯過罪，再結(jié)合畫線詞后的the public…carried out可知，公眾要求對(duì)其進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步調(diào)查，故可推知，公眾應(yīng)該是懷疑警方之前的調(diào)查結(jié)果，故選A項(xiàng)。 2．According to Antonella Boralevi, the man who took the selfie ________. A．was a bad person B．was not very moral C．should be forgiven D．did this automatically 解析　D　細(xì)

8、節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，Antonella Boralevi認(rèn)為拍照的男子本性不壞，只是過分沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)和自拍，遇到什么事都會(huì)不自覺拍照，故選D項(xiàng)。 3．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．The failure of the train’s doors. B．The process of the woman being hit. C．The likely causes of the train accident. D．The severity of the woman’s injuries. 解析　C　主旨大意題。最后一段主要

9、探究女子是如何被火車撞到的，即火車事故發(fā)生的可能原因，故選C項(xiàng)。 4．Where can we probably find this article? A．In a review． B．In a newspaper. C．In a research report． D．In a photography magazine. 解析　B　文章出處題。本文主要講述了一名男子因在救援現(xiàn)場(chǎng)自拍而引發(fā)公眾的不滿和批評(píng)，屬于紀(jì)實(shí)性新聞，最可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙上，故選B項(xiàng)。 B 課標(biāo)話題 人與自然·自然災(zāi)害與防范 體裁 說明文 詞 數(shù) 372 難度 In its early hist

10、ory, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, “No, thanks. I’ve

11、got a good horse under me.” The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水) system, but there simply wasn’t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city. An engineer named Ellis C

12、hesbrough convinced the city planners that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city’s streets by as much as 12 feet. This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chica

13、go. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into mainfloors, or hoist(吊起) the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heav

14、y structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building? That’s where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤頂) beneath the building’s foundatio

15、n. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman’s sign each man turned his jackscrews by the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation, and many of its gu

16、ests didn’t even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago’s early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city’s next step w

17、as to clean the polluted river. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文主要介紹了芝加哥為了應(yīng)對(duì)洪水泛濫的問題而實(shí)行的一些解決方案。 5．The author mentions the joke in Paragraph 1 to show ________. A．horses were fairly useful in Chicago B．Chicago’s streets were extremely muddy C．Chicago was very dangerous in the spring D．the Chicago people were particularl

18、y humorous 解析　B　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可推知，作者提及這個(gè)笑話是為了表明芝加哥的街道曾經(jīng)非常泥濘，故選B項(xiàng)。 6．The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to ________. A．get rid of the street dirt B．lower the Chicago River C．fight against heavy floods D．build the pipes above ground 解析　D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，Ellis Chesbrough讓城市規(guī)劃者相信

19、在地上建管道才能解決洪水泛濫帶來的問題，故選D項(xiàng)。 7．What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel? A．It went on smoothly as intended. B．It interrupted the business of the hotel. C．It involved Pullman in turning ten jackscrews. D．It separated the building from its foundation. 解析　A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知

20、，用螺旋千斤頂把the Tremont Hotel升高時(shí)，賓館正常營(yíng)業(yè)，很多顧客甚至對(duì)此一無所知，即此事進(jìn)展順利，故選A項(xiàng)。 8．The passage is mainly about the early Chicago’s ________. A．popular lifestyles and their influences B．environmental disasters and their causes C．engineering problems and their solutions D．successful businessmen and their achieveme

21、nts 解析　C　主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要講述早期芝加哥在應(yīng)對(duì)洪水泛濫的過程中，一些建筑工程曾面臨的問題及所采取的相應(yīng)解決辦法，故選C項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ 七選五 課標(biāo)話題 人與自然·自然科學(xué)研究成果 體裁 說明文 詞 數(shù) 204 難度 A new study suggests that the timing of a wound affects the speed at which it heals. Wounds suffered during the day heal around 60 percent faster than those at night.

22、The study showed how the bodies’ circadian rhythm(晝夜節(jié)律) controlled the healing of wounds. __1__ It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a cycle—a series of activities that repeat themselves day after day. __2__ In the study, researchers found that skin cells moved faster to repair woun

23、ds suffered during the day. Their findings were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine. The researchers examined cells, mice, and burnt injury databases. __3__ Nighttime burns—burns suffered between 8 o’clock at night and 8 o’clock the next morning—were 95 percent healed after an a

24、verage of 28 days. But after an average of 17 days, daytime burns—burns suffered between 8 o’clock in the morning and 8 o’clock at night—were 95 percent healed. __4__ Wounds are very costly to treat. __5__ In Britain’s National Health Services, for example, such services cost around $6.56 billion

25、 per year．Experts say the high costs result, in part, from a lack of drugs that speed up the closure of wounds. A．Each cycle lasts about 24 hours. B．The circadian rhythm is like a clock or timer. C．Specifically, their investigation found the following information. D．The new study’s findings coul

26、d help scientists develop better drugs. E．In other words, nighttime injuries took an average of 11 days longer to heal. F．Worldwide, billions of dollars are spent every year on wound-treatment services. G．That’s what a group of researchers from a university in Canada recently published. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文主

27、要介紹了人體晝夜節(jié)律影響傷口愈合速度的研究結(jié)果。 1．解析　B　順承關(guān)系。本段主要介紹人體晝夜節(jié)律的定義和功能。根據(jù)空前的circadian rhythm(晝夜節(jié)律)和空后的It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a cycle可知，B項(xiàng)符合語境，其中的The circadian rhythm承接上文，故選B項(xiàng)。 2.解析　A　順承關(guān)系?？涨爸v到了人體晝夜節(jié)律的功能，A項(xiàng)進(jìn)一步介紹人體晝夜節(jié)律的基本情況，其中的Each cycle與空前一句中的a cycle呼應(yīng)，故選A項(xiàng)。 3．解析　C　順承關(guān)系?？涨耙痪渲v到研究人員檢

28、查了細(xì)胞、老鼠和燒傷的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，空后是研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)，C項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境，故選C項(xiàng)。 4．解析　E　總結(jié)關(guān)系。上一段講述夜晚傷口的愈合情況，本段講述白天傷口的愈合情況，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可知，E項(xiàng)符合語境，故選E項(xiàng)。 5．解析　F　詮釋關(guān)系。本段第一句是中心句，主要講述治療傷口的費(fèi)用昂貴，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語境，故選F項(xiàng)。 快解：本段主要講的是治療傷口的費(fèi)用昂貴，選項(xiàng)中只有F項(xiàng)提到了費(fèi)用問題，據(jù)此可直接鎖定答案。 Ⅲ 短文改錯(cuò) (2019·河北辛集中學(xué)月考) Dear Mike， I’m sorry to hear that you are in hospital with eyesight

29、 decreasing and some other ①. I hope you will recover soon. You said that it was by surfing on ② the Internet too much that your illness ③ caused. That’s true. A friend of ④， who often does the same thing, is beginning to feel ⑤ too. He says that he can’t see now as ⑥ as before. And my teachers oft

30、en tell us whether⑦ it’s harmful for us to spend much time on the Internet every day. Instead, we should work out to keep healthy, because ⑧ is more important than health. Only if we have a sound body ⑨ we study better. ⑩ the doctor’s advice and don’t worry, and you will be fine soon. Yours， Li

31、Hua ① 解析　symptom為可數(shù)名詞，其前有some other修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ② 解析　surf the Internet上網(wǎng)(沖浪)，為固定搭配。 ③ 解析　根據(jù)本句中的said可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。 ④ 解析　此處表示“我的一個(gè)朋友”，應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞mine。“名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞”為固定用法。 ⑤ 解析　根據(jù)本句中的is beginning to可知，此處表示“我”的一個(gè)朋友也開始感覺不舒服，無比較含義，故用原級(jí)bad。 ⑥ 解析　此處作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞see，應(yīng)用副詞。 ⑦ 解析　此處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作tell的賓語；從句中不缺少成分，故應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)，或省略that。 ⑧ 解析　根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“沒有什么東西”，故用nothing。 ⑨ 解析　only置于句首修飾狀語從句時(shí)，主句應(yīng)部分倒裝。 ⑩ 解析　根據(jù)and及don’t worry可知，此處為由and連接的并列祈使句，故用動(dòng)詞原形。 6