三年高考（2017-2019）高考英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編 專題17 閱讀理解新題型（含解析）

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1、三年（2017-2019）高考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編 專題17 閱讀理解新題型 I．閱讀理解七選五 一、2019年高考真題 1. 【2019·全國(guó)卷I】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if

2、 the air quality in your camping area is good. ___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even mor

3、e oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain. Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce st

4、ress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情緒).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace. ___40___While

5、 the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to abso

6、rb a day's worth of Vitamin D. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to ass

7、ociate air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了新鮮空氣的好處：新鮮空氣中的氧氣，陽(yáng)光對(duì)人們的身心健康均有好處。人們已經(jīng)開始利用大自然和治愈疾病的關(guān)系，建造“康復(fù)花園”，治療病人了。 36.E 根據(jù)下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，該空應(yīng)該是一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句，選項(xiàng)中只有E選項(xiàng)是一般疑問(wèn)句。故選E：但是新鮮空氣真得像你母親說(shuō)的那樣對(duì)你有好處嗎？空

8、前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和選項(xiàng)中的“your mother always said”亦是呼應(yīng)。 37.A 根據(jù)下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鮮空氣充滿賦予人生命的，充滿活力的氧氣。下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your b

9、rain”是對(duì)前文的遞進(jìn)：在戶外，更多的氧氣進(jìn)入你的肌肉和大腦。根據(jù)前面的分析可以推知，該空應(yīng)該提到新鮮空氣的基本作用，根據(jù)常識(shí)，我們知道吸入的空氣首先進(jìn)入的是肺部，然后才會(huì)使我們的肌肉和大腦受益，故該空應(yīng)選A選項(xiàng)：新鮮空氣清潔我們的肺部。 38.G 根據(jù)下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，該空應(yīng)該提到表示地點(diǎn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。選項(xiàng)中只有G選項(xiàng)提到該類名詞，故選項(xiàng)G：在全國(guó)，康復(fù)中心已經(jīng)開始建造“康復(fù)花園”。these places就是指Healing Gardens。 39.C 前文介紹的是“康復(fù)花園”中的綠色植物對(duì)于病人康復(fù)的好的作用：綠色的正在成長(zhǎng)的植物可以減輕壓力

10、，降低血壓，使人情緒良好?？蘸筇岬健八o我們一種平和感”。該空起承上啟下的作用，仍然要提到處于“康復(fù)花園”這種自然環(huán)境中的好處，空后的it也要指代這種情況。故C選項(xiàng)切題：身處大自然可以使人精神煥發(fā)。 40.D 根據(jù)下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，該段介紹的陽(yáng)光的好處。故該選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該提到陽(yáng)光。選項(xiàng)中只有D選項(xiàng)涉及陽(yáng)光。故選D：獲得新鮮空氣的另一個(gè)好處是陽(yáng)光。 2. 【2019·全國(guó)卷II】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Imagine a child s

11、tanding on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. ___37___ More than that, ho

12、w should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important

13、, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and

14、 long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a P

15、ilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure

16、that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself? C. However, this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation

17、is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章作者對(duì)于怎樣設(shè)定具體目標(biāo)，給出了一些方法。 36.G 上文說(shuō)“動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)設(shè)定是同一枚硬幣的兩面”。下文說(shuō)“就像孩子在跳水臺(tái)，難以決定”。該空承上啟下，G選項(xiàng)“沒有目標(biāo)，你就既不能設(shè)定目標(biāo)，也無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)它”切題，故選G。 37.B 下文說(shuō)“不僅如此，你應(yīng)該如何為實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)保持積極性”。該空引出下文，B選項(xiàng)“那么你應(yīng)該如何激勵(lì)自己呢”切題，

18、故選B。 38.A 上文說(shuō)“有時(shí)候你的心不在工作上”，下文說(shuō)“所以，減慢速度，想一想那時(shí)候，你到底想干什么”。該空承上啟下，A選項(xiàng)“這會(huì)影響你的工作”切題，故選A。 39.E 上文說(shuō)“記得，目標(biāo)是靈活的”。該空承接上文，E選項(xiàng)“它們會(huì)根據(jù)環(huán)境的改變而改變”切題，故選E。 40.C 上文說(shuō)“你可能想當(dāng)一名飛行員，但是不能成為一名飛行員，因?yàn)槟愕囊暳Σ粔蚝?。”下文說(shuō)“你應(yīng)該重新評(píng)估你的目標(biāo)，并且設(shè)定一個(gè)新的目標(biāo)”。該空承上啟下，C選項(xiàng)“然而，這也不要使你沮喪”切題，故選C。 3. 【2019·全國(guó)卷III】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩

19、項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(邏輯)of each to their particular circumstanc

20、e. Do's ? ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教學(xué)大綱)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight. ? Participate in discussion forums(論壇), blogs and other

21、open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same. Don'ts ? Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If

22、you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___ ? Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a con

23、cern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments. A. That's what they are for. B. Turn to an online instructor for help. C. If more information is needed, they will ask. D. Remember that online professors get a lot of ema

24、ils. E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners. F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂上，與教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列舉了一些規(guī)矩與禁忌。 36.E 根據(jù)文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)和本段首句In an online cla

25、ss, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important，可知，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂上，與教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列舉了一些規(guī)矩與禁忌，故選項(xiàng)E符合語(yǔ)境。 37.G 根據(jù)其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（與課程內(nèi)容相關(guān)的問(wèn)題是受歡迎的），解釋了什么樣的問(wèn)題是好問(wèn)題，可知，與G項(xiàng)“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼應(yīng)，要提一些

26、好的令人深思的問(wèn)題，故選G。 38.A 根據(jù)前一句 Participate in discussion forums（論壇）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要參與論壇討論、博客和其他開放式的對(duì)話論壇。而這正是網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂采用的交流的途徑，故選A。 39.C 根據(jù)本段Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends教授不是訓(xùn)練有素的護(hù)士，不是經(jīng)濟(jì)援助專家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享個(gè)人信息或故事，如果他們需要

27、更多信息的話，他們會(huì)主動(dòng)問(wèn)起的，故選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。 40.F 通讀本段，并根據(jù)本段主題句Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告誡讀者，每個(gè)人都可能曾經(jīng)上過(guò)不太好的課，不要在社交媒體上攻擊教授，不要公開表達(dá)對(duì)教授或班級(jí)的不滿，要利用課程評(píng)價(jià)冷靜地提出你的意見。選項(xiàng)F符合上下文語(yǔ)境。 4. 【2019·北京卷】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams

28、. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？ ___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and

29、 basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the t

30、eam’s performance. To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(協(xié)調(diào))their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task in

31、terdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when

32、it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___ Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of

33、 tug-of-war(拔河比賽)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force. ___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well. A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dolla

34、rs attracting top talent C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than s

35、imply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講了建立一支最佳陣容球隊(duì)比簡(jiǎn)單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復(fù)雜得多。一支一流球隊(duì)可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些優(yōu)雅量的普通球員。 46.B 上文說(shuō)“大多數(shù)人相信建立一個(gè)偉大團(tuán)隊(duì)的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天賦的人 個(gè)人”。下文說(shuō)“公司花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬(wàn)雇傭頂級(jí)商業(yè)人士?！痹摽粘猩蠁⑾拢彩窃谂e例，B選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)老板花費(fèi)數(shù)

36、百萬(wàn)美元吸引頂尖人才。”切題，故選B。 47.E 下文說(shuō)“他們專注于足球、籃球和籃球。結(jié)果有好有壞。”該空引出下文，E選項(xiàng)“最近的幾項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了體育世界中人才的作用?！鼻蓄}，故選E。 48.G 上文說(shuō)“為了解釋這一現(xiàn)象，研究人員探索了一場(chǎng)好的表現(xiàn)要求隊(duì)員們協(xié)調(diào)他們行動(dòng)的程度”，下文說(shuō)明了研究結(jié)果，該空承上啟下，G選項(xiàng)“這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的相互依賴性使棒球區(qū)別于足球和籃球。”切題，故選G。 49.D 上文說(shuō)了“一個(gè)球星為了個(gè)人得分，而影響團(tuán)隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)”，該空承接上文，D選項(xiàng)“球星顯然沒有遵守運(yùn)動(dòng)員精神的基本原則”切題，故選D。 50.F 下文說(shuō)“一支一流球隊(duì)可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球

37、員，也需要一些優(yōu)雅量的普通球員?！痹摽找鱿挛模現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“建立一支最佳陣容球隊(duì)比簡(jiǎn)單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復(fù)雜得多?！鼻蓄}，故選F。 5. 【2019·浙江卷】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles ent

38、ered the world of music from Liverpool. After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They becam

39、e the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(傳說(shuō)). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year. ___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of mu

40、sic. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and na

41、tionwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___ A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964. B. Eve

42、n their hairstyles became major trends at that time. C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s. D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come. E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles. F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Nigh

43、t(1964)and Help！(1965). G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文中講述了披頭士的發(fā)展和影響，引領(lǐng)了一種潮流趨勢(shì)。 31. C 第一段講述搖滾音樂(lè)，根據(jù)空后的at that time可知前句提到了時(shí)間，而且與rock music有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)中只有C 項(xiàng)講的是搖滾音樂(lè)，并且講述了其發(fā)展的時(shí)間，故選C。 32. B 空前后都是講述披頭士的出名程度，根據(jù)空前extremely popular in E

44、ngland, 以及后文的they became the hottest thing可知此處描述了他們的影響，選項(xiàng)B （甚至他們的發(fā)型在那時(shí)也成為了一種潮流）符合文意，且關(guān)鍵詞even是一個(gè)提示，故選B。 33.A 根據(jù)空后They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.（他們不確定美國(guó)人怎樣反應(yīng)），可知他們首次來(lái)美國(guó)演出，所以A項(xiàng)（決定首次到美國(guó)開巡回演出）符合文意，故選A。 34. G 根據(jù)空后The concert was broadcast live…可知前句中應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)conc

45、ert，選項(xiàng)G中的關(guān)鍵詞their first concert 前后呼應(yīng)。故選G。 35. E 根據(jù)空前（由于披頭士，市場(chǎng)上出現(xiàn)了很多機(jī)會(huì)），E項(xiàng)（很多新樂(lè)隊(duì)（新面孔）都是模仿披頭士），符合邏輯。故選E。 II．閱讀理解新題型 1.閱讀表達(dá) （2019·天津卷）閱讀短文，按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。 Haze Mabry，who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans，wipes down b

46、athrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways. Last Friday，after he arrived at the school，instead of finding garbage to clean up，he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards，blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked t

47、he long hallway，some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children，"Mabry said. On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to

48、him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school，but can't name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith，who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria，and Lucy，who just wants a hug. “He won'

49、t brag（夸耀）on himself，but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is，he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him，he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building，"said

50、Lori Gilreath，a reading teacher. Mabry works circles around all the students，cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday，so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration. Over the weeke

51、nd，he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze，you are my sunshine.” 56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words） 57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words） 58

52、. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word） 59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words） 60. Who is the "sunshine” in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words） 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為記敘文。文中記敘了一位清潔工Mabry，他的日常工作就是清掃學(xué)校大樓。Mabry 愛學(xué)生，關(guān)心學(xué)生。學(xué)生們也尊敬他，喜歡他。在

53、他80生日那天，學(xué)生們用自己的方式祝賀他的生日，表達(dá)了對(duì)Mabry的熱愛。 56. 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the hallways.”可知Haze Mabry是一位清潔工，他的日常工作就是清掃學(xué)校大樓。因此本句的答案可為：Cleani

54、ng the (school) building； Or：doing（the） cleaning； Or: He cleans the (school)building； Or: He does (the) cleaning. 57. 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some p

55、opped out of line to hug him.”可知，上個(gè)周五，他發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎有800名學(xué)生在走廊里排隊(duì)，拿著手制卡片，吹口哨，為他唱了一首響亮的生日快樂(lè)歌，擁抱他。因此答案為： By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him. Or: By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him. Or

56、: They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him. Or: They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him. 58. 猜測(cè)題意題。根據(jù)第二段學(xué)生們?yōu)镸abry慶祝生日的方式和劃線詞后的內(nèi)容“Mabry thanked them all,”以及“They’re like my childr

57、en.”可知 Mabry 愛學(xué)生，把學(xué)生當(dāng)作自己的孩子。那么學(xué)生們也表達(dá)了他們對(duì)Mabry的熱愛。因此Mabry被學(xué)生的愛所感動(dòng)，故所以的“affection”相當(dāng)于“Love”，故填love。 Or: liking. Or: Fondness. 59. 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“...he will always stop what he’s doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to gi

58、ve that boy his undivided attention. He’s the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段“Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don’t want to touch. He doesn’t expect a lot.” 可知，Mabry 關(guān)心愛護(hù)孩子，幫助孩子，是一個(gè)善良、熱心的人。一個(gè)不怕臟不怕累、勤奮 工作的人。因此答案為： (Because) he loves/cares about（th

59、e）students and works hard. Or: (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work. Or: (Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students, and hard-working. Or: (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man. 60. 考查學(xué)生的觀察綜合表達(dá)能力。本題的題目：who is the "sun

60、shine" in your life?”誰(shuí)是你生活中的陽(yáng)光？只要在生活或?qū)W習(xí)中幫助過(guò)你，關(guān)心你、愛護(hù)你的，鼓勵(lì)你，安慰你的都可稱為your sunshine。因此答案可為： My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I’m faced/confronted with difficulties. Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career. Or: My friend.(Bec

61、ause) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement. 2.任務(wù)型閱讀 （2019·江蘇卷）請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。 注意:請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。 The Cost of Thinking Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. suc

62、h as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs. The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)weighing sixty kilograms have an average b

63、rain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case. The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body.

64、I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull(傾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(類人猿)require o

65、nly 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern m

66、an, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll. Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that wa