《2020年高考英語 必考點(diǎn) 專題07 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（精講深剖）（含解析）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2020年高考英語 必考點(diǎn) 專題07 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（精講深剖）（含解析）（25頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、專題07 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)精講深剖真題速遞一語法填空1.（2019全國I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 【答案】have reported【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語境，尤其是時(shí)間狀語in recent years可知，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故填have reported。2.（2019全國II卷）P
2、icking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene _(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 【答案】declared【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句主語為Irene，此處為謂語成分，根據(jù)后文had 以及said 可知用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，故填declared。3.（2019全國III卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _(recommend)wonderful places to
3、 eat，shop，and visit. 【答案】recommended【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購物和參觀的地方?！癮nd”前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關(guān)系，時(shí)態(tài)一致。故填recommended。4.（2019浙江卷）When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _ (have) to worry about fashion(時(shí)尚). 【答案】will have/has【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)每個(gè)學(xué)生在校穿校服時(shí)，沒有人會(huì)擔(dān)
4、心時(shí)尚問題。本句是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則，因此，主句可以使用將來時(shí)will do；根據(jù)語境可知，本文敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，因此，本句亦可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是nobody，謂語用has。故填will have/has。5.（2019浙江卷）One study in America found that students grades _ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 【答案】improved【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：美國的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在學(xué)校引入校服后，學(xué)生的成績有所提高。本句是after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)
5、間狀語從句，前后時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，從句使用了一般過去式，主句用一般過去式。故填improved。6.（2018全國I卷）While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.is 【答案】is【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。本文介紹了跑步的好處，通篇以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。本句中賓語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；且賓語從句中的主語為it，故用is。7.（2018全國
6、II卷）Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice. 【答案】has grown 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由句中的時(shí)間狀語Since 2011可知，此空應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。8.（2018全國II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government (start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011,
7、fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【答案】started 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處敘述發(fā)生在過去的情況，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填started。9.（2018全國III卷）I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel (challenge)【答案】challenged【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。 此處表示“我迅速低下頭避免和它直視，以便它不會(huì)感到受到挑戰(zhàn)”，主語he和challenge構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系
8、，故填challenged。10.（2018全國III卷）True to a gorillas unaggressive nature，the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.【答案】meant 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由于此處描述的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用一般過去時(shí)。11.（2018浙江卷） I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.【答案】wa
9、s shocked 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“我感到很震驚”，shock與主語I為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)根據(jù)后面的learnt可知，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，所以填was shocked。句意：我還記得訪問過一個(gè)住在這里5年的朋友，當(dāng)我知道她在這段時(shí)間里沒有煮過一次飯的時(shí)候，我很震驚。12.（2017全國I卷）When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 【答案】are removed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，由于主語fat a
10、nd salt是復(fù)數(shù)概念，且與remove是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以填一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)are removed。句意：當(dāng)脂肪和鹽被從食物中除去時(shí)，食物的味道就好像它缺少某種東西一樣。13.（2017全國II卷）Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise. 【答案】were used【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。steam engines與use是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)
11、的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：用冒著煙霧和帶有噪音的蒸汽機(jī)拉馬車，這對乘客來說一定是相當(dāng)不愉快的體驗(yàn)。14.（2017全國II卷）Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. 【答案】managed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。全文講述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)。句意：后來，工程師們成功地在一個(gè)深挖隧道的系統(tǒng)中建造鐵路，這種系統(tǒng)被稱為地鐵。15. （2017全國III卷）Sarah (tell) that she could b
12、e Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 【答案】has been told/was told【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境，薩拉應(yīng)該是“被告知”她能成為英國新的超模兒，可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。句意：有人告訴薩拉，她可能成為英國的新超級名模，下一年可以賺一百萬美元。16.（2017全國III卷）But at the moment，school (come) first.【答案】comes【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處為陳述客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。二單句改錯(cuò)1.（2019全國III卷）
13、Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. 【答案】required改為requires【解析】本句考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。短文的主體時(shí)態(tài)都是現(xiàn)代時(shí)。故把 required改為 requires。2.（2018全國I卷）During my last winter holiday，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there. 【答案】find改為found【解析】本句考查動(dòng)
14、詞的時(shí)態(tài)。find改為found?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)前一句中的時(shí)間狀語“During my last winter holiday”可知，本文講述作者去年寒假的故事。所以此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故把find改為found。句意：在去年寒假，我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下看望我的祖父母，我發(fā)現(xiàn)那里有很大的變化。3.（2018全國II卷）Still I unwilling to play the game with them sometimes. 【答案】在I后加was【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。此句缺謂語動(dòng)詞，be unwilling to do sth.是固定用法，表示“不愿做某事”。結(jié)合語境和時(shí)態(tài)可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故
15、在I后加was。4.（2018全國III卷）It was Monday morning，and the writing class had just begin. 【答案】begin改為begun【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處為過去完成時(shí)，故應(yīng)用過去分詞。5.（2017全國I卷）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car，my mind goes blank. 【答案】goeswent【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。文章描述過去的經(jīng)
16、歷，上下文均使用了相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，這里應(yīng)保持一致，用一般過去時(shí)，所以把goes改為went。句意：在上車之前，我以為我已經(jīng)領(lǐng)會(huì)了教練的指令，但是一旦我發(fā)動(dòng)了這輛車，我的頭腦就變得空白了。6.（2017全國II卷）When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 【答案】camecomes【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。 when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。7.（2017全國III卷）I had grown not only physically, but also mentally i
17、n the past few years. 【答案】had改為have 【解析】考查謂時(shí)態(tài)。由in the past few years可知句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。8.（2017全國III卷）About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. 【答案】become改為became【解析】考查謂時(shí)態(tài)。句子用了過去時(shí)，and連接并列謂語entered和became。故把become改為be
18、came句意：在這張照片拍攝一個(gè)月后，我進(jìn)入高中二年級，成為學(xué)校音樂俱樂部的新成員?？季V解讀課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求中學(xué)生掌握常見的十種時(shí)態(tài)用法。近三年來各地試題考查最多的是一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。高考中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)命題，每年每份試卷中都有23個(gè)小題，每小題均設(shè)置明確的語境。一般來說，命題人總是把易混淆或相近的時(shí)態(tài)放在一起，增加考題的難度。而被動(dòng)語態(tài)的考點(diǎn)大都集中在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)，近三年來考查最多的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其次是一般過去時(shí)。知識梳理動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的考查要點(diǎn)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(1)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)。Time and tide wait for
19、 no man.(2)表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。They always care for each other and help each other.(3)表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belong to，seem等。Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.
20、1 Middle School.(4)在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party，my family will be pleased.(5)少數(shù)用于表示起止的動(dòng)詞如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時(shí)間或事先安排肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的
21、狀態(tài)時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The shop closes at 1100 p.m. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.【考題印證】單句語法填空1.(2017全國III卷) Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school (come)first。”【答案】comes【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處為陳述客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2.(2015全國卷) This cycle (go) day after day: The walls warm up during
22、the day and cool off during the night and are thus ways a timely offset(抵消) for the out side temperatures.【答案】goes【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。本句中講述的是一種新型建筑的客觀特點(diǎn)，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故填goes。2.一般過去時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(1)一般過去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示)；用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。We met her in the street yesterday.Whe
23、n he was young，he took cold baths regularly.(2)如果從句中有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間狀語，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用過去時(shí)。He told me he read an interesting novel last night. (3)表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時(shí)。如：but，and，when，as soon as，immediately，the moment，the minute等。The moment she came in，she told me what had happened to her.He
24、 bought a watch but lost it.(4)常用一般過去時(shí)的句型。Why didnt you think of that？I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.【考題印證】1.(20176月浙江高考) Pahlsson and her husband (search)the kitchen, checking every cornerbut turned up nothing。【答案】searched【解析】考查動(dòng)
25、詞時(shí)態(tài)。本句中，but連接兩個(gè)并列謂語動(dòng)詞，形式應(yīng)該一致，故填過去式searched。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫找遍了廚房的每一個(gè)角落，但是一無所獲。2.(2016四川高考) However， it stayed with her and learned out the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother (drive) the young panda away.【答案】drove【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上一句的時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)態(tài)和本句中“Then, after two and a half ye
26、ars”可知填過去式drove。句意：然而，它和媽媽呆在一起，學(xué)會(huì)了森林的生活方式。然后，兩年半后，媽媽把小熊貓趕走了。3.(2014全國I卷)In1969， the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio. It (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.【答案】was【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)本句中從句部分“ it could ever be cleaned up”可知主句謂語該用過去式，故填was。句意：1969年，俄亥俄州克利夫蘭附
27、近的凱霍加河沿岸的污染非常嚴(yán)重。難以想象它能被清理干凈。單句改錯(cuò)1.(2016全國III卷)However, my parents didnt seem to think so. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. 【答案】tell改為told【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上一句的時(shí)態(tài)以及句意“然而，我的父母似乎并不這么認(rèn)為。他們總是告訴我該做什么和怎么做?！笨芍揪湟矐?yīng)該用過去時(shí)態(tài)，故把tell改為told。2.(2015全國卷) Tony was scared and begun to cry. 【答案】begun改為began【解
28、析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。本句中，and連接兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該保持一致，故把begun改為began。3.(2015全國卷) A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 【答案】telling改為told【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。and連接兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該保持一致，故把telling改為told。句意：一個(gè)女人看見他在哭，叫他在商店外面等。3.一般將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(1)表示未來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用will/shall動(dòng)詞，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：tomorrow，next week等。(2)表示一種趨向或習(xí)
29、慣動(dòng)作。Well die without air or water.(3)表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞如come，go，start，begin，leave等詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來時(shí)。(4)be going to，will/shall，be to do，be about to do的用法及區(qū)別：be going to 表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈拢@種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；shall/will do表示未事先考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。be going to 表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。If it is fine，well go fishi
30、ng.If it is fine，we are going to go fishing.be to do表按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 300 oclock this afternoon.be about to do表示“即將，正要”，后面不能接時(shí)間狀語或狀語從句。Autumn harvest is about to start.【考題印證】1. （2016北京高考改編）The students have been working hard on their lessons and their effort
31、s （reward） with success in the end.【答案】will be rewarded【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。2. （2016北京高考改編）More efforts，as reported， （make）in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.【答案】will be made【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句中時(shí)間狀語“in the years ahead ”要用于一般將來時(shí)。根據(jù)句意“據(jù)報(bào)道，在未來的幾年里，我們將做出更多的努力，以加快供應(yīng)方的結(jié)構(gòu)改革.”可知要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填will be
32、made。4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(1)表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃；go，come等表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)；與always，often等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種感情色彩。She is teaching English and learning Chinese.He is working on a paper.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.The girl is always talking loud in public
33、.(2)下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。表存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to等。表示行為結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等?！究碱}印證】（2014北京高考改編）Hi，lets go skating。sorry，
34、Im busy right now.I (fill)in an application form for a new job.【答案】am filling【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)前面一句中的時(shí)間狀語“right now”可知本句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填am filling。5.過去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(1)常用過去完成時(shí)的幾種情況。在by，by the end，by the time，until，before，since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句的句子中。By the end of last year，we had produced 20,000 cars.The train had left bef
35、ore we reached the station. 表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞的過去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned.to have done?！皶r(shí)間名詞before”在句中作狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years
36、 ago.在hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner than.句式中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，表示“一就”。當(dāng)hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首時(shí)，其后要用部分倒裝。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.(2)在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。After he (had) left the room，the boss came in.We arrive
37、d home before it snowed.【考題印證】(2018全國III卷)It was Monday morning,and the writing class had just begin. 【答案】begin改為begun【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“那是星期一上午，寫作課才剛開始?！笨芍獙懽髡n開始在前，需用過去完成時(shí)，故把begin改為begun。6.過去將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的觀點(diǎn)來預(yù)計(jì)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語從句中，主句常是一般過去時(shí)。He always said that he would study hard at that time.
38、7.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.【考題印證】1.（2017天津高考改編）I （drive）down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.【答案】was driving【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句考查“be doing sth when”正在做某事，突然結(jié)構(gòu)，故填was driving。2.（2018北京高考改編）Susan had quit her well-p
39、aid job and （work）as a volunteer in a neighbourhood when I visited her last year.【答案】was working【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“去年我去拜訪蘇珊時(shí)，蘇珊辭去了她的高薪工作，并在附近的街區(qū)做志愿者工作”可知，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故填was working。8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除可以和for，since引導(dǎo)的狀語連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語連用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months，weeks)，in recent years，so f
40、ar，up to now等。(2)下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)It is(has been)一段時(shí)間since從句This(That/It) is the first(second.) time that現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This(That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting.that現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(3)在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替將來完成時(shí)。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment，you will realize the
41、theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.【考題印證】單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1.(2018全國卷) Diets have changed in China -and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country (grow)more corn than rice.【答案】has grown【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句首的“Since 2011”可知，本句該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故填has grown。句意：中國的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化-中國的最高糧食作物也是如此。自2011年以來，該
42、國種植玉米比水稻多。2.(2018北京高考改編) Chinas high- speed railways (grow)from 9, 000 to 25, 000 kilometers in the past few years.【答案】have grown【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句尾的時(shí)間狀語“in the past few years”可知本句該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填have grown。3.(2017全國卷) I had grown not only physically， but also mentally in the past few years. 【答案】had 改為have 【解析】
43、考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句尾的時(shí)間狀語“in the past few years”可知本句該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故把had 改為have 。3.(2018江蘇高考改編) Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e mailing each other, for we (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.【答案】will have developed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。9.注意幾組時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別(1)一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：時(shí)間上有差異：凡有過去時(shí)間的均用一般過去時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，
44、如含有ago，last year，just now，the other day等。結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去”，和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。(2)過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)：過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過去的過去”；如出現(xiàn)同一主語連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作(“連謂”)形式則只用一般過去時(shí)即可。動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)考查要點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以do為例)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般is/am/aredonewas/were/donewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone進(jìn)行is/am/arebeingdonewas/
45、werebeingdone完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone考點(diǎn)二被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法1.不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或沒有必要指明誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 The window is dirty. 窗戶臟了。 I know.It hasnt been cleaned for weeks. 我知道。好幾周沒擦了。2.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者或事件本身。 All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at h
46、ome. 除了經(jīng)理以外,所有的雇員都被鼓勵(lì)在家網(wǎng)上辦公。特別提示 “get+過去分詞”也可以表示被動(dòng),此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化。She got married last week.她上周結(jié)婚了。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治療。He fell off the car and got killed.他從汽車上掉下來,摔死了。3.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊用法 (1)英語中有很多動(dòng)詞,如break, catch, clean, drive, look, open, sell, read, write, wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征時(shí),
47、常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語通常是物;在這種情況下,常常和easily, well等副詞連用。 The sign reads as follows.這牌子告示如下。 The machine runs well.這種機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。 (2)表示感受、感官的系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, look等后跟形容詞、名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),無被動(dòng)形式。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由聽起來合理。(3)在need, want, require, deserve, bear等動(dòng)詞、worth等形容詞的后面, 動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定
48、式的被動(dòng)形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 這所房子需要修理。(4)在某些“主語(人/物)+be+形容詞+不定式”中不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。 The problem is difficult to work out.這道題很難計(jì)算出。(可看作to work out省略了for me)(5)be to rent/blame也屬于主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。 Who is t
49、o blame for the mistake? 誰應(yīng)為這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤接受譴責(zé)?【考題印證】單句語法填空1.(2018北京高考改編) A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.【答案】had been trapped【解析】考查過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“一名救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)救了兩名游客，他們在山上被困了兩天?！笨芍仍l(fā)生在被困之后，救援是過去時(shí)，則被困是過去完成時(shí)且是被動(dòng)，故填had been trapped。2.(2018天津高考改編) My
50、washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.【答案】is being repaired【解析】考查正在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“這個(gè)星期我的洗衣機(jī)正在被修理，所以我不得不用手洗衣服?！笨芍谜谶M(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填is being repaired。3.(2018江蘇高考改編) I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan （carry) out in the past two years?！敬鸢浮?/p>
51、has been carried【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)句尾的“ in the past two years”可知空格處該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；又因?yàn)閠he development plan與carry out是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填has been carried?？键c(diǎn)精講“3招”巧解語法填空 1.掌握獨(dú)特的時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志(1)看到 always， often， seldom， sometimes， usually等要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day等要想到用一般過去時(shí)；(3)看到 tomorr
52、ow， next year等要想到用一般將來時(shí)；(4)看到now， at present等要想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);(5)看到 at that time，then， at six oclock yesterday等要想到用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；(6)看到this time tomorrow, from 1 oclock to 3 oclock，tomorrow等要想到用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)；(7)看到since, so far, up to now, in the last/past few years等要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；(8)看到by/ until/ before/ by the end of+“表示過去的某時(shí)間”
53、，要想到用過去完成時(shí)?！舅悸伏c(diǎn)撥】1. Last year, I (be) lucky enough to take part in an event called Shanxi in the eyes of foreigners.【答案】was【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句首時(shí)間狀語“Last year”可知本句用一般過去時(shí)，故填was。句意：去年，我有幸參加了一個(gè)名為“外國人眼中的山西”的活動(dòng)。2. Its success is very encouraging in todays television world where reality shows (play) a leading par
54、t so far.【答案】have played【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句尾時(shí)間狀語“so far”可知本句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填have played。句意：它的成功在今天的電視世界中非常令人鼓舞，在那里真人秀節(jié)目到目前為止都處于領(lǐng)先地位。3. Tom was shocked to realize that the two-month summer vacation (pass)before he knew it.【答案】had passed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句尾從句“before he knew it”可知本句用過去完成時(shí)，故填had passed。句意：湯姆意識到這兩個(gè)月的暑假不知不覺就已
55、經(jīng)過去了，感到很震驚。4. The festival traditionally (begin) on the first day of the first month in the Chinese calendar and ends with Lantern Festival which is on the 1 5th day.【答案】begins【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“這個(gè)節(jié)日傳統(tǒng)上從在農(nóng)歷的第一個(gè)月的第一天開始，在第15天的元宵結(jié)束時(shí)結(jié)束。”可知本句說的是客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，填begins。5. The styles, rules, and regulations for Ch
56、inese poetry gradually (change) over the centuries until the time of the Tang Dynasty.【答案】changed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句尾時(shí)間狀語“until the time of the Tang Dynasty”可知本句用過去時(shí)，故填changed。句意：幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，中國詩歌的風(fēng)格和規(guī)則逐漸發(fā)生變化，直至唐代。2.熟記句式，利用語境暗示(1)be doing when，主句常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí);(2)It is/ has been+時(shí)間段+ since.表示“自從以來已經(jīng)”主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或
57、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用般過去時(shí);(3)祈使句+and/or+陳述句，陳述句常用一般將來時(shí)；(4)有些題目在時(shí)間狀語和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，正確理解語境也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的行之有效的方法。6. One day I (read) a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman-Lindas married name.【答案】was reading【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句考查了be doing sth when結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去
58、進(jìn)行時(shí)，故填was reading。句意：有一天，當(dāng)我讀一份報(bào)紙時(shí)突然看到一張照片，照片上的一位年輕女子長得很像琳達(dá)，她的姓是瓦格曼-琳達(dá)的已婚名字。7. Take the chance, or you (regret) it.【答案】will regret【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句考查“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，期中陳述句常用一般將來時(shí)，故填 will regret。3.分清主動(dòng)被動(dòng)，辦析語態(tài)看到動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，后面缺少賓語要想到用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。【思路點(diǎn)撥】8. The song which (sing)on the stage now was just written by Albert
59、, for whom being a famous musician is his forever dream.【答案】is being sung【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“現(xiàn)在舞臺上正在被演唱的那首歌是阿爾貝寫的，對他來說成為一名著名的音樂家是他永遠(yuǎn)的夢想?！笨芍钫谶M(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填is being sung。9.It (report) that many people die of traffic accidents each year.【答案】is reported【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句考查its is reported that 結(jié)構(gòu)，故填is reported。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道每
60、年有很多人死于車禍。10. According to the result of the inspection, they found that the insect contains a powerful drug, so local farmers (employ) to catch the insects.【答案】were employed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“根據(jù)檢查結(jié)果，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種昆蟲含有一種強(qiáng)力的藥物，因此當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民被雇用來捕捉這些昆蟲?！笨芍顆ere employed。11. At the end of December, the librarys old and cla
61、ssic books (put) online too, bringing borrowers a lot of convenience.【答案】will be put【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“到12月底，圖書館的舊書和經(jīng)典圖書也將被放到了網(wǎng)上，給借閱者帶來了很大的便利?！笨芍钜话銓頃r(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填will be put。12. Facial recognition technology (extend ) into many areas of school life so far.【答案】has been extended【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)本句結(jié)尾的時(shí)間狀語so far 可知本句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，再根據(jù)句意“到目前為止，面部識別技術(shù)已經(jīng)被擴(kuò)展到學(xué)校生活的許多領(lǐng)域?！笨芍揪湓撚帽粍?dòng)語態(tài)，故填現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)has been extended。短文改錯(cuò)題“2關(guān)注”1.關(guān)注時(shí)態(tài)一“5個(gè)根
2020年高考英語 必考點(diǎn) 專題07 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（精講深剖）（含解析）
