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1、專題二 閱讀理解說明類專練（90分鐘，90分）考點(diǎn)01：01 冠詞 3顆星考點(diǎn)02：代詞 3顆星考點(diǎn)03：介詞和介詞短語 2顆星考點(diǎn)04: 名詞 3顆星 考點(diǎn)05：主謂一致 5顆星考點(diǎn)06：形容詞和副詞 5顆星考點(diǎn)08：非謂語動詞 5顆星考點(diǎn)09：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 5顆星考點(diǎn)10：定語從句 3顆星考點(diǎn)13：狀語從句 3顆星考點(diǎn)14：特殊句式 2顆星考點(diǎn)17：閱讀理解說明文 5顆星第I卷（選擇題）（每題2分，共30分）一閱讀理解A（考點(diǎn)17較易） In the United States, it is important to be on time , or punctual , for an
2、appointment , a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered the difference while teaching a class in a Brazilian(巴西的) university. The two-hour class was scheduled to begin at 10 A.M. and end at 12. On the first day , when the professor arri
3、ved on time, no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10:30 A.M. Two students came after 11 A.M. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, few apologized(道歉)for their lateness.Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students behavior. The professor
4、 talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation:at a lunch with a friend and in a university class, respectively.He gave them an example and asked them how they would react, If they had a lunch appointment with a friend,the average American studen
5、t defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time. On the other hand, the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes. In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour.In contrast, in Brazil,neither the teacher nor the students always arri
6、ve at the appointed hour.Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States,but also end at the scheduled time.In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at 12:00;many remained past 12:30 to discuss the class and ask more questions.While arriving late may not be very i
7、mportant in Brazil , neither is staying late.1.The wordpunctual most probably means_.考點(diǎn)17 易A.leaving soon after classB.coming earlyC.arriving a few minutes lateD.being on time2.Why did the professor study the Brazilian students behavior?考點(diǎn)17 易A.He felt puzzled at the students being late.B.He felt an
8、gry at the students rudeness.C.He wanted to make the students come on time later.D.He wanted to collect data for one of his studies.3.It can be inferred from the professors study of lateness in the informal situation that _.考點(diǎn)17 易A.American students will become impatient if their friend is five minu
9、tes lateB.neither Brazilian nor American students like being late in social gatheringsC.being late in one culture may not be considered so rude in another cultureD.Brazilian students will not come thirty-three minutes after the agreed time4.What is the main idea of this passage?考點(diǎn)17 易A.It is importa
10、nt to be on time for class in the United States.B.The importance of being on time differs among cultures.C.People learn the importance of time only from their own culture.D.Students being late for class should explain the reason to their teacher.B（考點(diǎn)17中難）Languages have been coming and going for thou
11、sands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (聯(lián)系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the
12、 world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development
13、of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the worl
14、d has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1
15、,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位數(shù)) of speakers is mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 langu
16、ages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much
17、chance of survival.5.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?考點(diǎn)17 易A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.6.Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2?考點(diǎn)17 易A.complex.B.advanced.
18、C.powerful.D.modern.7.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.考點(diǎn)17 易B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.C（考點(diǎn)17中難）Australia,the last continent,was discovered by ships belongi
19、ng to some European nations in the seventeenth century, these nations were less interested in changing it into a colony(殖民地)than in exploring(勘探)it.As in the early history of the United States,it was the English who set up the settlements(新拓展地 ) in Australia.This history and the geography of these t
20、wo British colonies have some other things in common as well.Australia and the United States are about the same in size,and their western lands are both not rich in soil.It was the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards
21、the west.However,this westward movement took place more because the English were searching for better land than because the population was increasing.Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold was discovered in America in 1849and in Australia two years later.Altho
22、ugh the development of these two countries has a lot in common,these are some striking differences as well.The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war.Australia, unlike the United States,was firstly turned into
23、 a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising.By 1922,for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people,or almost half as many sheep as the people there in the United States.Yet,in spite of these and other main differences, Au
24、stralia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.8.Who turned Australia into a colony?考點(diǎn)17 易A.BritainB.Several European countries.C.The United States of America.D.None of the above.9.In the early history of America and Australia
25、,both colonies developed towards the west firstly for the reason that_考點(diǎn)17 易A.the population was increasing rapidly in the eastB.the English thought there might be richer land thereC.gold was discovered thereD.fewer people lived there10.In the early 1920s_考點(diǎn)17 易A.Australia had one fifteenth as many
26、people as sheepB.there were more sheep in Australia than in the United StatesC.the population in Australia was greater than that of the United StatesD.the United States had twice as many sheep as people11.The last sentence in the last paragraph “Australia and the United States have more in common wi
27、th each other than either one has with most考點(diǎn)17 中難A.the United States and Australia do not have any main differencesB.the United States and Australia have much more in common than they have with other countriesC.the United States and Australia have nothing in common with the rest of the worldD.in co
28、mmon with the rest of the world, the United States and Australia have a lot of differencesD（考點(diǎn)17易）Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254. When he was 17 years old, he traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese. When they eventually arrived in Beijing, they
29、 were warmly welcomed by Kublai Khan, the Yuan Dynasty Emperor. Marco was very clever and could speak four languages. The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends. He asked Marco to serve in his court and sent him to so many important tasks across the country.Marco Polo, in turn, was ama
30、zed by how beautiful and powerful China was. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperors Palace, especially the Summer Palace.There were many inventions and developments in China, which were not available in Europe at that time. Marco Polo was amazed to see Chinese people using paper money in
31、markets. In Europe, people paid for goods with gold or silver. He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel, as he had never seen coal before!After 17 years of service to the Emperor, Marco Polo returned to Italy. Unluckily, a local war broke out, and he was caught and put i
32、nto prison. He met another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. The prisoner was an author and he took dictation while listening. Later he wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, one of the best sellers (暢銷書) in Europe.12.Why did Marco Polo and his fath
33、er travel to China?考點(diǎn)17 易A.To trade with Chinese.B.To draw a map of ChinaC.To write a book about China.D.To make friends with the Chinese.13.Marco Polo was amazed to see Chinese people paying for goods with _.考點(diǎn)17 易A.goldB.silverC.paper moneyD.black stones14.Who wrote the book The Descriptions of th
34、e World?考點(diǎn)17 易A.Kublai KhanB.A prisonerC.Marco PoloD.Marco Polos father15.What do you know about Marco Polo from the passage?考點(diǎn)17 易A.He helped his father learn four languages.B.He taught Chinese people how to use coal.C.He became a prisoner in Beijing.D.He served the Emperor for 17 years.第II卷（非選擇題）（
35、每題1.5分，共60分）語法填空 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。（1）難度適中Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country _考點(diǎn)09(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _考點(diǎn)01 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is
36、_(actual)考點(diǎn)06 behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice_考點(diǎn)08 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. Thi
37、s switch has decreased_ 考點(diǎn)04 (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _考點(diǎn)06 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when t
38、he government _(start) a soil-testing program _考點(diǎn)10 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _考點(diǎn)14 (feed) its ci
39、tizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. says the banks Juergen Voegele.（2）易 Running is good for your health. It may help to protect you _考點(diǎn)03heart disease and other health problems. Running may also help you live longer. According to a research _考點(diǎn)08 (do) in the
40、 US recently, runners are a great deal _考點(diǎn)06 (health) than non-runners. In fact, the runners live, on average, three years longer than the non-runners. Running may be good exercise, but it can be difficult on the body. Here _考點(diǎn)05 (be) commonly shared ideas among fitness experts to lower the risk of
41、injury for people _考點(diǎn)08 (run) regularly. Do not run too much, too soon or too fast. Most people get running injuries when they push _考點(diǎn)02 (they) too hard. Get good running shoes. You should find the shoes _考點(diǎn)10 offer the best fit and support for your feet. More _考點(diǎn)06 (important), you should have a n
42、ew pair of shoes every 500 to 800 kilometers. After each run, write down notes about what you did and _you felt. You may find that your knees hurt when you run sometimes. Or perhaps you feel great when you have _考點(diǎn)01 rest between running days. These notes will help you make the best plan for running
43、.（3）易Hollywood filmmakers visit Mulans roots Hollywood filmmakers, including creators of the 1998 Disney film Mulan, will start_考點(diǎn)01 “discovery trip” to Mulans birthplace Huangpi District in Hubei Province this week. During the two-day visit, they will see a number of Mulan-themed_ 考點(diǎn)04 ( performanc
44、e) , such as the horse lighting show and the local opera. They will also visit places of historical interest,_ 考點(diǎn)03 the Mulan Mountain and the Generals Temple. In the 20 years since the Disney film came out, _考點(diǎn)02 (it) director Tony Bancroft hasnt been to the land of Mulans roots. For me, its a full
45、 circle tour of where my favorite character was born. Im also doing my homework for the next film,he said. “China used to be closed off to Westerners, thus _ 考點(diǎn)08 ( create) a mystery, but in the last few years, U. S. films _ 考點(diǎn)09 (explore ) the Chinese culture and environment,_ 考點(diǎn)10 has opened audie
46、nces to a whole new world. I believe the tale of Mulan appeals to Westerners mainly_ 考點(diǎn)13 its about a daughters respect for her family,_ 考點(diǎn)06 (especial) her father,” Bancroft added. A live-action remake of the 1998 film is expected to hit theaters in 2019. The Walt Disney Studios has announced that
47、Chinese actress Liu Yifei, also _ 考點(diǎn)08 ( know) as Crystal Liu, is going to star in the classic Chinese tale.（4）易A mother returned home very tired. Her 8-year-old son ran up to her. He was waiting for her and wanted to tell her 1._ his younger brother had done.“While I was out playing and Dad was on
48、a call, Tyler took his crayons and wrote on the wall! I told him you would be mad at him 2._ 考點(diǎn)03 doing it again, but I couldnt stop him.”She let out a long sigh and asked: “He did it again? 3._is your brother now?”“He is in his room.”She walked to the younger sons room. She called 4._考點(diǎn)02/03 full n
49、ame as she entered. Then, she found Tyler 5._考點(diǎn)08 (try) to hide. He knew that the worst moments 6._考點(diǎn)09 (come)! For the next 10 minutes, the room was full of the sound of her shouting about the expensive wallpaper. She scolded the little boy for his bad behavior. The more she scolded, the 7._考點(diǎn)06 (a
50、ngry)she got.Then she headed for the living room 8._考點(diǎn)08 (see)what he had written. As she saw the wall, her eyes flooded with tears at once. It said “I love Mommy” and 9. _考點(diǎn)09 (surround) with a heart.Well, the wallpaper remained, just as she found it, with10._考點(diǎn)01 emptyframe(框) hung around it. 參考答案
51、一、閱讀理解A、答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B解析：1.本文講述了不同的國家對于準(zhǔn)時的理解是不一樣的,是有文化差異的。主旨大意題?？v觀全文,本文講述了不同的國家對于準(zhǔn)時的理解是不一樣的,是有文化差異的,故選D2.詞義猜測題。being on time 是此題的解題思路:從原文it is important to be on time,or punctual中的or得出punctual和be on time意思相近。故選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文中的Were these students being rude?He decided to study the studentsbeha
52、vior。可知他對此表示困惑,故選C4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)In contrast,in Brazil,neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour.可知其中關(guān)鍵詞語In contrast和形成對比/比較,可知B為答案 B、答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.D C、答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B D、答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D 二、語法填空（1）答案：has grown; the; actually; to improve; than; p
53、ollution; global; started; that/which; feeding解析：本文是一篇說明文。文中講述了中國為保護(hù)環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名認(rèn)識的認(rèn)可。考查時態(tài)。since加時間點(diǎn),主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:2011年以來,中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown?？疾楣谠~。句意:玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長了近125%,而大米只增長了7%。故是特指在過去的25年里。故填the?？疾楦痹~。句意:對肉的需求實(shí)際上是這種變化的背后原因。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,用副詞修飾句子。故填actually?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意:為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大
54、米。沒有連詞可以且謂語動詞是encourages,故improve應(yīng)該用非謂語動詞。此處表示目的,故用不定式。故填to improve?？疾檫B詞。句意:玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞less可知,填比較連詞。故填than?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:這一轉(zhuǎn)變減少了中國較大的湖泊和水庫的污染,使人們的飲用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名詞作賓語,故填pollution?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:中國約占全球化肥總消費(fèi)量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名詞短語,故應(yīng)該用形容詞修飾。故填global?？疾橹^語動詞。句意:在2005年政府開始了一項(xiàng)土壤測試項(xiàng)目。本句是when
55、引導(dǎo)的定語從句,由于時間是2005年,故用過去時。故填started?？疾槎ㄕZ從句關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)空后的謂語動詞gives可知,該空缺少主語,指代program并且引導(dǎo)后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which?？疾槭÷跃洹＞湟?中國在養(yǎng)活了中國人民的同時又保護(hù)了環(huán)境。這一做法為全世界的農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食政策制定人提供了很有用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?？崭裉幈硎菊谶M(jìn)行的動作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原則:在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、,讓步狀語從句中,如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致且含有be動詞時,那么可以把主語和be動詞一塊省略。故填feeding。 （2）答案：agai
56、nst/from; done; healthier; are; running; themselves; that/which; importantly; how; a解析：【文章大意】跑步有益健康,但跑步時需要注意一些重要事項(xiàng)。1.against/from 考査介詞。protect sb. against/from.是習(xí)慣搭配,意思是“保護(hù)某人免遭”。2.done考査非謂語動詞。done in the US recently是過去分詞短語作定語,分詞動作do與被修飾詞research之間是被動關(guān)系。3.healthier考査比較級。由句中than non-runners可知,這里應(yīng)該填hea
57、lthy的比較級形式;a great deal修飾比較級,表示程度, 意思是“得多”。4.are考査時態(tài)與主謂一致。該句使用了完全倒裝,主語是ideas, 故謂語動詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式;這里說的是一般性道理,用一般現(xiàn)在時。5.running考査非謂語動詞。running regularly是現(xiàn)在分同短語作后置定語,修飾people,分詞動作run與邏輯主語people之間是主動關(guān)系。6.themselves考査代詞。這里指的是這些人自己,故用they的反身代詞。7.that/which 考査定語從句。that/which offer the best fit and support for your
58、 feet是定語從句,修飾先行詞the shoes,關(guān)系代詞that/which在從句中作主語。8.importantly 考査詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由于修飾的是整個句子,故用important的副詞形式。9.how 考査名詞性從句?！皐hat you did and how you felt”是兩個并列的賓語從句,其中how表示“怎樣”。10.a考査冠詞。have a rest是固定短語,意思是“休息一會兒”。 （3）答案：1. a2.performances3. like4. its5. creating6. have explored7. which8. because9. especially10
59、. known解析： 1.a此處填不定冠詞a,表示“一”。2.performances考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。前面有a number of,表示 “許多”,后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。3.like考査介詞的用法。前文講的是他們也將參觀許多歷史名勝，如木蘭山和將軍廟。所以此處用like。4.its考查代詞的用法。此處要用形容詞性物主代詞作定語修飾director。5.creating考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。6.have explored考查動詞的時態(tài)。由本句中的時間狀語in the last few years 可知此處用動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。7. which考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。由于此處是非限制性定語從句,且先行詞指物,所以填which。8.because考查狀語從句。此處表原因。句意:Bancroft補(bǔ)充說:“我認(rèn)為花木蘭的傳說之所以能吸引西方人主要是因?yàn)榛咎m對家人尤其是對她父親的尊重”。9.especially 考査詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由語境可知,此處要用副詞especially。10. known考查非謂語動詞。此處用過去分詞known作定語修飾前面的Liu Yifei。 （4）答案：1. what 2. for3. Where4. his/the5.trying6. were coming 7.angrier 8. to see 9. was surrounded10. an 13
2020年高考英語 專題二 閱讀理解說明類專練（含解析）
