2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)習(xí)選題 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5

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1、2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)習(xí)選題 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5 一、閱讀理解。 Discovering the beauty of the science and math that shape our everyday lives，an experience in WonderLab will fuel your imagination and inspire you to see the world around you in new and exciting ways.e and enjoy yourself! What to see S

2、pread across seven different zones，there're loads of opportunities to get hands on with real scientific phenomena.Observe live experiments at our Chemistry Bar，see lightning strike before your eyes，play with forces on giant slides or travel through space under a canopy(蒼穹)of stars.You can also take

3、part in explosive science demonstrations led by our talented team of explainers.With 50 mind-blowing wonders of science to enjoy，WonderLab is an experience unlike any other.Besides，a selection of shows will be performed daily in WonderLab's beautiful new show space.They are free of charge and last 2

4、0 minutes. Tickets ●Day pass：￡6 per person. This ticket gives you day-long access to WonderLab，perfect whether you're planning a special trip to the Museum or simply passing through London and want to feed your curiosity. ●Annual pass：￡10 per person. For less than the price of two visits，give y

5、ourself a year packed full of wonder，curiosity and breathtaking experiences. Opening times Open seven days a week,10：00－18：00(last entry 17：15)．WonderLab will be closed on December 24,25 and 26 and will be open as usual from December 27. During school holidays our opening hours are 10：00－19：00(la

6、st entry 18：15)．Please note that in peak periods(from midday onwards)we are experiencing long queues due to the gallery's popularity. 1．What can you do in WonderLab? A．Explore stars. B．Produce lighting. C．Join in explosion shows. D．Do chemistry experiments. 2．How much should two visitors pay i

7、f they visit WonderLab and enjoy the shows for one day? A．￡12.　 B．￡20. C．￡32. D．￡40. 3．When can you enter WonderLab? A．9：30 on December 23. B．18：30 on school holidays. C．11：00 on Christmas. D．10：30 on December 28. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce WonderLab. B．To attract

8、people to WonderLab. C．To explain how WonderLab works. D．To analyze why WonderLab is attractive. 體裁：應(yīng)用文　題材：新聞廣告　主題：科技展 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】文章介紹了WonderLab的活動(dòng)、票價(jià)及時(shí)間安排等信息，吸引大家前去參觀(guān)游玩。 1．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)What to see小標(biāo)題下的You can also take part in explosive science demonstrations led by our talented team of explainers.可知，

9、你可以參加爆炸演示。故選C項(xiàng)。 2．A　推理判斷題。從題干可知兩位游客適合買(mǎi)第一種票，依據(jù)Day pass：￡6 per person.可知，兩位游客游覽一天需要的門(mén)票費(fèi)用為12英鎊。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Opening times小標(biāo)題下的Open seven days a week,10：00－18：00(last entry 17：15)．WonderLab will be closed on December 24,25 and 26 and will be open as usual from December 27.以及During school holidays

10、 our opening hours are 10：00－19：00(last entry 18：15)．可知，平時(shí)的開(kāi)放時(shí)間是10點(diǎn)到18點(diǎn)，圣誕節(jié)期間閉館，在學(xué)校假期的開(kāi)放時(shí)間是10點(diǎn)到19點(diǎn)，最后準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入的時(shí)間是18：15，只有D項(xiàng)符合。 4．B　推理判斷題。文章介紹了WonderLab的活動(dòng)、票價(jià)及時(shí)間安排等信息，再根據(jù)第一段末尾e and enjoy yourself！可知，本文的寫(xiě)作目的是吸引人們參觀(guān)WonderLab。故選B項(xiàng)。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Only when he arrived ________the meeting begin. 答案：did　“onl

11、y＋狀語(yǔ)(從句)”位于句首，句子要部分倒裝。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when he arrived可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填did。 2．Neither I nor John ________(be) tired of the speech. It is interesting. 答案：is　neither ... nor ... 連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)遵循“就近一致”原則，故填is。 3．________(absorb) in writing a letter, he didn't even look up when I came in. 答案：Absorbed　be absorbed

12、 in ...“全神貫注于……”，此處為分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填A(yù)bsorbed。 4．That you ________(expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. 答案：are exposed　be exposed to ...“暴露于……；接觸……”。 5．There is no sense in ________(worry) about the future. 答案：worrying　There is no sense in (doing) sth. “(做)某事是沒(méi)有意義的”。 6．Whil

13、e ________(attend) to the central task, we should unfold the work in other fields. 答案：attending　attend to “處理；照料”，從句的主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致，且謂語(yǔ)部分含有be動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)形式時(shí)，可省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，補(bǔ)充完整為：While we are attending to ...，故填attending。 7．The bank manager was really ________(blame), though he tried to put it on a clerk. 答案：

14、to blame　be to blame “應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任”，為主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 8．Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had to ________(set) up some schools for poor children. 答案：setting　contribute ... to ...“為……奉獻(xiàn)……”，其中to為介詞，其后應(yīng)用名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞形式，故填setting。 9．My parents tend to accept any idea ________(put) forward by experts

15、 on TV. 答案：put　put forward “提出”，此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞idea。 10．I recognized her voice ________moment I picked up the receiver. 答案：the　the moment “一……就……”。 三、完形填空。 Many people are constantly waiting for their life to start. “When I’m older I’ll do this.” and “In a few years I’ll do that.” They t

16、hink the life they are ___1___ is boring and meaningless. Who has never viewed himself or herself ___2___ worthless and unattractive? In others’ eyes, you are always “the funny one” and bee loud and overconfident to mask what you are actually feeling, ___3___ few people know about the way you feel

17、. All of us may ___4___ from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support, and thus need ___5___ physically, or spiritually. Just think like this way: ___6___ feelings I am feeling will eventually go away. I need to stop feeling so sorry for myself and actually want to ___7___. I am a(n)

18、___8___ lucky person who has e from a family where there is full of love and support. I have to be the one to make the ___9___ to change my way of thinking. All the good things and all the wonderful people in my life would pass eventually too. ___10___ I am feeling miserable, my life is still goin

19、g on and I am missing out on ___11___ those precious moments. We all have terrible things which happen to us and will ___12___ each of us differently. The most important thing to remember is that our ___13___ aren’t what define us. What defines us is how we ___14___ what has happened to us and ho

20、w we change the way we think about it. We can either let it bee us or we can use our newly found ___15___ to change a little bit of the world around us all. There’s something much bigger than us and our problems. It is always ___16___ to remember that there is always someone who is in a ___17___ m

21、uch worse than our own. Nevertheless, I am well on the ___18___ to being the person I want to be and I have goals and expectations of myself. I am now ___19___ that my life has started. It started years ago and it’s not ___20___ over yet. It’s happening right now. Yours is too. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：很多人都在等待最好的生活

22、，其實(shí)最好的生活就在當(dāng)下。 1. A.opposing B. predicting C. experiencing D. expecting 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)第一段第一句“很多人都在等待自己生命的新起點(diǎn)”可知，他們覺(jué)得現(xiàn)在的生活很乏味無(wú)趣 的。experience 經(jīng)歷，符合語(yǔ)境。oppose 反對(duì)；predict 預(yù)言，預(yù)料；expect 預(yù)料，期望。故選 C 項(xiàng)。 2. A.of B. as C. for D. with 【答案】B 【解析】view...as...把……看作……，為固定搭配。故選 B 項(xiàng)。誰(shuí)沒(méi)有把自己看成是毫無(wú)價(jià)值、毫不吸引人 的人呢? 3.

23、A.though B. or C. so D. but 【答案】D 【解析】設(shè)空前的“In others’ eyes, you are always ‘the funny one’ and bee loud and overconfident to mask what you are actually feeling”(在別人的眼中，你可能是一個(gè)“很有趣的人” 。你用大聲喧囂和過(guò)于 自信來(lái)掩蓋自己真正的想法)和該空后的“few people know about the way you feel”(很少有人看透你) 之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。而 though 表示的是讓步關(guān)系。故選 D 項(xiàng)。

24、 4. A.suffer B. arise C. differ D. result 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support”可知選 suffer。suffer from 意為“遭受”， 其后常接表示疾病、 自然災(zāi)害的詞， 或接 loneliness， overpopulation 等詞。 arise from 由……引起；differ from 與……不同；result from 由……造成。故選 A 項(xiàng)。我們所有人都會(huì)經(jīng)歷 挫折和沮喪，失去指引和支持，無(wú)論物質(zhì)、情感還是精

25、神上都急切需要治愈。 5. A.growth B. service C. aid D. sacrifice 【答案】C 【解析】 根據(jù)上文中的“All of us may ___4___ from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support”可知， 下文是說(shuō)我們都需要身體上或精神上的幫助。growth 增長(zhǎng)，成長(zhǎng)；service 服務(wù)；aid 援助，幫助； sacrifice 犧牲。故選 C 項(xiàng)。 6. A.pleasant B. horrible C. sensitive D. casual 【答案】B 【解析】

26、根據(jù)第八段第一句“All the good things and all the wonderful people in my life would pass eventually too.”可知，設(shè)空處所在句與該句形成對(duì)比，因此該處表示“糟糕的感覺(jué)最終會(huì)煙消云散的”。 pleasant 令人愉快的；horrible 糟糕的，可怕的；sensitive 敏感的；casual 滿(mǎn)不在乎的。故選 B 項(xiàng)。 7. A.relax B. move C. reject D. change 【答案】D 【解析】 根據(jù)空前的“I need to stop feeling so sorry for

27、myself”(我需要停止顧影自憐)可知， 下文應(yīng)是作出“改 變”。relax 放松；move 移動(dòng)，搬動(dòng)；reject 拒絕；change 改變。故選 D 項(xiàng)。不應(yīng)再自怨自艾，而 要切切實(shí)實(shí)地謀求改變。 8. A.incredibly B. eventually C. merely D. skeptically 【答案】A 【解析】incredibly 難以置信地，很，極為，非常；eventually 最后，終于；merely 僅僅，只不過(guò)；skeptically 懷疑地。句意：我是個(gè)非常幸運(yùn)的人，來(lái)自于一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)愛(ài)和支持的家庭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè) 空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是

28、family，且從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，故用 where 引導(dǎo)。故選 A 項(xiàng)。 9. A.mistake B. difference C. decision D. ment 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“to change my way of thinking”可知，此處應(yīng)是“決定改變我的思考方式”，make the decision 作決定，符合語(yǔ)境。make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)誤；make a/the difference 起作用，有影響；make a ment 作出評(píng)論。故選 C 項(xiàng)。 10. A.Because B. While C. Unless D. When 【答

29、案】B 【解析】句意為：盡管我現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)很痛苦，但生活還是要繼續(xù)，我會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)欣賞這些寶貴時(shí)刻的機(jī)會(huì)?！癐 am feeling miserable”與“my life is still going on”之間是讓步關(guān)系，while 意為“盡管”，表讓步，符合 語(yǔ)境。故選 B 項(xiàng)。 11. A.calculating B. imagining C. forgetting D. appreciating 【答案】D 【解析】句意見(jiàn)上題。根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“precious moments”(寶貴時(shí)刻)可知，應(yīng)是“欣賞，贊美”。calculate 計(jì)算，預(yù)估；imagine 想象；forget

30、忘記；appreciate 欣賞。故選 D 項(xiàng)。盡管自己沉溺于痛苦之中， 而生命的時(shí)間漏斗仍不停流轉(zhuǎn)，那你將錯(cuò)過(guò)那些值得贊美的珍貴時(shí)刻。 12. A.attract B. treat C. affect D. benefit 【答案】C 【解析】句意為：我們都會(huì)遇到一些不幸的事，它們會(huì)對(duì)我們產(chǎn)生不一樣的影響。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，發(fā)生在 我們身上的事總是影響到我們。attract 吸引；treat 對(duì)待；affect 影響；benefit 有益于。故選 C 項(xiàng)。 13. A.characters B. problems C. advantages D. experiences 【答案】B

31、 【解析】character 個(gè)性，性格，角色；problem 問(wèn)題；advantage 優(yōu)點(diǎn)；experience 經(jīng)歷。故選 B 項(xiàng)。根據(jù) 倒數(shù)第三段第一句“There’s something much bigger than us and our problems.”也可推出此處選 problems。 14. A.care about B. make up C. deal with D. answer for 【答案】C 【解析】重要的是，你要記住，我們遇到的問(wèn)題不能定義我們的本質(zhì)。能定義我們的，是我們處理問(wèn)題的 方法，以及我們對(duì)待問(wèn)題的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變。care about 關(guān)心

32、，在意；make up 形成，構(gòu)成，編造，化妝； deal with 處理；answer for 負(fù)責(zé)。故選 C 項(xiàng)。 15. A.wisdom B. energy C. chance D. patience 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)設(shè)空前的 newlyfound 及空后的“to change a little bit of the world around us all”可知，改變世界 應(yīng)該用“智慧”。wisdom 智慧；energy 能量；chance 機(jī)會(huì)，機(jī)遇；patience 耐心。故選 A 項(xiàng)。我 們或許放任自流，又或許利用我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的新智慧改變我們周邊發(fā)生的事情。 1

33、6. A.difficult B. obvious C. typical D. important 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)前一句“There’s something much bigger than us and our problems.”可知，記得總有人的處境比我 們的更糟糕，這是很重要的(important)。故選 D 項(xiàng)。 17. A.game B. relation C. position D. distance 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指有些人的處境比我們的更糟糕。position 位置；game 游戲；relation 關(guān)系； distance 距離

34、。故選 C 項(xiàng)。比我們自身和我們所遇到的問(wèn)題還重要的事情大有所在。切勿忘記總 有人的處境比我們的更糟糕。 18. A.turn B. way C. corner D. direction 【答案】B 【解析】on the way to...意為“在去……的路上”，符合句意。turn 轉(zhuǎn)變；corner 拐角處；direction 方向。 故選 B 項(xiàng)。 19. A. aware B. surprised C. afraid D. worried 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)最后一段可知，“我”現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到我的生活已經(jīng)發(fā)生了改變。aware 意識(shí)到的，明白的； surprised 驚

35、訝的；afraid 害怕的；worried 擔(dān)憂(yōu)的。故選 A 項(xiàng)。然而，我們有自己的目標(biāo)和期待， 并在自己選擇的人生道路上很好的前進(jìn)著。我們必須從現(xiàn)在起意識(shí)到屬于自己的人生其實(shí)已經(jīng)開(kāi) 始。 20. A.even B. nearly C. only D. much 【答案】B 【解析】我的人生在好久之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了，而且還沒(méi)結(jié)束?，F(xiàn)在還是進(jìn)行時(shí)。你的也一樣。not nearly 意為 “遠(yuǎn)非，絕不是”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選 B 項(xiàng)。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Although defeating in the match, we didn't lose heart. ___________

36、__________________________________________ 答案：defeating→defeated　此處表示在比賽中被打敗，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。 2．When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, pletely absorbing in the newspaper. _____________________________________________________ 答案：absorbing→absorbed　(be) absorbed in “全神貫注于……”，此處

37、為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。 3．It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉a　make sense to do sth. “做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，為固定用法，故去掉a。 4．Neither the teacher nor the students is content with the result. ________________________________

38、_____________________ 答案：is→are　neither ... nor ... 連接兩主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)遵循“就近原則”。 5．The plan was put forward at yesterday's meeting, in my opinion, is quite practical. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉was或was前加which/that　該句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is, 故put forward at yesterday's meeting為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后

39、置定語(yǔ)，修飾作主語(yǔ)的名詞plan；也可用定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)修飾先行詞plan，因此添加定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引出定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞指物，所以在was前加which/that。 五、七選五 Think about what you've learned from a particular rumor experience，and let it help you make sure it never happens again.Here are a few tips that will help you. 1 The more private information

40、that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向……吐露). Try to understand where it's ing from，and why. Is the rumor meant to hurt you，or is it just a case of misinformation or exaggeration？It's important to get this information before you react to t

41、he rumor. 2 Resist the urge to dish it out. Have you heard the saying “Someone can dish it out，but he or she can't take it”？ 3 If you spread gossip and rumors about others，you might bee a person who deserves a taste of his or her own medicine. Resist the urge to take revenge. If you've bee

42、n the victim of gossip and rumors and you know who started spreading them，you might want to go“an eye for an eye”． 4 And taking revenge in this way might make you feel good for a short time.But in the end，it will just keep the cycle of rumors going. 5 A．Be cautious about making friends. B．Be

43、 careful about your private information. C．Try to persuade more people to be on your side. D．So if you can，figure out how the rumor occurs. E．In other words，don't be the person to spread rumors. F．It's tending to make up lies or expose information that hurts others. G．And make you as much of a

44、bully(恃強(qiáng)凌弱者)as any other rumor starter. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文為說(shuō)明文。講述的是如何正確應(yīng)對(duì)謠言。 1．B　[根據(jù)下文的“The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向……吐露)．”可知，本段主要講的是“對(duì)你自己的隱私要小心謹(jǐn)慎”，故選B項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)中的“private information”也與文中的“private information”相匹配。]

45、2．D　[根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Try to understand where it's ing from，and why.”及空前的內(nèi)容可知，對(duì)謠言作出反應(yīng)前，弄清楚謠言很重要。所以如果你能的話(huà)，要弄清楚謠言的來(lái)源和起因，故D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。] 3．E　[根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Resist the urge to dish it out.”及空處上下文的內(nèi)容可知，空處講的應(yīng)是不要散播謠言相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，故E項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。] 4．F　[根據(jù)下文的“taking revenge in this way”可知，空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是報(bào)復(fù)的方法，故F項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。] 5．G　[根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容可知，如果以散布謠言的方式報(bào)復(fù)別人的話(huà)，你可能會(huì)在短期內(nèi)感覺(jué)良好，但是最后，這只會(huì)使得謠言繼續(xù)被散布，故G項(xiàng)承接上文，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了這種報(bào)復(fù)方式的消極后果。]