高一英語必修三 情態(tài)動詞(含習(xí)題及解析)

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1、情態(tài)動詞全解析 一、何謂“情態(tài)動詞”？ 情態(tài)動詞主要用來表示說話人的情感、態(tài)度等，是中學(xué)英語語法的重點，也是高考的熱點，是單項填空必考的一個知識點。情態(tài)動詞在近五年高考中主要考查四點：情態(tài)動詞表示推測和可能性的用法；情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣；情態(tài)動詞的表達“情感、態(tài)度、語氣等”，情態(tài)動詞表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。 二、情態(tài)動詞的特點 1.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 2. 有些情態(tài)動詞有過去式的變化: e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared 三、情態(tài)動詞的否定形式 情態(tài)動詞+ not +動詞原形can no

2、t: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't 四、情態(tài)動詞的用法及相互間的區(qū)別（注意：這是?？嫉目键c） 1. can , be able to be able to 表示經(jīng)過努力后, 能夠做到; be able to 有多種形式的變化。 can 1). 表示體力或腦力方面的能力; 2). 表示允許、可能性。 could 是can的過去式, 表示過去有能力及過去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑問句表示委婉地提出問題。 1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but

3、everyone ____ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 2) -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, __. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't 2.may 表示詢問或說明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能發(fā)生。might是may的過去式; 用在疑問中比may委婉、客氣。 1) -May I take this book out o

4、f the reading-room? -No, you mustn't. ( Yes, you may.) 2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may. 3. must 1). 表示必須要做的事: 必須 2) 表示很有把握的推斷: 一定, 準(zhǔn)是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必須, 不得不。過去式: had to 3) -Must I get to the station before three o'clock? -Yes, you must. ( No, you

5、needn't. ) 4) I'm afraid you will have to wait a while. 5) She must be in the classroom now. 6) Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. may not 4. shall 1) 在疑問句中, 用于第一、三人稱表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埱蟆? 2) 用于二、三人稱,表示說話人給對方的 命

6、令、警告、允諾等概念。 1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you needn’t. -Shall he turn down the radio a bit? - Yes, please.(No, please don't.) 2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it. 3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him. 4) Your brother seldom comes to s

7、ee you, ____? A. does he B. doesn't he C. will he D. isn't he 5) It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, ____? A. won't we B. will we C. don't we D. shall we 5. should 應(yīng)該 ; 應(yīng)當(dāng) 1) You should listen to the doctor's advice. 2) You should study the article carefully. 6. will, w

8、ould 1) 在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蛟儐?。用would語氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn)。 2) will 表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣性動作或狀態(tài); would 表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作或狀態(tài)。 3) will 用于各種人稱, 表示 意志、意愿、決心、允諾; would 表示過去時間的 意志、意愿、......。 (1) Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you? A. do youB. will you C. can you D. could you -Will you come with me? -Yes, I will.(I am

9、sorry , I can't.) (2) -Would you tell us something about yourself? -Yes, I will. (3) - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party. - _____ . A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't 7. ought to 應(yīng)該; 應(yīng)當(dāng) 1) You oughtn't to smoke too much. 2) She ____

10、 for what she has done. A. ought to praise B. ought be praised C. ought to have praised D. ought to be praised 8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come 1) He dare not tell the truth. 2) He doesn't dare to come out at night. 3) I don't know whether he ____ try. A. dare B. needs C. wan

11、ts D. is allowed 9. need 1). 作為情態(tài)動詞:必須 2). 作為實義動詞: 需要 A.主語是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody) B. 主語是事物 need ( doing; to be done) 1) -Do they need to take any books with them? -No, they don't need to. 2) -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we needn't. 3)

12、This farm tool needs repairing. This farm tool needs to be repaired. 4) -Shall I tell John about it ? - No, you ___ . I've told him already. A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't 5) It's a fine day. You ____ take a raincoat with you. A. can't B. mustn't

13、 C. needn't D. may not [★★★]五、情態(tài)動詞的解題例析 (1) 認真審題，結(jié)合所給出的語境，正確把握說話者的語氣、情感、態(tài)度、觀點等。 (2) 認真思考所給選項中情態(tài)動詞的基本特征和用法，并結(jié)合語境推敲答案。 (3) 要注意把握時間概念。 情態(tài)動詞無論是表達“推測和可能性”，還是表達“虛擬”這一概念，只要是對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進行描述，一律用“情態(tài)動詞+have done”這一結(jié)構(gòu)；對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖虑檫M行描述，用“情態(tài)動詞+動詞或系動詞原形”。例如： （NMET2008山東，24）Thank you for all your ha

14、rd work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 根據(jù)題干中所給出的時間last week可知我們已經(jīng)做完了工作，已經(jīng)完成，故排除A、C兩項，再結(jié)合could have done表示虛擬語氣以及與前面的I don’t think…，故說話者想表達的意思是：離開了你，我們本不可能完成這項工作。故答案為B項。 ★下面我們

15、來看看常考的一些情態(tài)動詞★ 以下試題均來源于往年的高考試題，具有很強的針對性 (1) must表示推測，意為“一定……”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意為：一定做過某事或某事肯定發(fā)生了。 例如： —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. —I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 【解析】句意為：她看上去很高興，一定是通過了考試。

16、【答案】C (2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根據(jù)常規(guī)或常識推測，表示“某事應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該發(fā)生”，語氣比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。 例如：—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 【解析】should此處表示推測，意為“應(yīng)該”。 【答案】C ②Ther

17、e _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 【解析】句意：既然你在駕校進行了大量訓(xùn)練，那么通過道路測試按理不應(yīng)該有困難。 【答案】C (3) can, could表達推測時，一般用于疑問句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一種理論上的可能性，并不牽涉是否真的會發(fā)生，在這種用法中can只能與動詞原

18、形連用；could用于肯定句中，語氣比may/ might更弱。例如： ①You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t ②She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ③It is usually

19、warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime. A. must B. can C. should D. would ④Peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must 【解析】①② 兩個考題中can用于中表示否定的推測，意為：不可能，一定不會； ③④兩個考

20、題中can表示理論上的可能性，翻譯為：有時候會……。 【答案】① B ② A ③ B ④ C (4)may (not) / might (not)表達一種不太把握的推測，意為“或許，可能”；might的語氣比may較婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如： ① Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may 【解析】may well為固定搭配，意為：很可能，極有可能。 【答案】D ② Although this ____ so

21、und like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should 【解析】這聽起來或許是一項簡單的任務(wù)，但卻需要極大的細心。 【答案】B ③—I can’t find my purse anywhere. —You __ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would 【解析】結(jié)合語境可知，回答者是在提醒對方：或許購物時把錢包丟了。 【答案】A （

22、二）表達虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動詞 對過去的一種結(jié)果的假設(shè)或虛擬，用情態(tài)動詞+have done這一結(jié)構(gòu)，常用的有以下幾個情態(tài)動詞： (1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本（不）應(yīng)該做某事，但卻沒有做或做了，含有責(zé)備或后悔之意。例如： —I’m sorry. I _________at you the other day. —Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. must

23、n’t shout C. mustn’t have shouted 【解析】對不起，我那天本不應(yīng)該對你大喊大叫的。 【答案】B (2) could have done本來能夠做某事但未做。例如： Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 【解析】

24、根據(jù)題干中所給出的時間last week可知我們已經(jīng)做完了工作，已經(jīng)完成，故排除A、C兩項，再結(jié)合could have done表示虛擬語氣以及與前面的I don’t think…，故說話者想表達的意思是：離開了你，我們本不可能完成這項工作。 【答案】B (3) needn’t have done本沒有必要做某事但卻做了。要注意needn’t do則表達“沒有必要去做某事”，時間上應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。例如? ①—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks. You ________ it. I could manage it m

25、yself. A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done 【解析】根據(jù)句意可知Catherine對對方為她打掃了房間表示感謝并提到對方不必為她打掃房間。 【答案】B ② The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D.

26、 shouldn’t 【解析】老板給所有的員工放了假，所以我們明天不必再去上班。 【答案】C (4)would (not) have done本來(不)會發(fā)生某事，但卻（發(fā)生了）或沒有發(fā)生。常用于虛擬條件句或含蓄虛擬條件引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，表示對過去所發(fā)生事情結(jié)果的假設(shè)。例如： He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have s

27、cored 【解析】句中otherwise為含蓄條件，相當(dāng)于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，這是對過去的一種虛擬假設(shè)。 【答案】D (5) might have done表示“本來可能……”，但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事。例如： What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have do

28、ne D. might have done 【解析】真是可惜！考慮到他的能力和經(jīng)驗，他本來可以做得更好的。 【答案】D （三）表達“情感、態(tài)度、語氣” 等方面的情態(tài)動詞 1. must表達“情感、態(tài)度、語氣”主要有以下用法： (1) 表示主觀的義務(wù)和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑問句，意思為“必須……，得……，要……”；由must引起的疑問句，肯定回答要用must或have to， 否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must與have to都可以表示“必須”這一含義。must表示一種主觀的需要，而have to表示一種客

29、觀的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don’ have to。 例如： -What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? --Well, it ______ be big--that's not important. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. won't 【解析】Something big?此處意為：Must it be big? 回答者的意思是：房子不必太大—那并不重要。 【答案】B

30、 (2) must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不許”。例如： When I was young, I was told that I ______ pla

31、y with matches A. wouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. daren't 【解析】當(dāng)我年輕的時候，（家人）就一直告誡我千萬不要玩火柴。 【答案】C (3) must用于條件句或疑問句中，可以用來表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。例如： ①—May I smoke here ? —If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. m

32、ust ②John, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour? A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need 【解析】must在這兩道試題中均表示“非得，偏要”。 【答案】① D ② A 2. should (1) should應(yīng)該，表示“責(zé)任和義務(wù)”。例如： According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.

33、 A. may B. can C. would D. should 【解析】should此處表示根據(jù)交通法規(guī)應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。 【答案】D (2) 在虛擬條件句中用以加強假設(shè)語氣，表示“與將來事實相反的假設(shè)”，用 If+主語+ should +動詞原形，當(dāng)“萬一(會)”講。這時可省略if，將should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。請看下面的例子： If it should rain (=Should it rain) tomorrow, I would stay at home.萬一明天下雨的話，我就待在家里。再如： ________ fired, your he

34、alth care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 【解析】句意：萬一你被解雇，給你的醫(yī)療救助和其它方面的福利也不會被取消。 【答案】B (3) should還可以用來表示說話人對某事不能理解、趕到意外、驚異等意思，譯為“竟然，竟會”。例如： You can’t imagine that a well-beha

35、ved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would 【解析】句意：你想象不到這么一個表現(xiàn)良好的紳士竟然會對一個女士這么粗魯。 【答案】C 3. shall (1) shall用于第一和第三人稱，常用于疑問句中，用來征求對方意見。例如： ①—What’s the name? —Khulaifi. _________ I spell it for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D.

36、 Might 【答案】A (2) 用于第二和第三人稱，表示“命令、威脅、警告、允諾、”等。例如： —Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report. —You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it . A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 【解析】shall此處表示“警告”。 【答案】A (3) shall也用于宣布法律、規(guī)定的要求。例如： ①—What do

37、es the sign over there read? —“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.” A. will B. may C. shall D. must 【解析】禁止吸煙是此處的規(guī)定。 【答案】C 4. can (1) can可以用來表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度，主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。例如： How ______ you say that you really understand the wh

38、ole story if you have only covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may 【答案】A (2) can也可以用來表示請求或許可。例如： —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. ______I go out and play with Tom for a while? —No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now.

39、 A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t C. May D. Won’t 【答案】A (3) can可以表達一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表達能力，但常用來表達在某件事情中所表現(xiàn)出來的能力，尤指克服困難能夠完成某事。例如： ① If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not ② T

40、he fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 【答案】C 5. would (1)will與would可表示“意愿；意志 ”。 例如： John promised his doctor he _____ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should

41、 C. could D. would 【解析】根據(jù)promise可知此處是John向醫(yī)生表明自己的意志。 【答案】D (2) would表示過去傾向性或習(xí)慣性的動作。used to 也有這一用法，但used to即可用來表達過去的習(xí)慣性的動作，也可用來表示過去的狀態(tài)。例如： ① When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might ② In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________. A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be 【解析】第一題would指過去習(xí)慣性的動作；第二題it 替代life, used to be 指過去的樣子。 【答案】A D