2019高考英語一輪基礎自練題 Unit 2 Cloning（含解析）新人教版選修8

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1、 Unit 2 Cloning 李仕才 ***閱讀理解。 Spider(蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar strings. The long, thin strings on a guitar can vibrate(振動). They move back and forth, or from side to side. So do webs made by spiders. The lines of silk they produce can carry vibrations. This movement gives the

2、 small creature information about what landed on the web. Spiders have eight legs and usually eight eyes. The animals build webs with their own soft, naturally-made silk. And much like playing the strings of a guitar, a spider can send out vibrations across its web over many different frequ

3、encies(頻率). Spiders catch their food, usually insects in their webs. They make small movements, which spread across their webs. The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web—maybe a possible mate，or something tasty to eat. Vibrations are not just used to spot what is fo

4、r dinner. They are also important in courtship(求愛), so lots of males will actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females can use to determine not only that they’re a male, but they’re the right species, and whether they might want to mate with them as well. Spiders make t

5、heir own vibrations to find out the condition of the webs. By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them when they hang out in the middle of the web.Spiders have a special ability to shape the physical nature of their self-made material

6、s and creations. Scientists think that spider silk may have changed over time for this purpose. 【解題導語】　本文介紹了蜘蛛吐出的蛛絲可以傳播不同頻率的振動，這些振動讓它們知道蜘蛛網(wǎng)上落下了什么東西并且這些振動在求愛中也非常重要。 1．How does a spider feel that an insect is caught in the web? A．Through its sense of sight. B．Through vibrations of its web. C．Thr

7、ough different frequencies. D．Through a musical pattern. B　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web”可知，蜘蛛可以通過蛛網(wǎng)的振動知道有東西落到蛛網(wǎng)上了。故選B項。 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Insects. B．Strings.

8、 C．Spiders. D．Vibrations. A　解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段的“Spiders catch their food... across their webs.”可知，蜘蛛在它們的蛛網(wǎng)上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆蟲。它們制造出傳遍整張蛛網(wǎng)的小振動。所以They指代的是昆蟲。 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Silk produces vibrations as the strings of a guitar do. B．Female spiders make special

9、sounds to attract a partner. C．Hunting will be hard for spiders if the silk is loose. D．The tightness of silk can’t be adjusted once it’s made. C　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them”可知，蛛網(wǎng)的緊密度對蜘蛛捕獵至關重要，故選C項。

10、 4．The text mainly tells readers ___________ ． A．guitars and spider webs are similar B．spider webs have various functions C．spiders are skillful in hunting insects D．vibrations are vital in a spider’s life D　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)整篇文章的敘述，尤其是第二段中的最后一句可知，D項正確。 ***語法填空。 The truth__1__trees are vital to

11、 our life is not a secret. They provide us with food, wood and most __2__(important), oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list—blocking out harmful bacteria from water. The discovery __3__(make) by a team consisting of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MI

12、T) and high school students__4__were seeking a natural water filter—one that would help communities in developing countries that do not have __5__(accessible) to modern water filter systems. The __6__(research), led by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided to turn to trees for help because they could all

13、ow liquid to flow through, while blocking out air bubbles. They began by cutting 1.5－inch－wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people related then tested the wood's filtering ability by __7__(pour) water containing red dye particles of different sizes through. To

14、their __8__(amaze), they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles. __9__(encourage), the team conducted __10__experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through. 1．________2.________3.___

15、_____4.________5.________ 　6.________7.________ 8.________ 9.________10.________ 篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。樹木對人類至關重要，本文通過兩個實驗證明了樹木除了能夠提供食物、木材、氧氣等作用外，還能夠隔離細菌。 1．that 考查同位語從句的連接詞。第1空后的內(nèi)容解釋說明名詞truth的內(nèi)容，因此設空處引導同位語從句，只起連接作用，不作成分。故填that。 2．Importantly 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“最重要的是”，應用副詞形式，構(gòu)成固定短語most importantly，故填importantly

16、。 3．was made 考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處動詞在句中作謂語。根據(jù)全文主體時態(tài)為一般過去時可知，該句也應用一般過去時；make與discovery之間為動賓關系，故應用被動語態(tài)。 4．who/that 考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導定語從句，在從句中作主語，先行詞是scientists and high school students，指人，故用who或that引導。 5．a(chǎn)ccess 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。have access to為固定短語，意為“有使用……的機會”。 6．researchers 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)本句中的decided to可知，設

17、空處應填名詞作句子主語，指“研究人員”，且由從句中的they可知，故應用復數(shù)形式researchers。 7．pouring 考查非謂語動詞。提示詞為動詞pour，空前為介詞by，其后應用動名詞。故填pouring。 8．a(chǎn)mazement 考查固定用法?！皌o one's＋名詞”為固定用法，意為“令某人……的是”，故填amazement。 9．Encouraged 考查非謂語動詞。encourage與主語the team之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，故應用過去分詞形式，在句中作原因狀語。 10．a(chǎn)nother 考查限定詞。根據(jù)第10空后的內(nèi)容可知，這個小組又做了另外一個實驗，故填anoth

18、er，意為“另一個”。 ***完形填空。 We rarely get a chance to see pure care and love for those who need it most. And this story will 　1　 serve to remind us there is still lots of good in the world and that we are responsible for 　2　 that goodness. Ms Noriza, 49 years old, was walking in the street when she s

19、melt a(an) 　3　 smell. She noticed many people were holding their 　4　 and hurried by. Looking around she found an old man in a wheelchair vomiting (嘔吐)and his clothes were made 　5　. “Nobody was helping him even though he looked so 　6　, ” Ms Noriza explained. She found some people were not only not

20、doing something about it, but were complaining. The 　7　 was more than she could bear. 　8　, she went up to help. She went and bought a pair of shorts and a T-shirt in a nearby store and helped the old man get 　9　. After that, she accompanied him back to his flat 　10　 she went to work. There was kin

21、dness shown by some other 　11　, including Mr Goh. He was so 　12　 by what Ms Noriza had done that he got his friend to 　13　 the press of this story. “Her 　14　 towards a stranger moved me. It was 　15　 and complete kindness, ” said Mr Goh. Sometimes we are so focused on conflicts, arguments and all sor

22、ts of 　16　 things that we forget that the world is what it is because of us. If we want to see a society full of love, we should deliver that 　17　 through our actions and our lives. So next time we are given this priceless 　18　 to touch someone else’s life, let us 　19　 the moment and do something

23、good, not just for the society, but for our 　20　 as well. 【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文, 介紹了Ms Noriza在大街上幫助素不相識的老人的事情。通過本文作者呼吁人們要相信善良, 秉承善良, 傳播善良, 讓社會變得更加美好。 1. A. approximately　 B. hopefully C. finally　　　 D. merely 【解析】選B。approximately大約; hopefully有希望地; finally最后; merely僅僅。在文章末段作者發(fā)表了自己的感慨, 由此判斷作者講述這個

24、故事的目的是希望人們能夠把善良的美德傳播開來, 故選B。 2. A. spreading B. praising C. searching　 D. discovering 【解析】選A。spread 傳播; praise表揚; search搜尋; discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。從文章最后兩段內(nèi)容可知作者希望人們用善良來驅(qū)逐冷漠, 用道德來傳遞溫暖, 鼓勵人們親身去做, 而不局限于僅僅去發(fā)現(xiàn)或者表揚善良的行為, 故選A。 3. A. strong B. fragrant C. sweet　　　　 D. unpleasant 【解析】選D。strong 強壯

25、的; fragrant芳香的; sweet 甜的; unpleasant不愉快的。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知Ms Noriza聞到的是老人的嘔吐物的味道, 當然不會好聞, 故選D。 4. A. ears　　　　 B. eyes C. noses　 　 D. mouths 【解析】選C。從當時的情景可知老人的嘔吐物發(fā)出難聞的味道, 路過的人都捏著鼻子, hold one’s nose“捏緊鼻子”。故選C。 5. A. wet B. dirty C. wrinkled　　 D. broken 【解析】選B。wet潮濕的; dirty臟的; wrinkled有褶皺的

26、; broken破損的。根據(jù)語境可知坐在輪椅上的老人嘔吐時把衣服弄臟了, 故選B。 6. A. pitiful B. desperate C. hopeless　　 D. merciful 【解析】選A。pitiful可憐的; desperate絕望的; hopeless 沒希望的; merciful仁慈的。在此Ms Noriza指老人的狀況很可憐, 令人同情, 故選A。 7. A. action B. smell　　 C. word　　 D. sight 【解析】選D。上文Ms Noriza描述了當時的情景, 她對沒人幫助老人的這種情形看不

27、下去, 故選D。 8. A. However　　 B. Besides　　　 C. Therefore　　 D. Otherwise 【解析】選C。however然而; besides 此外; therefore因此; otherwise否則。從語境可知此處表示因果關系, 故選C。 9. A. cleaned　　 B. dressed C. changed　　 D. shaved 【解析】選C。clean 清潔; dress打扮; change換; shave剃。根據(jù)上文可知老人把衣服弄臟了, 而且Ms Noriza給他買了新衣服, 由此判斷她幫他換上

28、干凈的衣服, get changed “換衣服”, 故選C。 10. A. before　　 B. until　 C. after　　 D. when 【解析】選A。從常識和語境可知善良的Ms Noriza先送老人回家, 然后去上班, 故選A。 11. A. customers　 B. passers-by　 C. women　　 D. salesmen 【解析】選B。從上文中的 “She noticed many people were holding their　 　and hurried by”. 可知Ms Noriza只是在大街上路過, 所

29、以選B。? 12. A. attracted　 B. encouraged　　 C. inspired　　 D. touched 【解析】選D。attract吸引; encourage鼓勵; inspire激勵; touch觸動。根據(jù)下文Mr Goh說的話 “. . . towards a stranger moved me. ”可知他被Ms Noriza的行為感動了, 故選D。 13. A. warn　　　 B. convince　 C. remind　　 D. inform 【解析】選D。warn 警告; convince使人信服; re

30、mind 提醒; inform通知。從語境可知Mr Goh讓他的朋友把Ms Noriza的善良行為告訴了媒體, 故選D。 14. A. politeness　 B. honesty　 C. selflessness　 D. carefulness 【解析】選C。politeness禮貌; honesty誠實; selflessness無私; carefulness認真。根據(jù)故事內(nèi)容以及后句中的complete kindness可知此處Mr Goh指Ms Noriza對待一個素不相識的人的那份善良和無私, 故選C。 15. A. pure　　　 B. simp

31、le　 C. common　　 D. unusual 【解析】選A。pure純的; simple 簡單的; common常見的; unusual不同尋常的。根據(jù)and連接并列成分前后一致的原則可以判斷填pure, 表示不帶有其他目的、純粹的, 故選A。 16. A. mental　　 B. negative　 C. positive　　 D. practical 【解析】選B。mental精神的; negative消極的; positive 積極的; practical實際的。根據(jù)前面列舉的名詞conflicts, arguments可知此處指一些消極、

32、負面的事情, 故選B。 17. A. motto　　 B. message　 C. speech　　 D. solution 【解析】選B。motto 箴言; message信息; speech 演講; solution解決方法。從if從句的內(nèi)容可知如果人們想要一個充滿愛的社會, 那么就需要通過我們的行為來傳遞這種信息, 故選B。 18. A. gift　　 B. situation 　　 C. experience　 D. opportunity 【解析】選D。gift禮物, 天賦; situation 情形; experience經(jīng)歷, 經(jīng)驗

33、; opportunity機會。在文中作者呼吁人們要在別人需要幫助的時候, 伸出援助之手, 由此可知此處指當人們遇到這樣的事情, 即有機會去傳遞愛心的時候, 不要錯過這個機會, 故選D。 19. A. seize 　 B. find　 C. celebrate　 D. seek 【解析】選A。seize 抓住; find 發(fā)現(xiàn); celebrate 慶祝; seek尋求。從上文可知作者希望人們遇到此事時, 把美好、善良傳遞下去, 希望人們抓住機會。故選A。 20. A. memories　 B. parents　　 C. souls　　　 D. fu

34、ture 【解析】選C。memory 記憶; parent 父母; soul 靈魂; future將來。俗話說: 贈人玫瑰, 手留余香。善意的行為不僅傳播善良和美好, 也給自己帶來快樂, 讓心靈得到洗禮和升華。故選C。 ***短文改錯。 This is my fifth day at the summer camp. Life isn't exact what I expected. We have to get up early to make our beds before our teacher Miss Li come to inspect. After breakfast,

35、 we have some of free time. Yesterday morning I went fishing, but the only thing I catch was a tree branch. In the afternoon, there are different activity like horseback riding and hiking. They're fun, so nothing new for me. In the evening, everyone is assigned a different task to get dinner ready.

36、 Yesterday, I was in charge of prepare the hot dogs, but I accidentally dropped it in the fire. The best part of camp is at night, where we sit around a campfire and tell stories. 答案： This is my fifth day at the summer camp. Life isn't what I expected. We have to get up early to make our beds be

37、fore our teacher Miss Li to inspect. After breakfast, we have some free time. Yesterday morning I went fishing, but the only thing I was a tree branch. In the afternoon, there are different like horseback riding and hiking. They're fun, nothing new for me. In the evening, everyone is assigned

38、a different task to get dinner ready. Yesterday, I was in charge of the hot dogs, but I accidentally dropped in the fire. The best part of camp is at night, we sit around a campfire and tell stories. 難項分析： 第一處：exact→exactly　考查副詞。此處修飾謂語動詞應用副詞。 第六處：so→but　考查連詞。前后兩分句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關系，故用but。 第十處：where→when　考查定語從句的引導詞。此處先行詞為at night，關系詞指代先行詞且在從句中作時間狀語，故應用when引導。 *** 8