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1、 十、詞句猜測——句意理解題 (2017·浙江，A) Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camel’s hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin de

2、cided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush. The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬亂的).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing. The cat

3、’s lot was about to improve.That year，one of Benjamin’s cousins，Mr Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版畫) by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and

4、 brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit. In the city，Mr Pennington gave Benjamin ma

5、terials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(風景) painting.William Williams，a well-known painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been

6、 a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文

7、章講述了美國著名藝術(shù)家本杰明·韋斯特是如何開始他的藝術(shù)生涯的。 21.What is the text mainly about? A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia. B.Williams’ influence on Benjamin. C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist. D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意題。文章從本杰明在六歲時自制畫筆作畫寫起，到后來利用專業(yè)工具作畫，再到知名畫家送給本杰

8、明書籍，都是在講述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術(shù)之路的，故選C。 22.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest? A.The cat would be closely watched. B.The cat would get some medical care. C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 答案　D 解析　句意理解題。由前文可知，本杰明在沒有專業(yè)畫筆之前是用貓的毛制作畫筆的。畫

9、線句的字面意思是“貓的命運將會得到改善”。由該段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送給了他專業(yè)的顏料和畫筆。由此可推知D項與畫線句的意思相符。 23.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent? A.He took him to see painting exhibitions. B.He provided him with painting materials. C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia. D.He taught him how to make engraving

10、s. 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.”，接著下一段又談到“...Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”，由此可知，潘寧頓送給本杰明繪畫材料來幫助他發(fā)展藝術(shù)才能，故選B項。 24.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to . A.master the use of paints B.appreciate landscape

11、 paintings C.get to know other painters D.make up his mind to be a painter 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。由文章最后兩句“While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，這兩本書是他通往古典繪畫的入門教程，也幫

12、助他下定決心成為一名畫家，故選D項。 一、題型解讀 記敘文、說明文和議論文中可能會考查句意理解題。要求考生用合適的語句解釋一個具有概括性的句子或格言、諺語。設(shè)問形式常有： (1)The underlined sentence in the first/second/...paragraph means “ ”. (2)Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the first/second/...paragraph? 二、解題技巧——“意義吻合”定句意 　↓ 　↓

13、 例如：【真題感悟】中第22題： 第一步：速讀文章，找出文章中與畫線句子相關(guān)的句子 (1)Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬亂的). (2)When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. 第二步：對比信息句、畫線句和選項，確定答案 畫線句上一段講到為了制作畫筆本杰明剪貓的毛使貓“破相”，接下來講到堂兄給他送來了顏料和畫筆使貓的命運得到改善，隱含著“本杰明將得到真正的畫筆”。由此可推知D項與畫線句的意思相符。 A What do you d

14、o if you don’t get into your first choice of university？That’s the dilemma(困境) that faces thousands of British students every year. Many candidates turn to Clearing，the service that helps find university places for students at the last moment.If they don’t have the marks to get into their first cho

15、ice of institution，Clearing tells them about places available at other universities，though they might have to read another subject. But this year has seen a record number of people applying to university.This，combined with the weak economy，an uncertain job market and budget cuts at universities，mea

16、ns that there’s been even more of a scramble for places than usual.Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate university place. The British University Admissions Service，UCAS，says up to a quarter of this year’s university applicants—almost 190,000 people—still don’t

17、 have a place on a degree course.That’s a rise of over 46,000 students from last year. Faced with these figures，some British students might be thinking of an interesting alternative：studying abroad.The University of Nottingham，for example，is offering places at its campuses in Ningbo，near Shanghai，a

18、nd Kuala Lumpur，Malaysia.Students here can gain University of Nottingham degrees in business，accounting，engineering and English.Similarly，the University of Bolton says it has “unlimited” places at its campus in the United Arab Emirates. Given the problems getting into university，the UK’s Higher Edu

19、cation Minister，David Willetts，encourages students who haven’t made the grade to consider alternatives to university，such as apprenticeships and studying at home. “There are a range of options available，” he says.“People are able to reapply.They should think how they can spend their year adding tha

20、t bit to their CV，which would help their application—getting practical work experience or extra skills—anything that strengthens their chances next year.” But some experts say that rising university costs，poor long-term job prospects，and a drop in graduate recruitment mean it’s the worst time to be

21、 a university student in the UK. 1.When the author says “there’s been even more of a scramble for places”(Para.3)，he means . A.more people have applied to university B.there is more competition between the candidates C.there are more services that help find university places D.more plac

22、es are available 答案　B 解析　句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate university place.”可知，每個名額都有6個學生申請，可見競爭非常激烈，故選B。 2.According to UCAS，there are about university applicants this year. A.190,000 B.46,000 C.236,000 D.760,000 答案　D 解析

23、　數(shù)字計算題。由第四段中的“UCAS，says up to a quarter of this year’s university applicants—almost 190,000 people—still don’t have a place on a degree course.”可知，190 000人是今年大學申請者的四分之一，因此今年大學申請者的數(shù)量是190 000×4＝760 000人，故選D。 3.David Willetts encourages students faced with the lack of places on a degree course

24、 . A.to consider apprenticeships and studying at home B.to study at campus outside the UK C.to ask Clearing for help D.not to go to university in the UK 答案　A 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“David Willetts，encourages students who haven’t made the grade to consider alternatives to university，such as apprenti

25、ceships and studying at home”可知，David Willetts鼓勵分數(shù)不夠上大學的學生考慮其他選擇，例如去做學徒或是在家學習，故選A。 4.Which of the following is NOT the reason that may make this year the worst time to enter university? A.It costs more to study at university. B.Long-term job prospects are worse. C.Universities offer places in ot

26、her countries. D.There are fewer chances to do graduate study. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“rising university costs，poor long-term job prospects，and a drop in graduate recruitment mean it’s the worst time to be a university student in the UK.”可知，A、B、D三項都是造成這一年學生們最難進入大學的原因。由第五段可知C項是解決這一問題的方法而非原因。故選C。 5

27、.According to the passage，what can students do if they don’t get into their first choice of university? A.They can go to work in Clearing. B.They can get practical work experience or skills and reapply next year. C.They can spend the year writing a better CV. D.They do graduate study at home. 答

28、案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“People are able to reapply...which would help their application—getting practical work experience or extra skills”可知，未能如愿申請入學的學生應(yīng)盡可能利用這一年做一些能幫助他們申請的事情，即取得實際的工作經(jīng)驗或技能，明年再重新申請，故選B。 B The public has voted the X-ray machine as the best invention.Out of nearly 50,000 votes cast，one

29、 in five people named it for having made the greatest impact on the past，present and future. Ten of the most significant objects in science，engineering，technology and medicine were selected for the vote.Information on all the items is found at the Science Museum in London. The first three position

30、s were filled by medical inventions or discoveries，the X-ray machine being followed by the discoveries of penicillin and the DNA double helix(螺旋) structure. X-rays provided the first possibility of looking inside someone’s body without cutting them open—a massive medical advance. The particular X-

31、ray machine in question—the Reynolds machine in the Museum’s Making the Modern World Gallery—was a “do-it-yourself” experiment by a father and his son who were so inspired by news of the discovery of the X-ray that they set about building the equipment in their own home. Museum curator(館長) Katie Ma

32、ggs said.“It’s very inspirational to young scientists to learn that an invention now declared the most important in world history could be pioneered by enthusiastic amateur inventors.” Professor Andy Adam，president of the Royal College of Radiologists，was delighted to learn of the result. He said

33、that the X-ray machine had revolutionized medical practice and that the technology had now advanced so much that we are reaching the era of the “transparent patient”. Culture Secretary Ben Bradshaw said，“Any competition that pits the Apollo 10 spacecraft against Stephenson’s Rocket，and the DNA doub

34、le helix against the Model T Ford，is bound to provide many talking points.” “The public’s choice of the X-ray machine as the winner is a proof to our greedy curiosity to find out how things work.” The poll(投票) was conducted as part of the Science Museum’s events to mark its centenary(百年慶典).The 10

35、objects form a special Centenary Journey trail through the museum galleries. 6.Which of the following are the top three among inventions or discoveries? A.X-ray machine，Apollo 10 capsule and steam engine. B.X-ray machine，DNA double helix structure and penicillin. C.Stephenson’s Rocket，penicillin

36、 and the Model T Ford. D.Stephenson’s Rocket，Apollo 10 capsule and V2 Rocket Engine. 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“The first three positions were filled by medical inventions or discoveries，the X-ray machine being followed by the discoveries of penicillin and the DNA double helix(螺旋) structure.”可知B項正確。 7.

37、Which of the following is TRUE about the X-ray machine in the Gallery? A.It was made by the Reynolds Machine Company. B.It was a product directed by great scientists. C.It was built by a father and his son in their own home. D.It was small in size and advanced in technology. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。由第五段

38、內(nèi)容可知，一對父子在自己的家里造出了X光機，故選C。 8.From the underlined part in Para.8，we know Professor Andy Adam means . A.the X-ray machine has greatly improved medical practice B.the patients are all transparent in the eyes of doctors C.with the help of the X-ray machine，everything is transparent D.ther

39、e is no need to cut someone’s body open during operations now 答案　A 解析　句意理解題。由第八段內(nèi)容可知，由于X射線可以透視人體，因此人類已經(jīng)進入了“透明病人”時代，即病人身體哪兒有病，都能用X光機看到，這是醫(yī)療史上的巨大進步，故選A。 9.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A.Top Ten Inventions of This Century B.The Most Important Discoveries C.What Mak

40、es Patients Transparent D.X-ray Machine—Top Scientific Invention 答案　D 解析　標題歸納題。根據(jù)本文中心句第一句以及全文內(nèi)容可知，該篇文章主要講述了X光機被人們選為最好的發(fā)明，因此D項作為文章標題最合適，故選D。 10.This passage is most probably taken from . A.a science fiction B.a school textbook C.a news journal D.a medicine magazine 答案　C 解析　文章出處題。從

41、內(nèi)容來看，本文是在報道一件事，因此它屬于新聞性質(zhì)的文章，故選C。 題型組合練(十三) Ⅰ.單項填空 1.To our great surprise，the little girl from the countryside because of her excellent English and quick wit after several rounds of competition. A.stood out B.picked out C.turned out D.came out 答案　A 解析　句意為：讓我們吃驚的是，這個來自鄉(xiāng)下的小女孩憑借出色的英

42、語和敏捷的反應(yīng)，在幾輪比賽后便脫穎而出。stand out突出；pick out挑出；turn out結(jié)果是；come out出現(xiàn)，出版，結(jié)果是。故選A。 2.There is growing concern among the parents using computers to write articles has a bad effect on children’s handwriting. A.what B.that C.why D.when 答案　B 解析　句意為：家長們越來越擔心，用電腦寫文章會對孩子的書寫產(chǎn)生不良影響?？崭窈蟮木渥觾?nèi)容是對前面名

43、詞concern的具體說明，且句意完整不缺成分，應(yīng)用that引導同位語從句。故選B。 3.We have seen many wonderful strategies for the peace-loving people， China is bringing in solving the complicated problems. A.who B.where C.which D.when 答案　C 解析　句意為：我們已經(jīng)看到中國正在為愛好和平的人民帶來許多解決復雜問題的良策。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞strategies，關(guān)系詞在從句中

44、作賓語，應(yīng)用which，故選C。 4.Having wrestled with his for a whole night，the young man decided to go to the police station to confess his crime. A.conscience B.request C.privilege D.appetite 答案　A 解析　句意為：經(jīng)過一整夜的良心掙扎，這個年輕人決定去公安局坦白自己的罪行。conscience道德心，良心；request請求，需要；privilege特權(quán)，優(yōu)待；appetite食欲，嗜好。故

45、選A。 5.The economy of the country began to years after the big earthquake broke out. A.recycle B.recover C.count D.combine 答案　B 解析　句意為：在那場大地震爆發(fā)后的幾年里，這個國家的經(jīng)濟開始復蘇。recycle重復利用，循環(huán)；recover恢復，復原；count計數(shù)，有價值；combine聯(lián)合，結(jié)合。這里的recover是熟詞新義，表示“從不愉快的事情中復原或恢復常態(tài)”的意思。故選B。 6.On Teachers’ Day，we al

46、l went to school to see our teachers. A.especially B.specially C.particularly D.attentively 答案　B 解析　句意為：教師節(jié)那天，我們專程到學校去看望老師。specially特別地，專門地，強調(diào)為了某一目的，符合題意。 7.The news that some provinces are going to cancel their independent colleges in 2018 ，so situation will change. A.h

47、ave been confirmed B.is confirming C.has been confirmed D.is being confirmed 答案　C 解析　句意為：部分省份打算在2018年取消三本院校的消息已經(jīng)得到證實，因此情況要有變化。由句意可知confirm的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響；又因news與confirm之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故選C。 8.The Chinese government has been pushing various effective reforms all its citiz

48、ens. A.in charge of B.for the purpose of C.in honor of D.for the benefit of 答案　D 解析　句意為：為了所有公民的利益，中國政府一直在推行各種有效的改革。in charge of掌管，負責；for the purpose of為了……(目的)；in honor of為了紀念……；for the benefit of為了……的利益。故選D。 9.—How did you get the information，Helen? — ，but I’m not sure whether it i

49、s true or not. A.Don’t put on the dog B.A little bird told me C.Let the cat out of the bag D.I’m all ears 答案　B 解析　句意為：——你是怎么得到信息的，海倫？——聽別人說的，但我不能確定這是真的還是假的。Don’t put on the dog不要擺架子；A little bird told me聽別人說的；Let the cat out of the bag泄露秘密；I’m all ears洗耳恭聽。故選B。 10.Some subjects，such as math，p

50、hysics and English，are for the senior high school students in China but some of them are unwilling to learn English. A.comparable B.compulsory C.considerable D.complex 答案　B 解析　句意為：一些學科，如數(shù)學、物理和英語，是中國高中生的必修課，但有些學生不愿意學英語。comparable可比較的，比得上的；compulsory義務(wù)的，必修的，被強制的；considerable相當大的，重要的，值

51、得考慮的；complex復雜的。故選B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2018·河東區(qū)一模) He was 11 years old and went fishing every chance he got from the dock at his family’s cabin on an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lake. On the day before the bass season opened，he and his father were fishing early in the evening， 11 sunfis

52、h and perch with worms.Then he tied on a small lure and practiced casting.The lure 12 the water and caused colored ripples (漣漪，細浪) in the sunset，then 13 ripples as the moon rose over the lake. When his fishing rod doubled over，he knew something 14 was on the other end.His father watched

53、 with 15 as the boy skillfully worked the fish alongside the dock. Finally，he carefully lifted the 16 fish from the water.It was the largest one he had ever seen，but it was a bass. The boy and his father looked at the handsome fish，gills(鰓) playing back and forth in the 17 .The father l

54、it a match and looked at the watch.It was 10 p.m.—two hours 18 the season opened.He looked at the fish，then at the boy. “You’ll have to 19 ，son，” he said. “Dad！” cried the boy. “There will be other fish，” said his father. “Not as big as this one，” cried the boy. He looked around the lake

55、.No other fishermen or boats were anywhere around in the moonlight.He looked again at his father.Even though no one had seen them， 20 could anyone ever know what time he caught the fish，the boy could 21 by the clarity of his father’s voice that the decision was not negotiable(可協(xié)商的).He slowly

56、pulled the 22 out of the lip of the huge fish and 23 it into the black water. The creature swished its powerful body and disappeared.The boy 24 that he would never again see such a great fish. That was 34 years ago.Today，the boy is a successful architect in New York City.And he was rig

57、ht.He has never again caught such a magnificent fish 25 the one that was set free by him that night long ago.But he does see that same fish 26 —every time he 27 against a question of ethics. For，as his father taught him，ethics are simple 28 of right and wrong. 29 is only the prac

58、tice of ethics that is difficult.Do we do right when no one is looking? We would 30 we were taught to put the fish back when we were young. 11.A.catching B.drawing C.trapping D.expecting 答案　A 解析　根據(jù)語境可知父子兩人到湖中的目的是“捕太陽魚和鱸魚”。catch捕足，捕獲，符合文意。 12.A.met B.struck C.knocked D.attacked 答案　

59、B 解析　根據(jù)下文“caused colored ripples(漣漪，細浪) in the sunset”可知，魚餌落入水中時激起漣漪。meet遇見；strike打擊；knock敲；attack吸引。 13.A.golden B.silver C.black D.blue 答案　B 解析　根據(jù)常識及“then ripples as the moon rose over the lake”可知，在月光下漣漪是銀色的。 14.A.light B.slim C.small D.huge 答案　D 解析　根據(jù)“When his fishing rod

60、 doubled over，he knew something was on the other end.”可知當魚竿向下彎的時候，他知道線的另一端一定釣到了一條大魚。 15.A.decision B.instruction C.admiration D.celebration 答案　C 解析　decision決定；instruction指令；admiration羨慕，欽佩；celebration慶祝。根據(jù)語境可知男孩釣魚技巧純熟(skillfully)，且釣到了大魚，故此處應(yīng)指父親賞識地(with admiration)看著兒子。 16.A.lively

61、 B.living C.exhausted D.dead 答案　C 解析　lively和living不用來修飾fish，而由下文作者將魚放生可知，魚沒有死，故選C。exhausted疲憊的，耗盡的。 17.A.moonlight B.sun C.wind D.lake 答案　A 解析　根據(jù)上文“as the moon rose over the lake”及下文“in the moonlight”可知，此處指是在月光下，鱸魚看起來非常漂亮。 18.A.when B.since C.after D.before 答案　D 解析　根據(jù)下文“The cre

62、ature swished its powerful body and disappeared.”可知鱸魚被放回湖中，說明離開漁時間還有兩個小時。 19.A.pull it up B.speed it up C.put it back D.bring it back 答案　C 解析　pull...up拉起；speed...up加速；put...back放回；bring...back帶回。根據(jù)下文可知此處父親說“你得把它放回去，孩子”。 20.A.not B.nor C.and D.or 答案　B 解析　根據(jù)上文“No other fishermen or boat

63、s were anywhere”可知，此處指沒有人看到他們，更無從得知他們何時釣到了魚。 21.A.receive B.believe C.organize D.tell 答案　D 解析　根據(jù)“the boy could by the clarity of his father’s voice that the decision was not negotiable(可協(xié)商的)”可知，男孩還是能從父親堅定的聲音中分辨這個決定是不可更改的。tell分辨，辨別，常與can，could，be able to連用。 22.A.worm B.hook C.boa

64、t D.match 答案　B 解析　根據(jù)“He slowly pulled the out of the lip of the huge fish.”可知他慢慢地將魚鉤從大鱸魚的唇上取下。 23.A.lowered B.lifted C.watched D.changed 答案　A 解析　根據(jù)空后的“it into the black water”可知此處指他將魚放回水中。lower降低，把……放低；lift舉起；watch看，觀察；change改變。 24.A.expected B.admitted C.complained D.susp

65、ected 答案　C 解析　expect期望；admit承認；complain抱怨；suspect懷疑。根據(jù)語境可知此處指小男孩抱怨道再也見不到這么大的鱸魚了。 25.A.that B.when C.as D.because 答案　C 解析　根據(jù)上文的such可知此處應(yīng)該使用as，意為“像……一樣”；such...that如此……以至于。 26.A.once again B.again and again C.all the time D.in the end 答案　B 解析　once again再一次；again and again一次又一次；all th

66、e time一直；in the end最后。根據(jù)“But he does see that same fish every time”可知但每次他面臨道德難題而舉棋不定的時候，他的眼前一次又一次地浮現(xiàn)出那條魚。 27.A.comes up B.catches up C.makes up D.rings up 答案　A 解析　come up(against)面對；catch up追趕；make up編造；ring up撥打電話。句意參見上題解析。 28.A.information B.advice C.matters D.messages 答案　C 解析　根據(jù)空處所在句意“因為，正如父親所教他的那樣，道德是簡單的對和錯的問題?！笨芍xC。 29.A.It B.He C.The right D.The wrong 答案　A 解析　根據(jù)上文和“ is only the practice of ethics that is difficult.”可知，“把道德付諸行動才是真正困難的事”，此句為強調(diào)句“It is.