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Unit 5 The Power of Nature Section IV Grammar
學習目標：總結不定式的用法。
學習重點：熟記各種用法，并能正確完成練習題。
學習難點：不定式的完成式及被動式。
學習過程 生命課堂—互動探究
語法知識—預習探究
【觀察】
不定式 （原形動詞前加to, 構成動詞不定式。不定式不做謂語，屬于非謂語動詞）
不定式的時態(tài)，語態(tài)
時 態(tài)
構 成
一 般 式
to do
完 成 式
to have done
進 行 式
to be
2、doing
一般式：不定式所表示的動作和謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生或存在。但多數(shù)情況下是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發(fā)生。
They often watch us play football. (同時)
She hopes to go there again. (之后發(fā)生)
完成式：不定式所表示的動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示動作或狀態(tài)之前。
I’m glad to have seen your mother yesterday.
The novel is believed to have been translated into Chine
3、se.
注：用在intended, expected, meant, hoped，promised, wanted, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等后，表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，期待或計劃等，也用來表示先于謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。
He wanted to have met (=had wanted to meet) you at the airport, but he didn’t get there in time. 他原想去機場接你，但他沒及時趕到那兒。（沒接成）
We planned to ha
4、ve done (had planned to do) good deeds for the poor people last month.
我們原計劃上個月為貧困的人們做些好事。（沒做成）。
進行式：當謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時，不定式動詞所表示動作正在進行時，用進行時。 They seemed to be talking about you.
He pretended to be sleeping.
注：不定式的進行式可表示將來。
He is believed to be coming
不定式的進行式還可表示逐漸地變化
T
5、he weather seems to be improving
不定式的被動語態(tài)
被 動 語 態(tài)
構 成
一 般 式
to be done
完 成 式
to have been done
▲在下列情況下要用被動語態(tài)
（1） 當句子的主語是這個不定式所表示動作的承受者。
She is glad to be taken to the Great Wall.
(2) 當不定式所修飾的名詞是此不定式的邏輯賓語且句中又沒有它的邏輯主語時。
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
(3)
6、 當句子的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語時，且不定式本身又帶有一個賓語時，
She is too nervous to be told such a bad news.
I’m glad to be given a gold ring.
(4) 當句子的主語和表語指同一人或物，不定式修飾這個表語名詞，且與這個名詞有動賓關系時。
He is a man to be trusted
(5) 不定式做定語，且與所修飾的名詞有動賓關系時。
The plan to be made is a five-year plan.
▲ 不定式的主動語態(tài)表示被動含義。
（1） 當不定式與最近的名詞（代
7、詞）有動賓關系，且與句中另一個名詞（代詞）有主謂關系。
He has nothing to eat
I’ll give you a book to read
（2） 當不定式在“主+表（形容詞）”結構中做狀語，且句中主語是這個不定式的邏輯賓語時。
The text is easy to recite.
(3) 當不定式修飾there be /here be 引導的句子中的主語時。
There are two tractors to repair.
Here is a baby to take care of.
注：在there be 結構中，當說話
8、人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時，不定式用主動形式；如果說話人強調(diào)的是事情本身必須被完成，則用被動形式。
There is a lot of work to do. ( Someone has to do the work)
There is a lot of work to be done. ( The work has to be done)
(4) to let, to blame 則只用主動語態(tài)。
The house is to let
I’m to blame
【活用】Who is ______(blame) for the brok
9、en computer?
補充練習：單句語法填空
1．The heavy snow made ________ difficult for them to drive on.
2．He is proud ________ his mother. All ________ all, he thinks highly of her.
3．I had difficulty ________ (handle) the problem.
4．He is out ________ breath while climbing the stairs.
5．I was too weak ____
10、____(support) myself.
6．I don't know how to adapt ________ the new environment.
7．__________ spite of the heavy rain, he went to school as usual.
8．Don't make fun ________ her. ________ other words, you should respect her.
9．This film is well worth ________ (see)．
10．Tom, as well as his parents
11、, ________(go) camping next Sunday.
11．The cinema is ________ (access) to the disabled.
12．It is ________ (hand) to live near the working place.
13．My grandfather had trouble ________ (hear)．
14．If it is ________ (convenience) to you, I will call on you tomorrow.
15．She asked for her parents' _
12、_______(approve) before applying for the job.
16．He often gives ________ (assist) to the people in need.
17．At the ________ (graduate) ceremony, he delivered a speech.
18．The pleasant climate is ________ (comfort) to live.
19．Her ________ (suggest) are practical.
20．I want to express my sincere ________ (congratulate) on your success.
Unit 5 The Power of Nature
Section IV Grammar
【活用】1. living in such a competitive world; Knowing that you have your own ideas
2. Not having received the admission notice; Having been discouraged so many times
【高考鏈接】1-4 BCAC
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河北省石家莊市高中英語 Unit 1 Living Well Section IV Grammar導學案（無答案）新人教版選修8
