2020版高考英語大一輪復習 課時達標40 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors（含解析）新人教版選修8

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1、課時達標(四十) Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors 建議時間/100分鐘 閱讀提速練 閱讀理解 A 課標話題 人與社會·文學與藝術 體裁 說明文 詞　　數(shù) 262 難度 StrengthsFinder 2.0 by Tom Rath Do you have the opportunity to do what you do best every day？Chances are, you don't. All too often, our natural talents go untapped(未開發(fā)的). We devote

2、more time to fixing our shortcomings than to developing our strengths. To help people reveal their talents, Gallup introduced the first version of its online assessment, StrengthsFinder, in the 2001 management book, which has led to a global conversation and helped millions to discover their top fi

3、ve talents. In its latest national bestseller, StrengthsFinder 2.0, Gallup releases the new and improved version of its popular assessment. Loaded with hundreds of strategies for applying your strengths, this new book will change the way you look at yourself and the world around you forever. Avail

4、able in StrengthsFinder 2.0： *A new and upgraded edition of the StrengthsFinder assessment *A personal strengths discovery and action－planning guide for applying your strengths in the next week, month and year *50 ideas for action (10 strategies for building on each of your top five talents) Abo

5、ut StrengthsFinder In 1998，the father of Strengths－Based Psychology, Donald O．Clifton, along with Tom Rath and a team of scientists at Gallup, created the online StrengthsFinder assessment. In 2001, they published the first edition of StrengthsFinder with the bestseller Now, Discover Your Strengths

6、. In 2004, the assessment's name was formally changed to “Clifton StrengthsFinder” in honour of its chief designer. In 2007, Rath and scientists of Gallup released a new edition of the assessment programme and website, called “StrengthsFinder 2.0”. Rooted in more than 40 years of research, this ass

7、essment has helped millions discover and develop their natural talents. 語篇導讀　本文簡要介紹了《蓋洛普優(yōu)勢識別器2.0》一書的相關內(nèi)容。 1．According to the passage, we don't do what we do best because we usually ________. A．don't know what we are good at B．focus on overcoming our weaknesses C．concentrate on developing new sk

8、ills D．lack confidence in our potential talents 解析　B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，我們之所以沒有在做自己最擅長的事，是因為我們將更多的時間花費在克服自己的缺點上，故選B項。 2．Why was the assessment's name changed in 2004? A．To make it sound better. B．To make it easy to remember. C．To show respect for its chief designer. D．To attract more potential

9、 customers. 解析　C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)About StrengthsFinder部分的第一段最后一句可知，2004年這一評估系統(tǒng)更名是為了向其主要設計者致敬，故選C項。 3．What's the aim of StrengthsFinder? A．To help us realise our dreams. B．To help us discover our interests. C．To help us conquer our weaknesses. D．To help us develop our natural talents. 解析　D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二

10、段可知，這一評估系統(tǒng)幫助人們挖掘自己的潛力；本文最后一句也提到了discover and develop their natural talents，故選D項。 B 課標話題 人與自我·個人生活 體裁 記敘文 詞　　數(shù) 293 難度 It's absolutely crazy to think that the same 1968 Ford Mustang GT driven in the movie Bullitt by Steve McQueen, would end up in the hands of a modest New Jersey housewife

11、. But that's exactly what happened. After Bullitt wrapped, the hero car was sold to a studio manager in Los Angeles, who kept it briefly before selling it, coincidentally, to a police detective. The officer shipped the car to New York and kept it for about three and a half years before placing a fo

12、r－sale ad in the back of Road&Track magazine in 1974. His $6,000 asking price was somewhat steep, but Robert Kiernan, a New Jersey insurance manager and Mustang fan, went out to look at it. He bought it for his wife to use as a daily driver. The Kiernans had kept the car secret mainly to protect t

13、hemselves from rumormongers(散布謠言者). But that didn't stop Steve McQueen from finding it in 1977. Kiernan's son said, “Dad had owned the car for three years at that point. And he got a phone call from McQueen asking about the car, how it was, and if Dad had changed anything on it. And McQueen said, ‘I

14、 would really like to buy it if there's not too much involved with it. I'll replace it with a similar car so long as it's not a crazy amount of money.’ But Dad declined.” McQueen didn't receive an answer. “I think a week later, a letter to my dad arrived from McQueen. And it said, basically, ‘I'd l

15、ove to talk to you again about purchasing my car back.’ And Dad never reached out. And that was the end of that.” This was a wise decision. The car is now valued at $3 million to $5 million. 語篇導讀　本文講述了美國影星Steve McQueen在電影《Bullitt》中駕駛過的一輛1968款福特Mustang CT汽車一步步成為一名家庭主婦的座駕的過程。 4．Which of the followi

16、ng is crazy according to the author? A．The role that Mustang played in Bullitt. B．The history that Mustang covered. C．The fact that a housewife owned Mustang. D．The process that many fans bought Mustang. 解析　C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，這款汽車最終落入一位家庭主婦的手中，作者認為這絕對很瘋狂，故選C項。 5．Who might be the owner of the F

17、ord Mustang GT in 1972? A．A studio manager.　 B．A police detective. C．An insurance manager.　 D．A New Jersey driver. 解析　B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知，這輛汽車被賣給一位警探大約3年半后，于1974年被出售。由此可知，1972年，車主是那位警探，故選B項。 6．What is Steve McQueen concerned about most according to Paragraph 3? A．The secret of the car.　 B．The

18、changes of the car. C．The price of the car.　 D．The history of the car. 解析　C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中McQueen所說的話可知，McQueen想購回這輛車時最關注的是車價，故選C項。 7．What is the end of the car? A．McQueen bought it. B．Kiernan refused the offer. C．It was put in a for－sale ad. D．It was sold at a price. 解析　B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的And Dad

19、 never reached out. And that was the end of that可知，Kiernan拒絕了McQueen的購車請求，故選B項。 C 課標話題 人與社會·科學研究 體裁 說明文 詞　　數(shù) 318 難度 The arm bones of women who lived 7,000 years ago show a surprising level of strength—even higher than today's professional women athletes. That's according to a first－ever

20、 study comparing prehistoric(史前的) bones to those of living people. The finding suggests a revision of history—the everyday lives of prehistoric women were filled with hard labor, rather than just sitting at home doing lighter tasks while the men struggled and fought for life. “Before the study, the

21、re are no clear records describing how our ancient ancestors lived. It can be easy to forget that bone is a living tissue, one that responds to the difficulties we put our bodies through，” said lead author Alison Macintosh. “Physical force and muscle activity both put pressure on the bone. The bone

22、reacts by changing in shape, thickness and other aspects over time.” Previous studies only compared female bones to contemporary male bones, the researchers said—and that's a problem, because the response of male bones to stress and change is much bigger than that of women. For instance, as humans

23、moved from a hunter－gatherer lifestyle constantly on the move to a more settled agrarian(農(nóng)耕的) one, changes can be observed in the structure of the shinbone(脛骨)—and these changes were much more evident in men. However, a comparison of the bones of prehistoric women to the bones of living female athl

24、etes can help us work out a more accurate picture of what those prehistoric women were doing. “By analyzing the bones of living people and comparing them to the ancient bones, we can start to explain the kinds of labor our ancestors were reforming，” Macintosh said. What they found was that women's l

25、eg strength hasn't changed a great deal, but their arms used to be very powerful. Prehistoric women, the researchers found, had arm strength 11～16 percent stronger than that of modern women rowers(槳手), and 30 percent stronger than that of non－athlete women. 語篇導讀　本文介紹了研究者通過對比史前時期和當今女性的骨頭得出的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。 8．W

26、hat does the study tell about prehistoric women? A．They were stronger than men. B．They had lighter bones than men. C．They did tough tasks as the men did. D．They spent most time staying at home. 解析　C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，史前女性的日常生活充滿了繁重的勞動，即她們和男性一樣干重活，故選C項。 9．What problem did previous studies on

27、prehistoric bones have? A．They lacked enough comparison. B．They only studied men's bones. C．They focused little on bones. D．They ignored the lifestyles. 解析　A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，以前的研究只把史前女性的骨頭與現(xiàn)代男性的相比較，而沒有與現(xiàn)代女性的骨頭相比較，即缺少足夠的比較，故選A項。 10．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

28、 A．Bones' structure. B．Bones' thickness. C．Bones' response to stress and change. D．Bones' stress from hard labor. 解析　C　代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的句意和句子結(jié)構可知，that指代的是前面提及的骨頭對壓力和變化的反應，故選C項。 11．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．It's still hard to explain our ancestors' lifestyle. B．Prehistoric

29、women went through much suffering. C．Women's arms have become much stronger over time. D．Prehistoric women are stronger than contemporary females. 解析　D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段尤其是該段最后兩句可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，史前女性手臂的力量比現(xiàn)代女性強，即史前女性更強壯，故選D項。 D 課標話題 人與社會·科技發(fā)展與信息技術創(chuàng)新 體裁 說明文 詞　　數(shù) 332 難度 The right paint can add app

30、eal to your walls—and now it can also make them smarter. Researchers recently transformed a wall into an outsize trackpad and motion sensor by using low－cost conductive paint to create a large grid of electrodes(電極)． Such a smart wall can sense human touch and track gestures from a short distance.

31、It can also detect where electrical equipment is and whether it is switched on. The technology could someday turn on lights when a person enters a room, track a player's motion in an interactive video game or monitor a child's television use. “Walls are everywhere, so why not turn them into sensors

32、for smart homes？” says Yang Zhang, a computer science doctoral student at Carnegie Mellon University, who helped to develop the concept. To create the high－tech surface, Zhang and his colleagues applied painter's tape in a lattice(格子結(jié)構) pattern to a twelve－by－eight－foot wall, and then coated it wit

33、h commercially available conductive paint. Removing the tape left a pattern of diamond－shaped electrodes, which the researchers connected using thin copper tape strips. Finally, they wired the strips to a custom－built circuit board and covered the wall with standard latex(膠乳) paint. The entire proje

34、ct took four hours and cost less than $200. In theory, Zhang says, “Anyone can use the technique to make a wall smart.” In the wall's appliance－detection mode, the power is turned off. The researchers detected iPads up to 6.5 feet away from the wall; fans and floor lamps could be sensed from about

35、10 feet. Zhang and his colleagues presented the wall in April at the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. “Engineers have long dreamed of technologies that blend into our surroundings，” says Christian Holz, a research scientist at Microsoft Research in Redmond, who did not particip

36、ate in the work. “It nicely questions our understanding of what a device might be and demonstrates how rich sensing technology can combine with everyday objects.” 語篇導讀　本文介紹了智能墻壁的發(fā)明、安裝、用途等。 12．What can a smart wall do now according to the passage? A．Detect people's locations. B．Turn on lights aut

37、omatically. C．Monitor a person's television use. D．Track humans' movements at close range. 解析　D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，智能墻壁可以近距離感應人們的活動，故選D項。 13．What can we learn about the smart wall? A．It is easy to build. B．It is cheap but time－consuming. C．It benefits people in many ways. D．It adds appeal to t

38、he buildings. 解析　C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句可推知，該發(fā)明給人們的生活帶來了許多好處，故選C項。 14．What materials are required to create the high－tech surface? A．A lattice pattern and conductive paint. B．Painter's tape and standard latex paint. C．A custom－built circuit board and iPads. D．Diamond－shaped electrodes and copper ta

39、pe strips. 解析　B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的描述可知，painter's tape和standard latex paint是在制作過程中使用的部分材料，故選B項。 15．What is Christian Holz's attitude towards this new invention? A．Positive.　 B．Negative. C．Neutral.　 D．Unknown. 解析　A　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，Christian Holz認為智能墻壁的發(fā)明讓我們對裝置的概念有了不一樣的理解，還說明了感應技術可以多方面地運用到日常事物中。由此可推知，他對該

40、發(fā)明持積極的態(tài)度，故選A項。 七選五 課標話題 人與社會·歷史與文化 體裁 說明文 詞　　數(shù) 237 難度 Children's Games in Ancient China Unlike the children nowadays, the children during ancient times didn't have smart phones, iPads or computers to entertain themselves. __1__. Let's take a look. Kicking stone balls During the Qing

41、 Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China, and it was often played in the winter to keep warm. Stones were carved into small balls and kicked along with feet. Flying kites Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead o

42、f paper. Nowadays, the three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. __2__. For example, the swallow－shaped kite is a well－known Beijing style. Playing hide－and－seek Hide－and－seek is a traditional game for children, popular around the nation. Even nowadays, many chil

43、dren like playing it. There are two ways to play. One way is covering a child's eyes while other kids run around to tease him. __3__. __4__ The closest thing to watching a film or television for entertainment during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. Folk artists manipulate puppets behi

44、nd the screen, narrating stories and accompanied by music. Setting off firecrackers Firecrackers have a history of more than 2,000 years. It is said that there was a beast named Nian in ancient China. __5__. After gunpowder was invented, it gradually replaced the bamboo joint cracker. Crackers are

45、 still set off during Spring Festival to symbolize auspiciousness(吉祥)． A．Watching shadow plays B．Making a film C．Each of them has distinctive features D．Different materials are used to make the kite E．And to scare off the beast, people burnt bamboo joints to make them blast F．More commonly, pa

46、rticipants hide and one child must try to find them G．Instead, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood 語篇導讀　本文主要介紹了古代中國孩子們玩的一些游戲。 1．解析　G　轉(zhuǎn)折關系?？涨耙痪渲v古代的孩子們沒有智能手機、平板電腦等，下文講古代孩子們的游戲。G項(但是，他們想出了一些有趣的游戲以供玩耍)承上啟下，故選G項。 2．解析　C　順承關系。空前一句講到現(xiàn)在最有名的三種風箏，空后一句講其中的北京風箏的特色之一，C項(這三種風箏都各具特色)

47、與下一句銜接緊密，故選C項。 3．解析　F　并列關系。根據(jù)空前一句可知，空處應講玩捉迷藏的另一種方式，選項中只有F項符合，故選F項。 4．解析　A　總分關系?？仗幨侵黝}句，根據(jù)下句可知，關鍵信息是shadow plays(皮影戲)，故選A項。 5．解析　E　順承關系。E項中的beast和bamboo joints分別與空處前后句的a beast和bamboo joint cracker對應，符合語境，故選E項。 語言知識運用練與寫作規(guī)范練 完形填空 課標話題 人與自我·家庭生活 體裁 記敘文 詞　　數(shù) 263 難度 (2019·江蘇前黃高中檢測)The my

48、sterious golden box was tied with ribbon and sat upon a shelf in the dinning room.During my childhood, I would often __1__ where it had come from and why it was never __2__. Sometimes, I would climb upon a chair to get a __3__ look, but would never __4__ it for fear I would __5__ something special.M

49、any years passed as the box continued to sit with its __6__ contents, undisturbed. The tragic __7__ of my father happened one spring day.After my father's funeral, my mother carefully __8__ the ribbon and opened the treasured box with __9__ in her eyes and a life－time memory in her heart.On a yello

50、w piece of paper were written these words: “My love, I will go __10__， but I will hold dear my love for you, so I leave you this box filled with kisses.Please wait till I return.” Then my mother told me this story: My parents __11__ in college when their best friends set them up on a blind date.As

51、my parents' friendship __12__, also did their love.They planned to get __13__ after graduation, but my father had to __14__ to war.Before leaving, he prepared that golden box and tied it with the ribbon as a symbol of his everlasting __15__ for my mother.He asked that she should open the box only __

52、16__ she knew he would not be coming home.When my father finally __17__ from the war, they married.__18__, Mom kept that box unopened as a __19__ of their love and devotion during that __20__ time in their lives until the day when Dad passed away. 1．A.suspect　 B．hesitate C．wonder　 D．explain 2．A.t

53、ied　 B．opened C．fixed　 D．wrapped 3．A.new　 B．contented C．quick　 D．close 4．A.respect　 B．a(chǎn)dmire C．touch　 D．decorate 5．A.spoil　 B．discover C．release　 D．expose 6．A.imaginable　 B．a(chǎn)bnormal C．typical　 D．mysterious 7．A.loss　 B．failure C．illness　 D．pressure 8．A.fastened　 B．untied C．observed　 D．to

54、re 9．A.smiles　 B．excitement C．tears　 D．a(chǎn)nger 10．A.far away　 B．a(chǎn)round C．back　 D．out 11．A.met　 B．worked C．served　 D．recognized 12．A.ended　 B．disappeared C．weakened　 D．grew 13．A.connected　 B．married C．prepared　 D．separated 14．A.pay attention　 B．look forward C．go off　 D．settle down 15．A.sym

55、pathy　 B．mercy C．support　 D．love 16．A.before　 B．unless C．because　 D．if 17．A.fled　 B．returned C．recovered　 D．heard 18．A.Otherwise　 B．Therefore C．However　 D．Instead 19．A.reminder　 B．warning C．consequence　 D．notice 20．A.spare　 B．hard C．busy　 D．free 語篇導讀　作者通過家里一個神秘的金色盒子講述了父母之間堅貞的愛情故事。 1．解析　

56、C　根據(jù)下文中的兩個特殊疑問詞where和why，并結(jié)合上文中的The mysterious golden box可推知，作者對這個金色盒子充滿了好奇。wonder想知道，故選C項。 2．解析　B　根據(jù)下文中的undisturbed可推知，金色盒子從來沒有被打開(open)過，因此顯得非常神秘，故選B項。 3．解析　D　根據(jù)語境可知，此處指在好奇心的驅(qū)使下，作者爬上椅子想近(close)距離一探究竟，故選D項。 4．解析　C　結(jié)合語境以及選項可推知，作者當時不敢碰(touch)那個盒子，害怕破壞什么特別的東西，與下文中的undisturbed呼應，故選C項。 5．解析　A　參見上題解析

57、。spoil破壞，符合語境，故選A項。 6．解析　D　根據(jù)continued和undisturbed可知，多年過去了，金色盒子依然神秘(mysterious)，沒有被動過，與上文中的The mysterious golden box呼應，故選D項。 7．解析　A　根據(jù)下文中的After my father's funeral可推知，此處表示父親的去世(loss)，故選A項。 8．解析　B　根據(jù)上文中的The mysterious golden box was tied with ribbon，并結(jié)合opened可推知，此處指母親小心翼翼地解開(untie)金色盒子上的絲帶，故選B項。

58、9．解析　C　根據(jù)常識可知，父親離世，母親當時心情沉痛，眼含淚水(tear)，故選C項。 10．解析　A　根據(jù)下文中的Please wait till I return可推知，父親說自己要遠(far away)行，故選A項。 11．解析　A　根據(jù)下文的a blind date可知，此處表示父母是在大學時朋友為他們安排的初次見面會上認識(meet)的，故選A項。 12．解析　D　根據(jù)下文中的they married可推知，隨著父母的友誼加深(grow)，他們的愛情也愈加深厚，故選D項。 13．解析　B　父母戀愛了，計劃畢業(yè)后就結(jié)婚(marry)，與下文中的they married呼應，故

59、選B項。 14．解析　C　當時父親因為戰(zhàn)爭不得不離開(go off)，與下文中的Before leaving呼應，故選C項。 15．解析　D　根據(jù)上文中的I will hold dear my love for you可推知，此處表示父親對母親永恒的愛(love)，故選D項。 16．解析　D　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示只有母親得知父親不會再回來時，她才能打開盒子。only if只有，符合語境，故選D項。 17．解析　B　根據(jù)they married可推知，父親最終從戰(zhàn)場上返回(return)，故選B項。 18．解析　B　根據(jù)語境可知，父親回來了，因此(Therefore)母親就一直沒打開

60、盒子，故選B項。 19．解析　A　根據(jù)語境可知，母親保留那個金色盒子作為對他們之間愛和忠誠的紀念和提醒(reminder)，故選A項。 20．解析　B　根據(jù)上文父親去參戰(zhàn)可知，那是他們生命中艱難的(hard)時期，故選B項。 語法填空 課標話題 人與社會·非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn) 體裁 說明文 詞　　數(shù) 215 難度 Chinese oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文) over 3,000 years old are now being widely used as emojis by young WeChat users, thanks to a

61、 person who made them 1.____________(close) to people's life than before. “The ancient characters are not as cool and distant 2.____________ they are supposed to be，” said the 3.____________(create) Chen Nan. “In fact, they are cute and humorous, and they could totally serve our needs for online ex

62、pression.” 4.____________ 46－year－old professor of fine art at Tsinghua University has been working to make oracle bone inscriptions into emojis. For example, the character for “zui”， 5.____________ means “drunk” in English, was created 6.____________(look) like a stumbling figure. Chen has also co

63、mbined the ancient Chinese characters with cartoon figures. A cartoon video clip 7.____________(feature) oracle bone inscriptions designed by him was viewed 31 million times and shared 10,000 times. Chen worked on the road of innovation 19 years ago. In 2016, the ancient typeface 8.____________(inc

64、lude) into the font library under his efforts to let the ancient words walk into people's life. Now the library has as many as 3,500 characters, 9.____________ Chen's research on the project still continues, as he plans to extend the library to 7,000 characters. In the future, he will apply the anci

65、ent characters 10.____________ education and development of games and apps. 語篇導讀　甲骨文正在被年輕的微信用戶們作為表情包廣泛使用，這得益于清華大學陳楠教授的努力。 1．closer　解析　考查比較等級。根據(jù)空后的than before可知用比較級；make后用形容詞作賓補，故用closer。 2．a(chǎn)s　解析　考查副詞。as…as…和……一樣……，為固定搭配。 3．creator　解析　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。這里指產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)造者，故用表示人的名詞creator。 4.The　解析　考查冠詞。這里的46－yea

66、r－old professor即上文中的Chen Nan，表示特指，故用定冠詞the。 5．which　解析　考查引導詞?？仗幰龑Х窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，指代先行詞the character for “zui”，且引導詞在從句中作主語，故用which。 6．to look　解析　考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意可知，這里應用不定式短語作目的狀語。 7.featuring　解析　考查非謂語動詞。謂語為was viewed，故空處為非謂語動詞。A cartoon video clip與feature為主謂關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。 8.was included　解析　考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時間狀語in 2016可知，用一般過去時；the ancient typeface與include之間是動賓關系，用被動語態(tài)；主語為the ancient typeface，謂語用單數(shù)。 9．but/yet　解析　考查并列連詞。句意：現(xiàn)在，甲骨文字體庫里已有多達3 500個漢字，然而陳楠的研究仍在繼續(xù)?？仗幧舷挛臑檗D(zhuǎn)折關系，故填but或yet。 10．to　解析　考查介詞。apply…t