2020版高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)21 Unit 1 Great scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5

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1、課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)(二十一) Unit 1 Great scientists (見學(xué)用課時(shí)P49) Ⅰ 閱讀理解 A 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會(huì)·對社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物 體裁 記敘文 詞　　數(shù) 311 難度 (2019·河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)月考)Eight years before his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary(訃告) in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary, for it told Alfred Nobel, the m

2、an who was reading it, that he was dead.The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother, Ludvig, who had recently died. Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary: The merchant of death is dead.Alfred was a very rich and successfu

3、l armaments manufacturer(武器制造商)． This incident got him thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing”？It was this thought that led him to leave his money—a huge amount of it—for the founding of th

4、e famous Nobel prizes.His aim was for his money to be used to support the ongoing quest(追求) for excellence in the sciences and literature, and the ideal of peace.Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the develop

5、ments that may have a huge effect on our lives. However, the prizes are controversial sometimes.There is often protest(抗議) at the award of the Peace Prize when not everyone thinks that the award-winners deserve the award.Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award

6、committee often neglects important writers.The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy. Still, for the most part the awards don't cause many complaints.Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the gre

7、atest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree that most of the prizewinners—among them, Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jr—have made contributions that deserve to be honored and remembered. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　1888年，Alfred Nobel偶然看到了一則“訃告”……他由此開始反思，并設(shè)立了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，以獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)在科學(xué)、文學(xué)以及和平方面作出突出貢獻(xiàn)的人。 1．How did Alfred Nob

8、el feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper? A．Sad and worried. B．Shocked and upset. C．Surprised and confused. D．Amused and puzzled. 解析 B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，看到這則訃告時(shí)，他不僅吃驚，而且很生氣，故選B項(xiàng)。 2．What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary? A．Seek excellence in the sciences. B．Do

9、nate all his money to the charity. C．Stop producing any killing weapons. D．Set up the Nobel prizes with his money. 解析 D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，Alfred Nobel看到這則訃告之后，想了很多，最終決定把遺產(chǎn)中大部分的錢用于設(shè)立諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，故選D項(xiàng)。 3．Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust? A．To show the controversy of some Nobel prizes

10、. B．To give examples of influential Nobel prizewinners. C．To explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes. D．To prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature. 解析 A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句并結(jié)合下文可知，作者提到這兩位作家，是為了說明有時(shí)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)存在爭議，故選A項(xiàng)。 4．What does the author think of the Nobel prizes? A．There sho

11、uld be more female winners. B．There are too many controversial winners. C．They have honored many worthy winners. D．The committee should be more selective. 解析 C　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者認(rèn)為諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)了很多值得贊賞的人，故選C項(xiàng)。 B 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會(huì)·科技發(fā)展 體裁 記敘文 詞　　數(shù) 308 難度 (2019·石家莊重點(diǎn)高中摸底)When Gitanjali Rao shared how

12、she likes “finding solutions to real problems”， it was hard to imagine this dynamic girl could settle a problem that had escaped scientists for years. In just three months, Rao came up with a device that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in ou

13、r fresh water. Inspired by the current litigation(訴訟) in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 until present, Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named “America's top young scientist” for 2017. Rao had been following the water problem for about two years. She

14、 was amazed by the number of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this. Rao spent months trying to convince local high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her experiment. At home, Rao worked on her project in the “science room” she asked h

15、er parents to create for her. Rao has created a device that uses three parts: a cartridge, a Bluetooth reader and an app. To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes(納米管) that react to lead. This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app

16、that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink. Rao appropriately named the device Tethys and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on the market. While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in phys

17、ical and mental development. With Rao believing that “the purpose of science is to make a difference”， her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States. 語篇導(dǎo)讀　一個(gè)女孩發(fā)明了一款可以檢測水中鉛含量的裝置，從而解決了一個(gè)多年來科學(xué)家忽視的問題。 【熟詞生義】lead　常用義：v.引領(lǐng)　生義：n.鉛 put　常用義：v.放，安置　生義：v.表達(dá) rea

18、der　常用義：n.讀者　生義：n.閱讀器 5．What do we know about Rao's device? A．It's cheap and quick. B．It's cheap and inaccurate. C．It's expensive and reliable. D．It's portable and time-consuming. 解析 A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可推知，與以前又貴又費(fèi)時(shí)的設(shè)備相比，Rao所發(fā)明的設(shè)備既便宜又省時(shí)，與第三段最后一句相呼應(yīng)，故選A項(xiàng)。 6．What made Rao have the idea of designing

19、 the device? A．Her parents' suggestions. B．Her desire for winning the award. C．Her interest in settling real problems. D．The water pollution litigation in Flint. 解析 D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，Rao設(shè)計(jì)這種裝置的想法是受一起水污染訴訟的啟發(fā)，故選D項(xiàng)。 7．What do the carbon nanotubes function as? A．Sending immediate signals. B．De

20、tecting the presence of lead. C．Recording the reaction results. D．Showing the water quality results. 解析 B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句可知，這個(gè)碳納米管可以對鉛起反應(yīng)，即可以檢測出水中是否含有鉛，故選B項(xiàng)。 8．What does the author think of Rao's invention? A．It will lead Rao to make a fortune. B．It will help millions of Americans drink safe

21、water. C．It will promote the development of science in America. D．It will soon settle the lead-polluted problem thoroughly. 解析 B　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，Rao的發(fā)明可以影響數(shù)百萬美國人；再根據(jù)上文可知，該發(fā)明可以幫助檢測飲用水的安全性，故選B項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ 完形填空 課標(biāo)話題 人與自我·未來職業(yè)規(guī)劃 體裁 記敘文 詞　　數(shù) 305 難度 (2019·昆明兩區(qū)調(diào)考)You may always hear about people

22、 who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten.I hadn't considered lots of career __1__ when I graduated from high school.Like most students who earned good grades in math and science classes, I found people __2__ me to be an engineer.But all of that

23、 changed when I went to my __3__. I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology __4__.I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of __5__ you see in TV shows, old and strict.What I got was exactly __6__.Dr Espinoza was a caring and __7__ teacher，and two terms of her cl

24、asses made me fall in love with Biology.Her exciting classes made me __8__ that I had other choices besides being a(n)__9__.It meant I was headed for a career in biological research. __10__ Dr Espinoza and many other professors like her, I found that scientists aren't just what you __11__ on the Na

25、tional Geographic Channel.They are real people who answer real questions and __12__ real problems.This led me to seek out __13__ to do real science projects and see if I __14__ it.While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions, how to __15__ experiments and collect data, and how to s

26、hare what I learned with people.As it __16__,_I loved every minute of it. Falling in love with __17__ was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love.Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was __18__,_but helped along by many teachers and professors who __19__ me the

27、way.Now, I try my best to learn new things and __20__ new knowledge. 1．A．development B．difficulty C．choices D．requirements 2．A.appointing B．forcing C．a(chǎn)llowing D．encouraging 3．A.university B．office C．room D．lab 4．A.league B．lecture C．test D

28、．teamwork 5．A.agent B．volunteer C．host D．professor 6．A.opposite B．traditional C．typical D．similar 7．A.average B．casual C．enthusiastic D．severe 8．A.realize B．regret C．refuse D．recall 9．A.lawyer B．educator C．scho

29、lar D．engineer 10．A.As to B．Due to C．On behalf of D．In spite of 11．A.take care of B．make fun of C．learn about D．search for 12．A.solve B．bring C．raise D．ignore 13．A.concepts B．opportunities C．faith D．a(chǎn)mbition 14．A.enjoyed B．do

30、ubted C．recommended D．a(chǎn)cknowledged 15．A.replace B．predict C．conduct D．copy 16．A.came about B．broke up C．set off D．turned out 17．A.literature B．science C．language D．a(chǎn)rt 18．A.precious B．smooth C．beneficial D．slow 19．A.promi

31、sed B．showed C．left D．a(chǎn)warded 20．A.record B．a(chǎn)dmire C．create D．forget 語篇導(dǎo)讀　本文講述了“我”上大學(xué)后，老師和教授們對“我”的專業(yè)和擇業(yè)產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響。 1．解析 C　根據(jù)第8空后的that I had other choices…in biological research可知，高中畢業(yè)時(shí)，“我”沒有考慮過眾多的職業(yè)選擇(choices)，故選C項(xiàng)。 2．解析 D　像大多數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)課出眾的學(xué)生一樣，人們鼓勵(lì)(encourage)“我”以后成為一名

32、工程師。appoint任命，安排，故選D項(xiàng)。 3．解析 A　根據(jù)第15空所在句的While I was at university, I learned…what I learned with people可知，此處指上大學(xué)(university)后，一切都發(fā)生了改變，故選A項(xiàng)。 4．解析 B　根據(jù)下文中的and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology可知，空處填入的詞在范疇上應(yīng)與classes一致，lecture(講座)符合語境，故選B項(xiàng)。 5．解析 D　根據(jù)下一段可知，此處指坐等教授(professor)的

33、到來，故選D項(xiàng)。 6．解析 A　根據(jù)上下文可知，“我”以為來上課的老師古板、嚴(yán)肅，事實(shí)上，老師體貼且富有熱情，所以先前想象的與實(shí)際見到的相反(opposite)，故選A項(xiàng)。 7．解析 C　空處所填詞與caring(體貼的)并列。average一般的；casual漫不經(jīng)心的，隨便的；enthusiastic熱情的；severe嚴(yán)厲的，故選C項(xiàng)。 8．解析 A　她令人振奮的課使“我”意識(shí)到(realize)除了成為一名工程師(engineer)，“我”還可以從事生物學(xué)研究，故選A項(xiàng)。 9．解析 D　根據(jù)第一段中的engineer并結(jié)合語境可知，此處為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選D項(xiàng)。 10．解析 B　

34、根據(jù)語境可知，空處所在句表示原因。As to關(guān)于， 至于；Due to因?yàn)椋捎?；On behalf of代表；In spite of盡管，故選B項(xiàng)。 11．解析 C　結(jié)合語境可知，此處指“我”發(fā)現(xiàn)科學(xué)家并非我們在國家地理頻道所了解(learn about)的那樣。take care of照顧；make fun of取笑；search for尋找，故選C項(xiàng)。 12．解析 A　他們是回答真實(shí)問題并解決(solve)實(shí)際問題的有血有肉的人，故選A項(xiàng)。 13．解析 B　這引領(lǐng)著“我”去尋找做真正的科學(xué)研究項(xiàng)目的機(jī)會(huì)(opportunity)并看一下“我”是否喜歡(enjoy)它。concept

35、概念；faith信仰；ambition抱負(fù)，故選B項(xiàng)。 14．解析 A　參見上題解析。下文中的loved也是提示。doubt懷疑；recommend推薦，建議；acknowledge承認(rèn)，感謝，故選A項(xiàng)。 15．解析 C　在大學(xué)里，“我”學(xué)到了如何提出好的問題、如何做實(shí)驗(yàn)和收集數(shù)據(jù)，以及如何同別人分享“我”了解到的東西。conduct實(shí)施，進(jìn)行，符合語境，故選C項(xiàng)。 16．解析 D　結(jié)果是(turn out)，“我”喜歡進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究的每一分鐘。come about發(fā)生，造成；break up粉碎，破碎；set off出發(fā)，動(dòng)身，故選D項(xiàng)。 17．解析 B　根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指愛上科學(xué)(science)的過程對我來說很長，故選B項(xiàng)。 18．解析 D　雖然成為科學(xué)家之路是漫長的(slow)，但一路上有很多老師和教授給“我”引路(show me the way)，故選D項(xiàng)。 19．解析 B　參見上題解析，故選B項(xiàng)。 20．解析 C　結(jié)合常識(shí)及選項(xiàng)可知，此處指現(xiàn)在“我”在努力學(xué)習(xí)新東西并創(chuàng)造(create)新知識(shí)，故選C項(xiàng)。 8